Ukukhulisa isihlahla sama-apula kudinga isineke nokucophelela. Ngokungafani nezinye izitshalo, izihlahla zezithelo azivamile ukukhiqiza izithelo ngonyaka ofanayo ozitshalayo.
Ukuze ukhule izihlahla zama-apula, uzodinga ukukhanya kwelanga okuningi kanye nomhlabathi okhishwe kahle. Qiniseka ukuthi ukhetha izinhlobonhlobo ezifanele zesimo sezulu sakho kanye nohlobo lwenhlabathi. Tshala isihlahla sakho ngokucophelela, ulandele imiyalelo yesikhala nokujula.
Ngemva kokutshala, zilungiselele ukulinda. Ngokwemvelo kuthatha iminyaka embalwa ukuthi isihlahla sama-apula sivuthwe futhi sithele izithelo. Ngalesi sikhathi, uzodinga ukunikeza ukunakekelwa okufanele njengokunisela okuvamile nokuthena.
Manje awuyeki nje ukunakekela isihlahla sakho samahhabhula lapho siqala ukuthela izithelo. Udinga ukuqhubeka nokunisela njalo, ukufaka umquba, nokusebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane. Kungase futhi kudingeke ukuthi unciphise isithelo ukuze uqinisekise ama-apula amakhulu, anekhwalithi engcono.
Nakuba kungase kuthathe isikhathi ukubona imiphumela, umvuzo wama-apula amasha, akhule ekhaya wenza konke kube wusizo. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokunaka, isihlahla sakho sama-apula singakunikeza isithelo esimnandi iminyaka eminingi ezayo.
Udinga Igumbi Elingakanani Ukuze Ukhulise Izihlahla Ze-apula?
Ungahlakulela umugqa wezihlahla zama-apula ezincane ezindaweni ezincane. Lezi zinhlobo ezincane ngokuvamile ziba ngamamitha ayisithupha ubude futhi zingakhula ngisho nasezitshalweni ezinkulu.
Uma unendawo ethe xaxa yokutshala, cabanga ngezihlahla zezithelo ezincane, ezikhula zibe ubude obungamafithi ayi-10 kuye kwayi-15. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izihlahla zezithelo ezinosayizi ogcwele zingafinyelela ubude obungamamitha angu-20 noma ngaphezulu.
Ngenkathi uhlela ukuthi ingadi yakho yesihlahla sama-apula kanjani, cabangela indawo etholakalayo bese ukhetha usayizi wesihlahla esifanelana.
Izihlahla ezincane zilungele ngokwemvelo izindawo ezihlangene noma izingadi zesitsha, kuyilapho izihlahla ezincane nezijwayelekile zidinga indawo eyengeziwe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unegceke elingemuva, i-balcony, noma ivulandi, kunosayizi ofanelekile wesihlahla sama-apula wendawo yakho.
Funda futhi: Ingabe Uphayinaphu Ukhula Ezihlahleni?
Ungakhula Kanjani Izihlahla Ze-apula Ekhaya
Ngokwemvelo, izihlahla zama-apula zikhula kahle kakhulu izindawo zesimo sezulu.
Uhlala kwenye yezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokutshala izihlahla zama-apula uma uhlala ezindaweni ezi-3-8. Kodwa-ke, uhlobo lwesihlahla sama-apula ongasitshala luncike endaweni okuyo.
Uma uhlala endaweni epholile, njengezindawo ezimaphakathi noma ezisenyakatho, kungcono ukutshala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo lapho inhlabathi iqala ukufudumala. Kodwa uma uhlala ezindaweni ezinobusika obupholile, ukutshala ekuqaleni kwekwindla/ekwindla nakho kungaba kuhle.
Nquma ukuthi ungatshala kuphi izihlahla zakho zama-apula.
Izihlahla zama-apula zikhula kahle ngaphansi kokukhanya kwelanga nasezindaweni ezinendawo eyanele. Nabo futhi badinga inhlabathi lokho kuyingxube yendlela yokwenza (hhayi isihlabathi kakhulu noma efana nobumba kakhulu), nomhlabathi ongenawo acid kakhulu noma ongena-alkaline kakhulu. Ungahlola izimfanelo zomhlabathi wakho, njengokuthungwa kwawo kanye nezinga le-pH, ngokwenza ukuhlola umhlabathi. Ungathola ikhithi yokuhlola umhlabathi endaweni yangakini USDA ihhovisi lezandiso lomfelandawonye ngemali encane.
