Izitshalo, njengabantu nezilwane, ziyizidalwa eziphilayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kumele bathole indlela yokudlulisela imininingwane yabo yolibofuzo esizukulwaneni esilandelayo. Izitshalo zifinyelela lokhu ngokwakha izitshalo ezintsha, ezaziwa ngokuthi inzalo, ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukukhiqiza ubulili kanye nokuzalana ngokobulili.
Ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo kungase kuzwakale kuyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa akunzima njengoba kubonakala. Ukwazi amasu ayisisekelo ngeke kufezeke kuphela kodwa kungakusiza futhi ukuthi wonge imali ngokunciphisa isidingo sokuthenga izitshalo ezintsha. Okubalulekile kusekuqondeni izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokusabalalisa izitshalo ezithile ozifisayo.
Lesi sihloko sihlose ukwenza lula umqondo wokukhiqiza izitshalo kubalimi abasaqalayo. Sizohlola kokubili ukuzalana ngokocansi nokungahloniphi ezitshalweni, sihlukanise izincazelo nezinqubo zazo. Ngokuthola imininingwane ngalezi zici ezibalulekile, uzohlonyiswa kangcono njengomlimi, wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nezitshalo ofuna ukuzitshala.
Noma ngabe unentshisekelo ekukhiqizeni kabusha kwezitshalo noma ufuna nje ukuthuthukisa amakhono akho okulima, lo mhlahlandlela uzokunikeza imininingwane ebalulekile ngolimi oluqondakala kalula.
Kuyini Ukuzala Kwezitshalo?
Ukuzalanisa izitshalo yindlela izitshalo eziba nabantwana ngayo. Kwenzeka ngezindlela ezahlukene ezitshalweni ezahlukene, njengezihlahla, izimbali, nemifino. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko izitshalo ezenza izingane: ukukhiqiza ucansi kanye nokuzalana ngendlela engafanele.
Ekuzalweni ngokocansi, izitshalo zenza imbewu. Lezi zinhlamvu zingatshalwa ukuze zikhule zibe izitshalo ezintsha. Zibone ngeso lengqondo njengesitshalo esenza imbewu encane engakhula ibe izitshalo ezinkulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ekuzaleni okungasexual, izitshalo zenza abantwana ngaphandle kwembewu. Esikhundleni salokho, zikhula iziqu ezintsha futhi izimpande ezivela ezingxenyeni ezincane zisika isitshalo sokuqala. Kufana nesitshalo esizihlanganisayo, senze amakhophi angakhula abe yizitshalo ezintsha.
Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile, ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo kumayelana nendlela izitshalo ezidala ngayo izizukulwane ezintsha. Ezinye izitshalo zikwenza ngokwenza imbewu, kanti ezinye zikwenza ngokutshala izingxenye ezintsha. Isitshalo ngasinye sinendlela yaso yokuzala, futhi iyamangalisa indlela esikwenza ngayo!
Funda futhi: Izitshalo Ze-Hosta: Ungakhula Kanjani Futhi Unakekele I-Hostas
Inqubo Yokukhiqiza Ucansi Ezitshalweni
Ukuzalanisa ngokocansi ezitshalweni kuyinqubo ethokozisayo ehluka phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene. Izitshalo zasengadini ezihlanganyela ekukhiqizeni ngokocansi ngokuyinhloko ama-angiosperms, okuyizitshalo eziqhakazayo. Ngokungafani nama-gymnosperms afana nama-conifers, ama-angiosperm alandela ukulandelana okuqondile kwezenzakalo ukuletha impilo entsha emhlabeni.
1. I-Meiosis
Izitshalo zidinga indlela ekhethekile yokulungiselela ukwenza izitshalo ezintsha. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-meiosis, uhlobo lokuhlukana kwamangqamuzana. Ku-meiosis, amaseli ezitshalo ahlukanisa ama-chromosome awo abe amaseli e-chromosome eyodwa, abizwa ngokuthi. amaseli e-haploid.
Lawa mangqamuzana akhethekile, aziwa ngokuthi ama-gametes, adlala indima ebalulekile ekuzaleni. Ama-Gamete afana nezakhiwo zezitshalo ezintsha, afana nendlela isidoda namaqanda eqanda asebenza ngayo ezilwaneni. Ngakho-ke, i-meiosis yindlela izitshalo eziyisebenzisayo ukudala lawa maseli okuzala abalulekile, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akulungele ukwenza izitshalo ezintsha.
