Kuyini ukwenzelela emuva futhi yiziphi izibonelo ezijwayelekile ngokujwayelekile?
I-Hindsight bias iwuhlobo lokuchema kwengqondo lapho abantu bebona khona izehlakalo ezidlule njengezingenakugwemeka noma ezingabikezelwa. Kwenza abantu bazikholise ukuthi bayazi ukuthi izenzakalo zesikhathi esidlule zizoba njani.
Ngokuvamile, abantu bavame ukucabangela izimo ezimbalwa zokuthi izinto zizohamba kanjani esikhathini esizayo. Nokho, singabikezela kuphela izenzakalo ukuba zihambe ngendlela ethile kodwa hhayi ngokunembile njengoba bekuyoba njalo ekugcineni.
Sizoxoxa ngezibonelo zokubheka emuva futhi mhlawumbe, uke waba sesimweni esifanayo ngezibonelo ezimbalwa kulo mhlahlandlela.
Incazelo ye-Hindsight Bias
I-Hindsight bias iwuhlobo lokuchema kobuhlakani okwenza abantu bakholwe ukuthi isehlakalo esithile esidlule besingabikezelwa noma singenakugwemeka. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba abantu bavame ukukholelwa ukuthi bayawazi umphumela womcimbi wezemidlalo, isu lebhizinisi, noma ukuthi ubudlelwano buzohamba kanjani.
Abantu bakholelwa ukuthi bangabikezela umphumela womcimbi nangaphambi kokuba uqale.
Ingabe benza lezi zibikezelo ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwezibalo noma umuzwa nje ongaphakathi? Nokho, ngokubona kwami, ngicabanga ukuthi kungaphezu kokuba nomuzwa kunokuhamba ngezibalo noma izibalo.
Kulezi zinsuku sibona abantu bebikezela izimo ezihlukene zokuthi izenzakalo zesikhathi esizayo zizohamba kanjani. Bazibona ngeso lengqondo lezi zimo ezihlukahlukene kodwa empeleni, abaqiniseki ukuthi yiziphi ezizokwenzeka.
Noma ngabe yisiphi isimo esizodlalwa ngemuva kokubikezela kwabo, abantu bazofana nokuthi “Bakubonile kuza”. Kodwa ingabe baqale basicabangela isimo esigcina siphumelele?
Ukuchema kwe-Hindsight kungenzeka lapho umcimbi obikezelwe uveza umphumela ongemuhle. Abantu bavame ukunaka kakhulu umphumela omubi wezenzakalo kunomphumela omuhle.
Ukuchema kwe-Hindsight kungenza abantu bacabange ukuthi "bazi" ubudlelwano bezithandani ngeke buhlale.
Funda futhi: Iyini Imiqondo Yezenhlalo? (Amathiphu kubafundi)
Izibonelo ze-Hindsight Bias
Ake sibheke izibonelo ezimbalwa zokubheka emuva.
Ebudlelwaneni
Ukuchema kwe-Hindsight kungenza abantu bacabange ukuthi "bazi" ubudlelwano bezithandani ngeke buhlale.
Singakwazi ukukhomba ngempela Amafulegi Abomvu ngaphambi kokuba abadala ababili baqale ubuhlobo? Sivame ukuzwa amagama anjengokuthi “Bengazi ukuthi unenkinga” noma izinto ezinjengokuthi “Ngizamile ukukutshela ukuthi ubeyizindaba ezimbi”.
Ukuthola umaqondana ophelele wobudlelwano obuhlala isikhathi eside kungabandakanya ukungena ohlwini 'lokungeyena umuntu olungile'. Ukusesha uzakwethu ophelele nohambisanayo kuyingxenye yohambo.
Ubudlelwano kwesinye isikhathi abuhambi ngendlela esilindele ukuthi bube ngayo. Yebo, ukuphuma ngosuku lokuqala kuvame ukujabulisa futhi kuyinto ekhumbulekayo.