Lokhu kuhlola kuzokutshela ukuthi umhlabathi wakho wakhiwe ngani futhi uma unezinkinga ezifana nokuba ne-asidi kakhulu noma ukuntula imisoco ethile. Uma kukhona izinkinga, ukuhlolwa kuzophinde kukunikeze iseluleko sokuthi ungazilungisa kanjani. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuba utshale izihlahla zakho zama-apula, qiniseka ukuthi ukhetha indawo efanele enohlobo olufanele lomhlabathi.
Lungisa umhlabathi wokutshala
Ukuze ulungise indawo yakho yokutshala, qala ngokuyihlanza isonto elilodwa ngaphambi kokufaka izitshalo. Susa noma yiziphi izitshalo ezingafuneki. Qinisekisa ukuthi umhlabathi muhle - uma udinga ukulungiswa, kwenze lokho manje. Kodwa qaphela ukuthi ungafaki umanyolo omningi, ngoba ungase uqine kakhulu ezimpandeni ezintsha.
Ngaphambi kokutshala noma yini, zinike isikhathi sokulungisa indawo. Lokhu kusho ukulahla noma yimuphi udoti noma izitshalo eziwuhlupho ongazifuni. Futhi, hlola inhlabathi ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ilungele izitshalo zakho ezintsha. Uma kunezinkinga ngenhlabathi, zilungise. Kodwa ungahlanyi ngomanyolo, ngoba omningi wawo ungaba nonya kakhulu ezimpandeni ezintsha ezintekenteke zezitshalo zakho. Konke kumayelana nokunikeza izitshalo zakho ikhaya elihle nelithokomele ukuze zikhule kulo!
Qala ku-rootstocks
Ukuze ukhule izihlahla zama-apula, udinga ukuthola uhlobo olufanele lwesisekelo. Ngenkathi ungaqala ukuzikhulisa ngaphakathi kusuka embewini, kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuthi lezi zithombo zivuthwe ngokwanele ukuba zikhiqize izithelo - iminyaka engaba ngu-6 kuya kweyi-10. Kunalokho, ungathenga ama-rootstocks noma izihlahla ezincane esikhungweni sengadi noma enkulisa.
Uma uqala embewini, kufanele ulinde isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba isihlahla sakho sikunikeze noma yimaphi ama-apula. Kodwa uma uthenga ama-rootstocks noma izihlahla ezincane, ungakwazi ukweqa lokho kulinda isikhathi eside. Lokhu ungakuthola ezindaweni lapho bethengisa khona izitshalo nezihlahla, njengezikhungo zengadi noma izinkulisa. Kufana nokuthengela isihlahla samahhabhula isiqalo sekhanda – sesisendleleni yokukhula sibe sikhulu futhi siqine, futhi uzowathola ngokushesha ama-apula akho. Ngakho-ke, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubheka lezi zihlahla ezincane uma uzimisele ukuvuna ama-apula ngaphandle kokulinda iminyaka.
Tshala ihhabhula lakho
Ukutshala isihlahla sakho samahhabhula, qala ngokumba umgodi obubanzi obuphindwe kabili kunezimpande kanye namafidi angaba ngu-2 ukushona. Qinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi ezungeze umgodi ivulekile. Sabalalisa izimpande ngaphansi kwembobo, bese ucindezela inhlabathi ngobumnene eduze kwempande ngayinye ukuze ususe amaphakethe omoya. Gcwalisa umgodi ngenhlabathi njengoba uhamba.
Uma utshala isiphunzi, qiniseka ukuthi i-graft union (iqhubu eliphakanyisiwe) okungenani lingama-intshi angu-2 ngaphezu kwenhlabathi engaphezulu. Ezihlahleni ezikhule ezitsheni, uma izimpande zezimpande zomile, zicwilise emanzini amahora angama-24 ngaphambi kokutshala. Lokhu kusiza izimpande zijwayele ikhaya lazo elisha.
Khumbula, imbobo yokutshala enosayizi omuhle, inhlabathi evulekile, ukubekwa kahle kwe-graft union, kanye nokucwiliswa kwamabhola ezimpande ezomisiwe kuzonikeza isihlahla sakho sama-apula ithuba elingcono lokukhula uqine futhi unempilo.
Funda futhi: 18 Izihlahla Zokhuni Oluqinile Kanye Nendlela Yokuhlonza
Uzihlukanisa Kanjani Izihlahla Ze-apula Ukuze Ukhule Okunempilo
Uma utshala izihlahla zama-apula, ukuthi uzibeke kude kangakanani ukusuka kwenye kubaluleke kakhulu. Uma utshala izihlahla zama-apula ezinkulu, njengalezi ozibona engadini yezithelo, kungcono uzinike indawo. Kufanele utshale lezi zihlahla ezinosayizi ogcwele cishe ngamafidi ayi-15 kuya kwangu-18 ukusuka komunye nomunye. Leli banga libavumela ukuthi bakhule ngokukhululeka ngaphandle kokumpintshana njengoba bebakhudlwana.
