Uma kuziwa kuma-hot dog, okubonayo kungase kungabi yilokho okutholayo. Naphezu kokubalwa njengesithako esiphezulu, kunenyama yangempela encane ngokumangalisayo ezinjeni ezishisayo. Lezi zidlo ezithandwayo zezoso zasehlobo ngokuyinhloko zakhiwe ngamanzi namafutha, iqiniso lokuthi izinkampani zezinja ezishisayo azizimisele ukwabelana.
Izinja ezishisayo, ezaziwa nangokuthi ama-frankfurters, ama-franks, noma ama-wieners, ziyinketho ethandwayo yemibuthano yaseMelika. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwesimo sabo esiyingqayizivele kunenqubo eguqula ukusikeka kwenyama okungafuneki kakhulu kube isoseji elicutshunguliwe. Inyama igaywa ibe yingxube enamafutha amaningi namanzi, ifakwe isinongo, ifakwe ukunambitheka kwentuthu, bese iphekwa ibe yizinto ezimnandi ezimise okweshubhu.
Ngekota yokugcina ka-2021, ama-hot dog enza u-3.4% kuphela wengqikithi yokuthengiswa kwenyama e-US, elandela amasoseji esidlo sakusihlwa kodwa edlula amasoseji asekuseni ngokuduma. Izinhlobo ezidayiswa kakhulu zezinja ezishisayo eziqandisiwe zihlanganisa i-Bar-S, i-Ball Park, i-Oscar Mayer, no-John Morrell, bebonke bathengisa amayunithi ayizigidi ezingu-104.2 emasontweni angu-12 aholela ekupheleni kukaJanuwari 2022.
Izinhlobo ezidumile zezinja ezishisayo e-United States nazo zihlanganisa i-Hebrew National, i-Nathan's, nemikhiqizo yesitolo efana ne-Sam's Choice, i-Trader Joe's, ne-Whole Foods. Ukubukeka okuvezayo ekubunjweni nasekuthengisweni kwento yokudla yase-American quintessentially.
Iqiniso lokuthi Iziphi Izinja Ezishisayo Ezenziwa Ngayo?
Izinja ezishisayo zingase zingabi nenyama njengoba zibonakala, naphezu kokuthi inyama ifakwe ohlwini njengesithako esiyinhloko. Eqinisweni, akhiwa ikakhulukazi amanzi namafutha, aqukethe kuphela inani elincane lenyama ngomqondo ovamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyama esetshenzisiwe ingeyezinga eliphansi futhi icutshungulwe yaba into edakayo.
Lapho kuhlolwa ukwakheka kwezinja ezishisayo, kuba sobala ukuthi okuqukethwe kwenyama yazo kunomkhawulo. Ngisho noma ibhalwe njengesithako esiyinhloko, inani langempela lenyama lisibekela amanzi amaningi namafutha. Inyama ngokwayo ingeyezinga elincane, njengoba isicutshungulwe okuyiguqula ibe into efana nodaka.
Empeleni, iqiniso mayelana nezinja ezishisayo lisekubunjweni kwazo, lidalula umkhiqizo othembele kakhulu emanzini namafutha kunekhwalithi yenyama. Inyama yezinga eliphansi kanye nokuguqulwa kwayo ibe yifomu le-sludgy kunomthelela ekuqapheliseni ukuthi izinja ezishisayo zingase zingabi njengenyama-centric njengoba ngokuvamile kucatshangwa.
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Yiziphi Izithako eziku-Hot Dogs?
Ama-hot dogs ngokuvamile enziwa ngenyama ebomvu njengenyama yenkomo, yengulube, noma yenyama yenkonyane, nakuba ezinye zinezinhlamvu ezixutshiwe. Namuhla, ungathola nama-hot dogs enziwe ngamaprotheni ezitshalo njengesoya. Kukhona ngisho nezinguqulo ezenziwe ngenkukhu noma i-turkey.