Ekuqaleni kobudlelwano, siziba ukuziphatha kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo esingeke sikubekezelele isikhathi eside. Mhlawumbe akusona isikhathi sokuqala ukukhononda futhi ukunikeza isikhathi kuzoshintsha isimo.
Kodwa, lapho izinto ziqala ukungahambi kahle futhi singasakwazi ukuzibamba, sincika ekubhekeni emuva kanye nomngane othembekile. Yilapho abangani bethu abaseduze beqala khona ukusho izinto ezinjengokuthi "Bengazi ukuthi lokhu kuzokwenzeka".
Ukuzijayeza Stock
Ukuba a umthengisi wamasheya ochwepheshe kuhilela ukucindezeleka okukhulu. Abantu abakulo mkhakha babhekana nengcindezi futhi ukungalungile mayelana nezitoko kungaba nomthelela ekuzethembeni komuntu.
Eqinisweni, abathengisi bamasheya babonisa ukuchema, ikakhulukazi emhlanganweni weqembu. Kungase kubanjwe umhlangano weqembu ukuze kuxoxwe ngezinto ezingase zibe khona kanye nendlela eya phambili.
Phakathi nalo mhlangano weqembu, kuzovezwa imibono eminingana kanti eminye izoba eyesitoko esithile kanti eminye izophikisana nezitoko ezithile.
Ngemva komhlangano, ithimba lanquma ukukhetha amasheya ambalwa elizotshala kuwo. Lichitha izigidi lithenga inani lamasheya. Uma elinye lamasheya lihluleka, kuzohlala kunokusabela okuningana kumphumela wakamuva.
Abantu bazoqala ukusho izinto eziningi njengokuthi “Bengazi ukuthi lokhu kuzokwenzeka” noma “Bengazi ukuthi kuzokwehla”.
Ukusho izinto ezinjengalezi akusisizi isimo futhi akumenzi umuntu azizwe engcono. Kodwa umuntu osho la mazwi cishe ngeke athinteke kulo mphumela omubi.
Sethula Imikhiqizo Emisha
Ebhizinisini, umgomo uwukuba usungule, ukhiqize imikhiqizo emisha ukuze uhehe amakhasimende. Nokho, ukwethula umkhiqizo omusha kudinga izinsiza eziningi.
Inkampani ingase ichithe izigidi kuCwaningo Nokuthuthukiswa ukuthola umkhiqizo omusha. Ukuze inkampani yethule umkhiqizo wayo omusha emphakathini, kuzodingeka ukuthi isebenzise imali eyengeziwe ekukhangiseni.
Uma umkhiqizo omusha owethulwa emphakathini ungaphumeleli futhi kulahleke izigidi ezichithwa ekukhiqizeni nasekukhangiseni, abantu bazokhuluma.
Lokhu ikakhulukazi kuzoba ngabathatha izinqumo abakhala ngokungabi nolwazi olwanele. Uzobona ukwenzelela emuva esenzweni njengoba abathatha izinqumo bezobe bekhononda.
Funda futhi: 15 Izibonelo Zokuziphatha Ezivumelana Nezimo
NgoMsombuluko Morning Quarterback
Umdlalo omuhle webhola laseMelika ubukwa izigidi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi seSuper Bowl.
Eqinisweni, abalandeli bebhola laseMelika bavame ukugxeka izenzo zabadlali nabaqeqeshi. Sinabasubathi abaningi abanesipiliyoni seminyaka emdlalweni.
Amaqembu aku-NFL abhalansile futhi noma yiliphi iqembu lingawina umdlalo walo nganoma iluphi usuku. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukubikezela imiphumela yemidlalo kunzima.
Kodwa akuvimbeli ukubuyiselwa emuva ngoMsombuluko ekuseni ehhovisi.
