Ukuba ngumbhali wezonyango kunokuba lolona khetho lubalaseleyo lomsebenzi ukuba unobuchule bokubhala kwaye unemvelaphi kwisayensi okanye kwezamayeza. Ababhali bezonyango benza umxholo malunga nempilo kunye neyeza kubaphulaphuli abahlukeneyo, njengezigulana, oogqirha, okanye abaphandi. Basenokubhala amanqaku, iingxelo, okanye kwanezinto zokufunda.
Ukuze ube ngumbhali wezonyango ophumelelayo, kuyanceda ukuba nokuqonda kakuhle iingcamango zenzululwazi kunye nokukwazi ukuchaza iingcamango eziyinkimbinkimbi ngamagama alula. Kusenokufuneka uphande kwaye uqokelele ulwazi kwiingcali ukuze ubhale umxholo ochanekileyo noluncedo.
Kule ndima, unokusebenzela iinkampani ezixuba amayeza, imibutho yezempilo, okanye ukusebenzela abathengi abahlukeneyo. Imfuno yababhali bezonyango abanobuchule iyakhula kuba kusoloko kukho imfuneko yolwazi olucacileyo noluthembekileyo kwicandelo lezonyango.
Ukuze ube ngumbhali wezonyango, unokucinga ngokufumana amava ngokusebenzisa i-internship, ukuthatha izifundo ezifanelekileyo, okanye ukufumana izatifikethi zokubhalwa kwezonyango. Yintsimi enomvuzo apho unokuba negalelo ekusasazeni ulwazi malunga nempilo ngelixa usebenzisa izakhono zakho zokubhala.
Yintoni uBhalo lwezoNyango?
Ubhalo lwezonyango ngumsebenzi okhethekileyo apho abantu babhala iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamaxwebhu okhathalelo lwempilo, izixhobo zonyango, okanye mayeza. La maxwebhu anokuba ngawenzululwazi, okufundisa, okanye okwazisa.
Ababhali bezonyango banomsebenzi obalulekileyo: bathatha ulwazi oluntsonkothileyo lwezonyango, njengeziphumo zolingo lweklinikhi, kwaye baluguqule lube ngamaxwebhu anokuthi nabani na awaqonde. Abaphulaphuli babo basenokuba ngabalawuli, oogqirha, izigulana, okanye uluntu ngokubanzi.
Yicinge njengokwenza izinto zonyango ezinobuqhophololo ziqondeke kumntu wonke. Kuya kufuneka balunge ngokwenene ekuthatheni ulwazi oluntsonkothileyo kwaye baluchaze ngokucacileyo nangokulula.
Ezinye izihloko zemisebenzi ezenza umsebenzi ofanayo nababhali bezonyango zibandakanya umnxibelelanisi wezonyango, umbhali wezobugcisa, intatheli yezempilo, kunye nomthengisi wezempilo. Zonke zibandakanya ukubhala ngezinto ezinxulumene nempilo, ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo okanye ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Ke, ukuba kukho umntu obhalayo kwaye uyalithanda icandelo lezonyango, ezi ndima zinokuba yimpumelelo.
Yintoni indima yoMbhali wezoNyango?
Umbhali wezonyango unoluhlu oluhlukeneyo lwemisebenzi esekelwe kuhlobo lokubhalwa kwezonyango abagxile kulo. Olu xanduva lubandakanya:
- Ukwenza lula ulwazi oluntsonkothileyo: Ababhali bezonyango batolika idatha entsonkothileyo yenzululwazi kunye nophando lwezonyango besebenzisa ukuqonda kwabo amagama ezonyango. Bandula ke bayile ulwazi ngendlela efanele abaphulaphuli. Ngokomzekelo, banokusebenzisa ijagoni yobugcisa kumaxwebhu ajoliswe koogqirha kunye nolwimi olulula kwizinto ezilungiselelwe izigulana.
- Ukuqinisekisa iMigangatho yoPapasho: Kubalulekile ukuba ababhali bezonyango babambelele kwizikhokelo ezithile malunga nolwakhiwo, umxholo, kunye nokufomathwa kwamaxwebhu. Oku kuthotyelwa kuqinisekisa ukuba imathiriyeli iyahlangabezana nemigangatho efunekayo yolawulo neyokuhlela.