E-United States, izinhlobo zezinja ezishisayo zihlanganisa lezo ezenziwe ngokuphelele ngenyama yenkomo, i-turkey, inkukhu, noma ingulube. Abanye abantu bajabulela nezinja zommbila, ama-hot dog agcwele ushizi, kanye nezinketho zemifino.
Ukwenza izinja ezishisayo, inyama yenkomo, yengulube, noma yenkukhu iyaqotshwa kahle bese yenziwa ingxube. Cishe u-30% we-hot dog inamafutha, kanti ingxube yamafutha namanzi yenza cishe u-50%. Le ngxube ifakwe izinongo ezifana ne-paprika, upelepele obomvu, ushukela, usawoti, upelepele omnyama, ne-sodium nitrite. Izithako ezengeziwe ezifana nobisi omisiwe olwe-nonfat kanye nokudla okuyimpuphu kwamathambo kungase kwengezwe njengezigcwalisi.
Ukusika Inyama ku-Hot Dogs
Izinja ezishisayo zenziwe ngengxenye yenyama ebizwa ngokuthi "inyama yokusika." Esikhundleni sokumosha inyama esele ngemva kokuba izingxenye ezingcono kakhulu zesilwane zikhethelwe ukudla komuntu ngamunye, imboni isebenzisa inqubo lapho ikhipha yonke inyama emathanjeni, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho namathambo. Bese beyipheka bese beyishintsha ibe yinhlama ewugqinsi.
Inyama esetshenziswa ezinjeni ezishisayo ingavela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zesilwane, njengekhanda, izinyawo, isibindi, izicubu ezinamafutha, imisipha yezinga eliphansi, igazi, nokunye. Zonke lezi zingxenye zihlangene zaziwa ngokuthi "ukunqunywa kwenyama," okusebenza njengomthombo oyinhloko wenyama yezinja ezishisayo. Uma uhlu lwesithako lukhuluma “ngemikhiqizo” noma “inyama ehlukahlukene,” kusho ukuthi inyama ingase ihlanganise izingxenye ezifana nekhala, izindebe, amehlo, noma ubuchopho. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kahle kokusikwa kwenyama kusiza ukunciphisa imfucuza embonini yenyama kuyilapho kunikeza isisekelo senja ethandekayo eshisayo.
Zenziwe Ngaziphi Izinja Ezishisayo?
Ngo-2008, umfundi wesikole samabanga aphezulu u-Brigid Prayson wenza ucwaningo ukuze aqonde ukuthi yini engena kuma-hot dogs athengwa esitolo, noma ngabe athathwe ezingulubeni, ezinkomeni, noma kuma-turkeys. Lolu cwaningo lwembula ukuthi inyama kulezi zinja ezishisayo ngokuyinhloko yayinezitho zomzimba ngaphandle kwezicubu zamathambo—ingxenye abantu abavame ukuyibiza ngokuthi inyama. Lokhu kwakuhlanganisa izakhi ezifana “nethambo, i-collagen, imithambo yegazi, isitshalo, i-peripheral nerve, izicubu ze-adipose (amafutha), uqwanga, nesikhumba.”
Okutholwe nguPrayson kubonise ukuthi iningi lemikhiqizo ehloliwe “yayingaphezu kuka-50% amanzi ngesisindo” futhi iqukethe inyama engaphansi kuka-10%, echazwa njengemisipha yohlaka lwamathambo. Lokhu kunikeza ukukhanya ekubunjweni kwezinja ezishisayo, kugcizelela ukuthi okuqukethwe kwenyama kuphansi futhi kulekelelwa ezinye izingxenye ezihlukahlukene.
Yiziphi Izithako Kwinja Yenkomo Eshisayo?
I-USDA iyalela ukuthi i-hot dog yenkomo kufanele isebenzise kuphela inyama yezinkomo futhi akufanele iqukathe noma yimiphi imikhiqizo. Lesi simiso sisebenza njengesinyathelo sokuqapha ngokumelene ne-bovine spongiform encephalopathy, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi isifo se-mad cow. Ngokungafani nama-hot dog akhiwe ngezinkukhu noma ingulube, ama-beef frank awavunyelwe ukusebenzisa inyama yenkomo ehlukaniswe ngomshini.