Abalandeli bakanobhutshuzwayo bavame ukusho okumbalwa ukuthi umqeqeshi “bekufanele azi kangcono” ukuthi umdlalo uzobizwa ngelinye iqembu.
Amaphutha Ezepolitiki
Osopolitiki bavame ukubonwa njengabantu abangenalwazi nabangenasithunzi. Sibabiza ngokungafaneleki ngenxa yezifiso zabo zobugovu.
Sibabiza ngokungafaneleki futhi abanobugovu ngenxa yezithembiso zabo eziyize, izinqumo ezingezinhle, nokungaphathwa kahle kwezimali zokuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda ethile.
Siyakhala ngokusebenza kwabo ezikhundleni kodwa uma sinikwa ithuba lokuba kuleso sikhundla, akukho okuhlukile esikwenzayo. Ukuba usopolitiki kudinga okungaphezu kwalokho esikucabangayo.
Kunzima ukuthola usopolitiki oyedwa ophelele ozojabulisa wonke umuntu ngokusebenza kwakhe ehhovisi.
Uthisha Ekhuza Umfundi
Othisha ezikhathini eziningi bakhuza abafundi babo ngezinqumo ezithile abazenzile ezingathathwa njengeziyisiphukuphuku ngaleso sikhathi.
Ukuziphatha kwengane kubonisa ukuthi inolwazi oluncane futhi ayikwazi ukwenza izinqumo ngokwayo. Basesezingeni eliphansi lokukhula kwempilo.
Masivume ukuthi izingane zingase zicasule ngezinye izikhathi futhi lokhu kungase kubangele abantu abadala bathethise ngazo. Othisha ngokwesibonelo ngezinye izikhathi bathethisa izingane.
Ingane kufanele ithathe isiyalo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yimuphi umzamo owenziwa ekuqaleni ukwenza izinto ngendlela efanele.
Uthisha nokho wenze amaphutha amaningi empilweni yakhe yonke. Isikhundla akuso njengamanje simnika ilungelo lokwahlulela ingane.
Funda futhi: Yiziphi Izibonelo Zokuhlaziya Inkulumo?
Ipuleti Eliphukile
Njengomuntu omdala, unquma ukuhlanza ikhabethe ekhishini lakho. Uthatha ipuleti, ulibeke phezu kwekhawunta.
Uqhubeka nokuhlanza kwakho futhi ushaye ipuleti ngephutha ekhawunteni. Ipuleti liyaphihlika phansi ekhishini: oh cha!
Manje kufanele ukuhlanze lokho futhi ungase uzisole futhi uthi “Bekufanele ngabe ngazi ukuthi ngingalibeki leli puleti ekhawunteni”.
Ukuzigxeka ngokungakwazi ukubona kusengaphambili ukuthi bekuzokwenzekani ngepuleti kuyisibonelo sokuchema.
Ukubhejwa Ngamahhashi
Kunamathrekhi amaningi avumela ukubheja futhi azohlinzeka ngamabhukwana amancane ngolwazi ngamahhashi kuwo wonke umjaho.
Le ncwajana encane izoqukatha ulwazi oluthile mayelana nehhashi ngalinye njengokuthi linesisindo esingakanani kanye nerekhodi lalo lomjaho, kanye nethrekhi eliyenza ngokucokeme kakhulu.
Ukubheja amahhashi kumnandi futhi kujabulisa kakhulu ukuwabuka egabavula ngesivinini. Yize kumnandi futhi kujabulisa lokhu kodwa ukuqagela ukuthi yiliphi ihhashi elizodla umhlanganiso kulo mjaho kunzima kakhulu.
Yiqiniso, abantu babikezela futhi bayawina futhi balahlekelwe izikhathi eziningi.
Noma ngabe uthini umphumela walo mjaho, uyohlale uzwa abantu ekupheleni komjaho bethi “Bengazi ukuthi uzowina”. Lesi ngesinye sezibonelo zokuchema, ucabanga ukuthi uyazi ukuthi izinto zizohamba kanjani ngaphambi kokuthi ziqale.