2. Impova
Izitshalo eziningi ezingadini ziyizitshalo eziqhakaza, futhi zidinga impova ukuze zivundiswe. Impova iyenzeka lapho izimbali esitshalweni zishintshanisa amaseli okuzala. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili: impova ewela phakathi kwezitshalo ezimbili ezihlukene kanye nokuziphendulela ngokwakho ngaphakathi kwesitshalo esisodwa.
Izitshalo eziqhakazayo zinezingxenye ezibalulekile zokuvuthwa kwempova. Anezingxenye zesilisa, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-stamens, anama-anther aphethe izinhlamvu zempova. Futhi banezingxenye zesifazane, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-carpels noma ama-pistils, ahlanganisa i-stigma nama-ovules. Inqubo ebalulekile ihlanganisa ukudlulisa impova isuka esihlahleni iye esicwasweni.
Izinyosi, izimvemvane, amalulwane, noma ngisho nomlimi ocophelelayo angadlulisela impova. Indlela isalokhu ifana: impova ihambisa impova isuka esihlahleni iye esicwasweni. Ukusuka lapho, lihamba ngeshubhu lempova ukuze livundise i-gametophyte yesifazane, liqinisekise ukuzala kwesitshalo.
3. Ukuvundisa
Ngemva kokuphola, isikhathi somlingo senzeka lapho amangqamuzana amancane aphuma kowesilisa (isidoda) nowesifazane (iqanda) ehlangana ndawonye. Bahlanganisa amandla ukuze bakhe amaseli akhethekile abizwa ngokuthi ama-zygotes, anamasethi amabili ama-chromosome. Ezitshalweni eziqhakazayo, njengalezo ezikhiqiza izithelo, le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi ukuvundisa kabili.
Le nyunyana ifana nesibonakaliso sokuthi isitshalo siqale ukutshala izithelo. Kufana nokuqala kwengane yesitshalo! Yonke le nqubo ibalulekile ukuze izitshalo zizalane futhi zenze imbewu entsha. Ngakho, lapho ukuvuthwa kwempova kwenzeka, futhi amangqamuzana owesilisa nowesifazane ehlangana, kufana nendlela yemvelo yokuthi, “Masidale into entsha!”
Ngokuvamile, ngemva kokuhlangana kwempova namaqanda, bayahlangana ukuze benze ingqamuzana elikhethekile, futhi lokho kuyisiqalo sesitshalo somntwana. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezitshalweni eziqhakaza ngoba kuholela ekukhuleni kwezithelo, eziqukethe imbewu yezitshalo ezintsha. Imvelo inendlela yayo yokuqinisekisa ukuthi izitshalo ziyaqhubeka zikhula futhi zizakhele okuningi!
Inqubo Yokukhiqiza I-Asexual Ezitshaloni
Izitshalo zingenza izitshalo ezintsha ngaphandle kokudinga imbewu noma impova - lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-asexual reproduction. Kulula kakhulu kunenqubo yokukhiqiza ucansi ezitshalweni. Kunezindlela ezimbalwa ezijwayelekile izitshalo ezenza lokhu ezingadini: ezihlumayo nezigijimayo.
Ezinye izitshalo, njengejinja no-anyanisi, zisebenzisa indlela elula. Zimila imiqumbe eyengeziwe eziqwini zazo eziphenduka izitshalo ezintsha ngokuphelele. Kucabange njengokuzenzela ikhophi.
Ezinye izitshalo, njengama-strawberry, zinohlobo olukhethekile lwesiqu olubizwa ngokuthi ama-stolons. Lezi ziqu zigijima emhlabathini, futhi lapho zithola indawo enhle, zimila izimpande futhi zenze isitshalo esisha. Kufana nokuthi imboni ithumela umgijimi ukuthi adale ilungu elisha leqembu.
Emhlabeni wezitshalo, ukuzala okungajwayelekile kufana nendlela yemvelo yokwenza izimpinda. Esikhundleni sokuthembela embewini noma ezimbalini, lezi zitshalo zinezindlela zazo ezihlukile zokukhulisa izizukulwane ezintsha. Ngakho-ke, ngokuzayo lapho ubona isitshalo esisha engadini yakho, kungenzeka ukuthi siqale njengehlumela elincane noma umgijimi ethola indawo yaso ekahle ukuze sikhule sibe isitshalo esisha sha.