- Ukusebenzisana neengcaphephe: Ababhali bezonyango bahlala besebenzisana nabaphandi, izazinzulu kunye noogqirha. Le ntsebenziswano ijolise ekunxibelelaneni ngokufanelekileyo ngolwazi lwezonyango ngokudibanisa izakhono zabo zokubhala kunye nolwazi lweengcali zezifundo.
Ukongeza, ababhali bezonyango badlala indima ebalulekileyo kukhathalelo lwempilo kunye namashishini amayeza. Benza amaxwebhu afana namaphepha ophando, ukuhanjiswa okulawulwayo, kunye izixhobo zokufunda isigulane, inegalelo elibalulekileyo ekusasazweni kolwazi lwezonyango olubalulekileyo kubaphulaphuli abahlukeneyo.
Funda kwakhona: IiNkampani ezili-10 zoBonelelo lwezoNyango
Iintlobo zeMisebenzi yokuBhala yezoNyango
Ukuba ucinga ngomsebenzi wonxibelelwano lwezonyango, ukuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeendima zokubhala kwezonyango kubalulekile. Nazi iindidi ezine eziphambili:
1. UBhalo lwezoNyango lweMfundo:
Olu hlobo lokubhalwa kwezonyango lugxile ekudaleni izixhobo zokufundisa zombini abaqeqeshi bezempilo kunye nezigulane malunga neziyobisi kunye nezixhobo zonyango. Ibandakanya umxholo ofumaneka kwiincwadi zezifundo zonyango, iijenali, amaphecana azisa amayeza amatsha, kunye nezixhobo zokufunda Ukuqhubeka kweMfundo yezoNyango (CME) iinkqubo. Injongo kukwazisa kunye nokufundisa, ukwenza ulwazi lwezonyango olunzima lufikeleleke kubaphulaphuli abahlukeneyo.
2. Ubuntatheli bezoNyango:
La manqaku abhalelwe iimagazini namaphephandaba, elungiselela uluntu ngokubanzi. Ngokungafaniyo namanqaku ejenali yezonyango yenzululwazi, enziwe ukuba aqondwe lula ngabantu abangenamvelaphi yezonyango. Injongo kukunxibelelana ngolwazi lwezonyango ngendlela ebandakanyayo neqondakalayo kubaphulaphuli ababanzi.
3. Intengiso yezonyango:
Ababhali kulo mmandla benza umxholo ojolise ekukhuthazeni nasekuthengiseni iziyobisi kunye nezixhobo zonyango. Imizekelo ibandakanya iincwadana zoqeqesho lokuthengisa kubameli bamachiza kunye neencwadana ezisasazwa kwiiofisi zoogqirha ukwazisa izigulane ngamayeza ahlukeneyo okanye unyango. Injongo kukuthengisa ngokufanelekileyo iimveliso zonyango kubachaphazelekayo abahlukeneyo.
4. UBhalo lwezoNyango oluLawulwayo:
Ii-arhente ezilawulayo ezifana noLawulo lokuTya kunye neDrugs (i-FDA) zigunyazisa izixhobo zonyango kunye neenkampani zamachiza ukuba zivelise amaxwebhu athile ukuze kuvunywe imveliso. La maxwebhu, njengeengxelo zophononongo lwezonyango, ukhuseleko kunye nezishwankathelo ezisebenzayo, amabali ezifundo, kunye nokufakwa kwiphakheji yeziyobisi, ayimfuneko ekuthotyelweni kwemigangatho yolawulo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwemveliso kunye nokusebenza.
Udidi ngalunye lokubhalwa kwezonyango lufuna izakhono ezikhethekileyo kunye nolwazi, ukulungiselela abaphulaphuli abahlukeneyo kunye neenjongo kwishishini lezempilo.
Funda kwakhona: Izikolo ezingama-44 eziBalaseleyo zezoNyango ezikwinqanaba lase-UK
Indlela Yokuba Ngumbhali Wezonyango
Ukufumana ikhondo lomsebenzi wokubhala ubugqirha akulandeli indlela emiselweyo, kodwa kukho amanyathelo anokuthatyathwa onokuwathatha ukulungisa indlela yohambo olunempumelelo kunxibelelwano lwezonyango.