Izinqumo Zokuqasha
Abafake izicelo zomsebenzi cishe bazokwethula i-resume enhle kakhulu futhi benze kahle kunhlolokhono.
Ukusebenza okugculisayo kunhlolokhono kungenzeka kungadlali ngendlela efanayo emsebenzini. Isisebenzi singasebenza kahle emsebenzini waso noma ukusiqasha kungaba yiphutha elikhulu enkampanini.
Njengoba umnyango wakwa-HR unomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqasha, uchwepheshe wakwa-HR uzothi “Bengazi ukuthi bebewufanele umsebenzi” uma ukuqashwa kwakamuva kuphumelela. Uma izinto bezingahambi njengoba bekuhleliwe, umphathi wakwa-HR angase athi “Bengazi ukuthi bebengaphelele emsebenzini”.
Funda futhi: 10 Izibonelo Zokucabanga Eziyindilinga
Izenzo Zezempi
Sibambene emphinjeni kwazise sesikwazi ukuhamba siqondile. Kuwo wonke umlando, kuye kwaba nezimpi eziningi futhi kwahlaselwa amazwe.
Ekuqaleni kwe-21st ngekhulu leminyaka, umhlaba ufakaza i-United States ihlasela i-Iraq ngokusekelwe ekusoleni ukuthi izwe lase-Asia linesikhali esibhubhisayo. AbaseMelika bathi banobufakazi bokuthi i-Iraq yayiphethe izikhali ezinjalo zokucekela phansi okukhulu.
Ukuhlasela kwaphela futhi akutholakalanga lutho njengoba babesho abaseMelika.
Ngemva kwalokhu, izintatheli eziningi zaqala ukushintsha izindaba zazo. Ngaphambi kokuhlasela kwe-Iraq, bekunemibhalo eminingi esekela umbono wokuthi izwe linezikhali zokucekela phansi okukhulu.
Isiphetho
I-Hindsight bias iwuhlobo lokuchema kobuhlakani okwenza abantu bakholwe ukuthi isehlakalo esithile esidlule besingabikezelwa noma singenakugwemeka. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba abantu bavame ukukholelwa ukuthi bayawazi umphumela womcimbi wezemidlalo, isu lebhizinisi, noma ukuthi ubudlelwano buzohamba kanjani.
Ukuchema kwe-Hindsight kungenzeka lapho umcimbi obikezelwe uveza umphumela ongemuhle. Abantu bavame ukunaka kakhulu umphumela omubi wezenzakalo kunomphumela omuhle.
Izincomo
- Izibonelo Zokufunda Eziyi-10 Ezingavumelani Amandla Nobuthakathaka
- Umehluko phakathi kwe-Expository kanye ne-Argumentative Essay
- Indlela Yokusebenzisa Impendulo Yesabelo
- Izindlela Ezingu-10 Zokusetha Okulindelwe Okuphezulu Ekilasini
- Izindlela Ezingu-10 Zokusetha Okulindelwe Okuphezulu Ekilasini
Okubhekwayo
- Scribbr: Iyini i-Hindsight Bias? | Incazelo & Izibonelo
- Usizo USolwazi: Izibonelo Eziyi-15 Zokuchema Emuva
- I-Nirandfar: I-Hindsight Bias: Kungani Wenza Izinqumo Ezimbi Zempilo
- JJJ Christensen-Szalanski, CF Willham – Ukuziphatha kwenhlangano kanye …, 1991: Ukuchema kokubheka emuva: Ukuhlaziywa kwemeta
- NJ Roese, KD Vohs – Imibono ngesayensi yezengqondo, 2012; Ukuchema kwe-Hindsight
- U-RF Pohl, E Erdfelder - Imibono yokucabanga, 2016: I-Hindsight bia
shiya impendulo