Funda futhi: Ungayikhulisa Kanjani I-Arugula Engadini Yakho
Kungani Abakwa-Gardners Kudingeka Baqonde Ukuzalanisa Izitshalo
Engadini, ukuzala kabusha kwezitshalo kubalulekile. Ukwazi izinto eziyisisekelo kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izitshalo zakho ziyachuma unyaka nonyaka, kukusindisa ekuthengeni njalo imbewu noma izitshalo. Ukucwaninga izindlela zokukhiqiza izitshalo zakho kukuqondisa ekukhetheni indlela efanele yokusabalalisa.
Ukuzalanisa kwezitshalo kubalulekile ekusimamiseni ingadi. Ukuqonda kalula le nqubo kukunika amandla okunakekela izitshalo zakho minyaka yonke ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuthenga kabusha imbewu noma izitshalo.
1. Ukukhulisa Izitshalo Ngembewu
Ezitshalweni ezizala ngembewu, indlela elula yokutshala ezintsha iwukuqoqa nokugcina imbewu ezikhiqizayo. Uma unemifino enamahlamvu, njengolethisi, futhi ufuna ukonga imbewu yayo, vumela ezimbalwa zazo ziye enzalweni. Gcina amanye amakhanda emhlabathini aze akhiphe isiqu sezimbali. Uma kuvela isiqu sembali, simboze ngesikhwama sephepha bese uthuntutha imbewu esikhwameni.
Ngemifino ethela izithelo, njengama-eggplant, mayivuthwe kancane kunokujwayelekile esitshalweni ngaphambi kokuvuna. Ngemva kwalokho, sika imifino, ukhiphe imbewu, uyomise bese uyigcina ezitsheni. Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo ezilula, ungaqala kabusha umjikelezo wempilo yezitshalo ngesizini ezayo.
Ukukhula kwezitshalo kusuka embewini kuyindlela eqondile yokuqinisekisa ukunikezwa okuqhubekayo kwemifino oyithandayo. Noma ngabe imifino enamahlamvu noma izithelo, ukuqonda izisekelo zokuqoqwa kwembewu nokugcinwa kukuvumela ukuthi ujabulele isivuno esiyinala unyaka nonyaka.
2. Ukusabalalisa Izitshalo Ngokuhlukana
Ukwakha izitshalo ezintsha ngaphandle kwembewu, ungasebenzisa indlela ebizwa ngokuthi ukuhlukanisa. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ingxenye encane yesitshalo esingumzali esivele sinezimpande zaso, ukusihlukanisa, nokusitshala endaweni ehlukile. Izimpande zisiza isitshalo esisha ukuthi siqale ukumunca amanzi nezakhamzimba ngaso leso sikhathi.
I-Division ifanele izitshalo ezikhula zibe yizicucu, njengezimbali eziningi ezingapheli kanye nama-bulb. Lezi zitshalo zineziqu eziningi eziphuma ezimpandeni eziningi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuhlukana ngeke kusebenze ezihlahleni njengezihlahla zepekani ezinesiqu esisodwa noma izitshalo ezifana nobhekilanga abanesiqu sodwa.
Le nqubo elula ivumela abalimi ukuthi basakaze futhi bakhulise iqoqo labo lezitshalo kalula.
Funda futhi: Ungayikhulisa Kanjani I-Dahlias Engadini Yakho Yezimbali
3. Ukukhiqizwa Kwezitshalo Ngokusikwa
Ukusika kuyindlela yokwenza izitshalo ezintsha ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa isiqu ezimpandeni zaso. Kufana neqhinga lomlingo lezitshalo! Ungasika ucezu lwesitshalo esivuthiwe, usinamathisele emhlabathini, futhi usibone sikhula izimpande namahlumela amasha, njengembewu emilayo. Nakuba lokhu kungasebenza kunoma yisiphi isitshalo, ezinye izinhlobo zingcono ekukhuleni izimpande kusuka kusikwa.
Izitshalo ezinjengama-succulents nezilimo eziyizigaxa kulula kakhulu ukwenza okuningi ngokusika. Ngakho-ke, esikhundleni sokubhekana nembewu noma ukuhlukanisa izimpande neziqu, ungasebenzisa le ndlela yokusika epholile ukuze udale izitshalo ezintsha. Kufana nokunikeza isitshalo ithuba lesibili lokukhula, futhi kuyindlela ehlanzekile yokwandisa ingadi yakho ngaphandle kokuxabana okuningi. Izame ngezitshalo zakho ozithandayo futhi uzibuke ziphindaphindeka!
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