Inyama ehlukaniswe ngomshini iyisakhi esingavamile esakhiwe “ngokuphoqa amathambo, kanye nenyama edliwayo enamathiselwe kuwo, ngesisefo ngaphansi kokucindezela okukhulu.” Le nqubo ihlukanisa inyama ethanjeni, idale inyama yokunamathisela. Ngokuphawulekayo, ama-hot dog anenyama yengulube noma inkukhu ehlukaniswe ngomshini kufanele asho ngokucacile ohlwini lwazo lwezithako. Igama elithi "udaka olumhlophe" livame ukusetshenziswa ukuchaza inyama ehlukaniswe ngomshini.
Ukufingqa, inja yenkomo eshisayo, ngokwemihlahlandlela ye-USDA, yenziwa kuphela ngenyama yenkomo ngaphandle kokufakwa kwemikhiqizo ekhiqizwayo, njengendlela yokuphepha ekulweni nesifo senkomo. Ukuvinjelwa kwenyama yenkomo ehlukaniswe ngomshini kumafrank wenkomo kuyayihlukanisa kozakwabo owenziwe ngenyama yenkukhu noma yengulube.
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Izithako Ezingajwayelekile Ku-Hot Dogs: Yini Ngempela Ngaphakathi?
Izinketho zokudla zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu, futhi lokho umuntu akuthola kwamukeleka kungase kubhekwe njengento embi ngomunye. Okunye ukudla kuvame ukubonakala njengokungathandeki, futhi isibonelo esisodwa esinjalo yi-offal, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-byproducts noma inyama ehlukahlukene. Lezi azivamile ukusetshenziswa ezinja ezishisayo futhi bezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ekudleni kwezilwane nasezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene zezimboni.
Ngokusho kwe-USDA (Umnyango Wezolimo wase-United States), izinja ezishisayo eziqukethe imikhiqizo noma inyama ehlukahlukene kufanele okungenani zibe namaphesenti angu-15 wemisipha yamathambo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhiqizo ethile efana nenhliziyo, izinso, noma isibindi kufanele ibhalwe ngokucacile, kanye nokuhlonza isilwane esivela kuso. Ngaphandle kwalo mthethonqubo, imithombo yemboni ikhombisa ukuthi i-offal ayisona isithako esisetshenziswa njalo kuma-hot dog, okwenza kube ukungezwa okungajwayelekile.
Ngamagama alula, uma kuziwa ezinja ezishisayo, kunemithetho mayelana nezinhlobo zenyama engasetshenziswa. Yize abanye bengase bathole umqondo wokusebenzisa imikhiqizo engakhangi kangako, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi imithethonqubo isendaweni ukuze kuqinisekiswe obala mayelana nokuthi yini engena kulokhu kudla okulula okudumile.
Ukwenza Inja Eshisayo: Izithako Nezinyathelo
E-United States, ama-hot dog anohlu lwezithako, futhi ahlelwa ngokulandelana kwawo. Uhlu luqala ngesithako esakha ingxenye enkulu ye-hot dog bese lehlela kulena eyenza ingxenye encane kakhulu.
Uma ufunda uhlu, uzobona amagama ezinto ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza i-hot dog. Igama lokuqala ohlwini yilona elisetshenziswa kakhulu, kanti isibongo yisona esisetshenziswa kancane. Lo myalelo ulandelwa ukuze abantu baqonde kalula ukuthi yini engaphakathi kwe-hot dog abayidlayo. Kuyindlela yokwazisa wonke umuntu mayelana nezithako nokuthi ingakanani ngayinye eku-hot dog.
Ukukhetha Inyama yokusika
Lapho ubona i-hot dog ebhalwe ngezithako ezinjengenyama yenkomo, ingulube, noma inkukhu, kungase kuzwakale kulula, kodwa indlela inyama eyenziwe ngayo ihilela inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi ukuvuselelwa kwenyama okuthuthukisiwe (AMR), lapho kusetshenziswa khona imishini ekhethekile ukukhuhla, ukushefa, noma ukucindezelwa izingcezu zenyama emathanjeni enyama yenkomo neyengulube. Kodwa-ke, uma inyama ine-calcium eyeqile, idlula umngcele futhi ibe yilokho okwaziwa ngokuthi inyama "ehlukaniswe ngomshini". Ngamagama alula, uma kunezicucu eziningi zamathambo enyameni, kubhekwa njengokuhlukaniswa ngomshini.