1. IiMfuno zeMfundo kwiMisebenzi yokuBhala yezoNyango
Ukulandela umsebenzi wokubhala ubugqirha, ukuba nesidanga se-bachelor kumacandelo anje ngeyeza, isayensi (njengebhayoloji), okanye isiNgesi kubalulekile. Abaqeshwa badla ngokukhetha abaviwa abanemvelaphi yezonyango okanye isayensi yobomi kwezi ndima. Ngelixa izidanga kubuntatheli okanye isiNgesi zinokuba luncedo, ukuzidibanisa namava asebenzayo kwindawo yezonyango kukhulisa amathuba akho kakhulu.
Ngelixa kunganyanzelekanga ukuba ube nesidanga esiphezulu, ababhali abaninzi bezonyango abaphumeleleyo babambe esinye. Ukufumana idigri ephezulu kunokunyusa umtsalane wakho njengomgqatswa womsebenzi. Ukufumana amava kwicandelo lezonyango kunye neziqinisekiso zakho zemfundo kubalulekile. Ibonisa ukuqonda kwakho iikhonsepthi zonyango, ikwenza ube ngumfaki-sicelo onomtsalane ngakumbi kukhuphiswano lokubhalwa kwezonyango.
2. Thatha iiKhosi ze-Intanethi zeZakhono zokuBhala zezoNyango
Cinga ngokubhalisa kwiikhosi zokubhala zonyango kwi-intanethi ukuze ufumane izakhono ezixabisekileyo kule ndawo. Iinkqubo ezininzi ezisekelwe kwi-intanethi ziyafikeleleka, zibonelela ngolwazi olubanzi ekubhaleni kwezonyango. Ngokomzekelo, i-American Medical Writers Association (AMWA) idume ngezifundo zayo ezihloniphekileyo kwesi sizinda.
Yandisa isakhono sakho ngokutshintsha izifundo zakho. Funa iikhosi ngokubanzi ezigubungela ukubhala kwenzululwazi kunye nobugcisa kunye nezifundo zokubhala ezikhethekileyo zonyango. Okukhona amava akho okubhala ebanzi, kokukhona uzibamba ngamandla iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubhala kunye nobuchule bokubhala.
Ezi zifundo azifundisi nje izinto ezisisiseko zokubhalwa kwezonyango kodwa zikwangena kubugocigoci bokunikela inkcazelo yenzululwazi ngokufanelekileyo. Ngoluhlu lwezifundo onazo, uya kuxhotyiswa ngesakhono esilungeleleneyo esibalulekileyo ukuze uphumelele kwicandelo lokubhalwa kwezonyango.
3. Khetha ubuNgcali bakho boNyango
Ukufumana i-niche yakho kwicandelo lezonyango kubalulekile. Awukwazi ukugqwesa yonke into kwiyeza, ke gxila kwinto ehambelana nezakhono zakho kunye nezinto ozithanda. Cinga ngobuchule obahlukeneyo obusekwe koko ukonwabelayo kunye nalapho alele khona amandla akho.
Kubalulekile ukucinga ngeendawo ezithile ezikuthanda kakhulu kumayeza, njengotyando, izifo zabantwana, i-cardiology, okanye amanye amacandelo akhethekileyo. Ngokunciphisa ugxininiso lwakho, unokunikela ixesha kunye nomgudu wakho wokuba yingcali kwindawo ethile, ukwandisa amathuba akho okugqwesa kwintsimi oyikhethileyo.
4. Funda iziGama kunye neziKhokelo zokuBhala kwezoNyango
Ukugqwesa kubhalo lwezonyango, kubalulekile ukubamba amagama athile kwaye ulandele izikhokelo zobugcisa. Emva kokukhomba indawo yakho ekhethekileyo, jonga kwijargon yezonyango efanelekileyo kunye nemigaqo ephathelele kwi-niche yakho.
Izibonelelo ezixabisekileyo zezi zikhokelo zinokufunyanwa kwiiwebhusayithi ezisemthethweni zamaqumrhu alawulayo afana ne FDA. Ukongezelela, i IBhunga laMazwe ngaMazwe lokuDityaniswa kweeMfuno zobuGcisa kuMachiza okuSetyenziswa koLuntu (ICH) iwebhusayithi inikezela ngeembono ezibanzi.