Kodwa uma ubhekene nezihlahla zama-apula ezincane, ezingakhuli zibe zinkulu, njengalezo ezenziwe ngesiphunzi esifushane, ungazibeka eduze. Lezi zihlahla kufanele zitshalwe ziqhelelane ngamamitha angu-4 kuya kwangu-8. Azidingi indawo eningi ngoba ngeke zikhule zibe zinde noma zibe banzi njengezihlahla zama-apula ezinkulu.
Ukunikeza izihlahla zakho zama-apula indawo eyanele yokusabalalisa njengoba zikhula kubalulekile empilweni yazo. Uma besondelene kakhulu, bangase baqhudelane ngokukhanya kwelanga, amanzi, nemisoco emhlabathini. Lo mqhudelwano ungenza izihlahla zibe buthaka futhi zibe sengozini yezifo kanye nezinambuzane. Ngakho, ngokuwahlukanisa ngendlela efanele, unikeza isihlahla ngasinye ithuba elingcono kakhulu lokukhula futhi sikhiqize ama-apula amnandi ukuze uwajabulele.
Amathiphu Alula Wokusiza Izihlahla Zakho Zama-apula Zichume
Growing izihlahla ze-apula zilula ngoba badinga ukunakekelwa okuthile ukuze bachume.
Okokuqala, ukuchelela njalo kubalulekile uma kuziwa ekukhuliseni isihlahla sama-apula. Ngakho-ke, qiniseka ukuthi unisela isitshalo sakho njalo.
Nokho, gwema ukunisela ngokweqile isihlahla sakho sama-apula. Bathanda inhlabathi emanzi kodwa ekhiphe amanzi amaningi, futhi amanzi amaningi angaholela ekuboleni kwezimpande.
Okwesibili, sekela izihlahla zakho ezincane. Lokhu kuzisiza ukuba zibe namagatsha aqinile ukuze zithwale isisindo sesithelo kamuva. Ungasebenzisa ama-trellises noma amaposi futhi ulandele uhlelo lomholi olumaphakathi, okusho ukuba nesiqu esisodwa esikhulu esinamagatsha asekelayo ohlangothini ngalunye.
Ukutshala okuhambisanayo nakho kubalulekile ezihlahleni zama-apula. Badinga i-cross-pollination, ngaphandle kwezinye izinhlobo zokuziphendulela. Ukuze uhehe ama-pollinator, tshala izimbali ezinephunga elimnandi eduze.
Ungakhohlwa ukumboza izithombo zezihlahla. I-mulching isiza ukugcina inhlabathi imanzi futhi ilawula izinga lokushisa. Khumbula nje ukuyisusa ngemva kokuvuna ukuze uvimbele amagundane ukuthi angalimazi ebusika.
Ukuthena ngesinye isinyathelo esibalulekile. Nakuba ungadingi ukuthena ngokweqile, ukususa amagatsha afile noma aphukile kubalulekile. Ukuthenwa kwaminyaka yonke kukhuthaza ukuhamba kahle komoya, kunciphisa ingozi yezifo.
Okokugcina, lawula izinambuzane. Noma ezinye izihlahla zama-apula zimelana, zisengabhekana nezinsongo ezifana ne-fire blight, izimpethu zama-apula, nezifo zokukhunta. Ukutshala okuhambisanayo kungaxosha izinambuzane, futhi kungase kudingeke izicupho noma izibulala-zinambuzane ukuze zivikeleke ezinambuzaneni ezithile.
Landela lawa macebiso alula, futhi izihlahla zakho zama-apula zizokubonga ngesivuno esihle!
Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ukuvuna ama-apula kulula, futhi kuyehluka kuye ngohlobo. Ungakwenza kusukela ngasekupheleni kwehlobo kuya ekwindla. Khetha isikhathi lapho ama-apula anombala ocebile wohlobo lwawo. Ukuzikha, vele unikeze ukusonteka okuncane, futhi kufanele ziphume esiqwini kalula.
Ungavumeli ama-apula avuthiwe noma athambile amosheke. Kunalokho, zisebenzise ekhishini! Ziguqule zibe ama-appleauce, ama-compotes, noma ibhotela le-apula, noma dala ubuciko nezinye izindlela zokupheka.
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