Ukucacisa, nakuba inja eshisayo ingase ithi inezithako zenyama eqondile, ukukhiqizwa kuhilela amasu athuthukile okuhlukanisa inyama emathanjeni. Lokhu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa imishini ekhethekile ekhipha inyama emathanjeni enyama yenkomo neyengulube. Kodwa-ke, lapho inyama iqukethe i-calcium eningi, okubonisa ukuba khona ngokweqile kwezicucu zamathambo, ihlukaniswa njengenyama ehlukaniswe ngomshini.
Ukuhlanganisa Izithako
Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuhlanganisa izithako. Ukwenza ama-hot dog kuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa izithako ezihlukahlukene. Okokuqala, inyama eqinile iyaphekwa futhi igaywe ibe yinhlama. Khona-ke, izingxenye ezengeziwe ziyahlanganiswa.
Ngokuvumelana ne Isihloko sika-Yasmin Tayag ku-Inverse, ama-hot dogs aqukethe ingxube yengulube egayiwe kanye nezinsalela zenyama yenkomo, kanye nezingxenye zenkukhu ezigayiwe, ukunambitheka, isitashi, isiraphu yommbila, namanzi. Ukuze kunikezwe izinja ezishisayo umbala wazo obomvana nokubukeka okusha, kunezelwa i-sodium nitrite, nakuba izazi ezithile zokudla ziye zahlotshaniswa nokuba sengozini yomdlavuza, njengoba kuphawulwe u-April Benshosan.
I-Benshosan ihlola izithasiselo ezingajwayelekile ezinjeni ezishisayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izivimbelakuvunda ezifana ne-potassium lactate ne-sodium diacetate. Ukwengeza, izinja ezishisayo zingaqukatha i-sorbitol, utshwala obushukela okwaziwa ukuthi bubangela igesi, i-sodium phosphate ukuze igcine umswakama, kanye nephrotheni yommbila ene-hydrolyzed, ethuthukisa ukunambitheka okufana ne-MSG.
Izinga lokushisa lokupheka lezinja ezishisayo eziqukethe ama-nitrites libalulekile, njengoba lithonya isixhumanisi esinamandla somdlavuza. Nakuba i-sodium nitrite isiza ukugcina umbala okhangayo wezinja ezishisayo, kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukukhathazeka kwayo kwezempilo okungase kube khona.
Sekukonke, ama-hot dogs abhekana nenqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokuhlanganisa ehlanganisa izithako ezihlukahlukene, ezinye zazo ezingase ziphakamise ukucatshangelwa kwezempilo.
Ukugxilisa ama-Casings
Isinyathelo esilandelayo sihlanganisa ukusunduza ngokuzenzakalelayo okunamathiselwe kwenyama kumashubhu asobala, afana nesokisi enziwe nge-cellulose, abukeka njengefilimu yepulasitiki. Ngenkathi ama-casings ayevame ukwakhiwa kusuka emathunjini esilwane sangempela, iningi lezinja ezishisayo namuhla azinasikhumba esimweni sazo esiphelile.
Enqubweni yokugxusha, inhlama yenyama ifakwa ngokucophelela kulawa ma-casings, inikeze izinja ezishisayo ukuma kwazo okuhlukile. Lawa mabhokisi adlala indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni umkhiqizo wokugcina, awusize ubambe isimo sawo ngesikhathi sokupheka. Ngenkathi ama-casings endabuko enziwe ngamathumbu ezilwane ake ajwayelekile, izindlela zesimanje zivame ukusebenzisa izinto zokwenziwa ezifana ne-cellulose.
Izinja ezishisayo ezingenasikhumba ziye zanda kakhulu ngenxa yokunethezeka nokusebenza kahle kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-cellulose casings akwenzi kube lula ukukhiqiza kuphela kodwa futhi kuhlangabezana nezintandokazi zabathengi abakhetha ukuthungwa okushelelayo. Ngenxa yalokho, umkhuba wokugcwalisa ama-casings ngokunamathisela kwenyama uye washintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, manje sekugxilwe ekukhiqizeni okuphumelelayo kanye nokuhlangabezana nokushintshashintsha kwabathengi.
Pheka Ama-Hot Dogs
Ukupheka ama-hot dog, landela lezi zinyathelo ezilula. Qala ngokubilisa ama-frankfurters emabhokisini awo, bese uwageza ngokushesha ngamanzi. Naphezu kokuphekwa kusengaphambili, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziyashiswa zize "zishise" ngokuphepha kokudla, ngokusho kwewebhusayithi ye-USDA.
Ukuze ulungise izinja zakho ezishisayo, okokuqala, ulethe ibhodwe lamanzi ngamathumba. Faka ama-hot dog emanzini abilayo, asasezigodini zawo, futhi uwayeke apheke imizuzu embalwa. Uma usuqedile, wasuse futhi uhlanza isikhashana ngamanzi.
Noma ama-hot dog asephekiwe kakade ngaphambi kokupakishwa, kuhle ukuthi uwashise kakhulu ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha. I-USDA incoma ukuthi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi "ziyashisa" ukuze kuqedwe noma yimaphi amagciwane angaba khona. Lesi sinyathelo esengeziwe asigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kodwa futhi sinomthelela ekunambithekeni kwama-hot dog.
Khumbula, amaminithi ambalwa engeziwe okushisa angenza umehluko omkhulu kukho kokubili ukuphepha nokujabulela umuzwa wakho we-hot dog.
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I-Chill Hot Dogs futhi Ukhiphe Ama-Casings uma Kudingeka
Ngemva kokupheka, ama-hot dog apholiswa emanzini okugeza, njengoba kuchazwe kuwebhusayithi ye-National Hot Dog and Sausage Council. Ukususa ama-casings, i-automatic peeler isetshenziswa ukukhumula isembozo se-cellulose ezinjeni ezishisayo.
Ngesikhathi sokwenza ama-hot dog, kubalulekile ukuwapholisa ngemva kokupheka. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuwabeka eshaweni lamanzi, njengoba kunconywe i- UMkhandlu Kazwelonke Wezinja Nesoseji. Uma sekupholile, kusetshenziswa i-automatic peeler ukususa kalula ama-cellulose casings ezinjeni ezishisayo. Lesi sinyathelo siqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo wokugcina usulungele ukujatshulelwa ngaphandle kokumboza okungafunwa.
Inqubo Yokupakisha Ephumelelayo Yokusabalalisa Izinja Ezishisayo
Enqubweni yokulungiselela izinja ezishisayo ukuze zisakazwe, kubhekwa ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela, bese zivalwa emaphaketheni epulasitiki angangeni moya kusetshenziswa amabhande okuthutha kanye nemishini ekhethekile yokupakisha. Lonke lolu hlelo lwenzeka ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthi ama-hot dog aqale ukusika inyama.
Ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlolwa nokuvalwa, ama-hot dog afakwa emabhokisini. Lamabhokisi abe eselayishwa kuma-cooler esitoreji namaloli afakwe esiqandisini phakathi namahora ambalwa. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-hot dogs ahlala emisha futhi elungele ukulethwa.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamabhande okuthutha kanye nempahla yokupakisha kudlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni le nqubo yokupakisha isebenze kahle. Kusukela ekubeni yizicucu zenyama ekuqaleni, ama-hot dogs athatha uchungechunge lwezinyathelo, afinyelela umvuthwandaba ngokubekwa kwawo emabhokisini futhi adluliselwe endaweni efrijini. Le phakheji ehlelwe kahle iqinisekisa ukuthi ama-hot dog agcina ikhwalithi yawo kuyo yonke inqubo yokusabalalisa.
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