Ukuziqhelanisa nezi sigama kunye nezikhokelo kuya kuphucula ubuchule bakho bokuyila umxholo wezonyango ochanekileyo kunye nohambelanayo, uqinisekise ukuthembeka kunye nokusebenza ekubhaleni kwakho ngaphakathi ebaleni.
5. Fumana amava aSebenzisayo kwiindima zokuBhala kwezonyango
Ukukhusela imisebenzi yokubhala yezonyango, kunenzuzo ukufumana amava okusebenza kuphando lwezonyango. Qala ngokufuna izikhundla zenqanaba lokungena kwimibutho yophando okanye njengomncedisi walebhu. Ezi ndima zibonelela ngokutyhileka okuxabisekileyo kwiiyantlukwano zemimandla kunye neendlela.
Ukusebenza kwiindawo ezinjalo kunika amathuba okufunda malunga nokuqokelela idatha, uhlalutyo, kunye nokubhala kwenzululwazi, ukuqinisa iziqinisekiso zakho kwiinzame zokubhala zonyango kwixesha elizayo.
Ukongeza, ukunxibelelana kule mibutho kungavula indlela yokuvula amathuba emisebenzi okanye ukuqeqeshwa. Ukwakha isiseko esiluqilima kuphando lwezonyango kuya kuwaphucula kakhulu amathuba akho kunye nobuchule ekuqhubeleni phambili umsebenzi wokubhala ngoogqirha.
Funda kwakhona: Ungeniswa njani kwisikolo sezonyango saseHarvard
6. Ukwakha iPotfoliyo yokuBhala yeZicelo zeMisebenzi
Ukudala ipotfoliyo kubalulekile xa ufaka isicelo somsebenzi. Abaqeshi bathanda ukubona iisampuli zokubhalela kwakho jonga izakhono zakho. Ipotfoliyo ibonisa izakhono zakho ngokufanelekileyo. Ungakhathazeki ukuba awukapapashwa ngaphambili.
Unokwenza amaxwebhu esampula ngokukhethekileyo kwipotifoliyo yakho. Bandakanya iziqwenga ezahlukeneyo-amanqaku, izincoko, okanye iingxelo-ukubonisa ukuguquguquka kwakho. Kwaneeprojekthi zobuqu okanye iziqwenga zesikolo zinokuba zizongezo ezixabisekileyo.
Qinisekisa ukuba ipotifoliyo yakho icwangciswe kakuhle kwaye ifikeleleka lula, nokuba yedijithali okanye ishicilelwe. Lithuba lakho lokubonisa italente yakho kwaye uthathe ingqalelo yabaqeshi abanokuba ngabaqeshi, ubonisa ukuba uwulungele umsebenzi.
7. Yiba nguMbhali wezoNyango oQinisekisiweyo kunye ne-AMWA okanye i-EMWA
Ukuba lilungu le-American Medical Writers Association (AMWA) ivula iingcango zamathuba abalulekileyo kwinkalo yokubhalwa kwezonyango. Ubulungu abuncedi nje ekufumaneni izatifikethi ezibalulekileyo kodwa bukwanika nofikelelo kubutyebi bemithombo yobugcisa, etyebisa amathemba omsebenzi.
Kwabo baseYurophu, i-European Medical Writers Association (EMWA) izibuko iminikelo ye-AMWA, ejongene neemfuno ezifanayo zobuchwephesha ekubhaleni kwezonyango. Ukujoyina naluphi na umbutho kunika indlela eya ekuvunyweni kunye nobutyebi bezinto zokuphucula uhambo lomsebenzi kwisigaba sokubhalwa kwezonyango, nokuba undawoni na.
8. Ukwandisa uQhagamshelwano lweMisebenzi yokuBhala yezoNyango
Ukuba nothungelwano olomeleleyo kubalulekile ekufumaneni iigigi zokubhala zonyango. Ukujoyina i-AMWA kunika ufikelelo kwiindibano kunye nemisitho, ikunxibelelanisa nabo banokuba ngabaqeshi. Hlala unxibelelana noogxa bakho bangaphambili kwiindima zonyango ezidlulileyo-kudla ngokukhokelela kwiinkokeli zomsebenzi. Ngaphandle koko, jonga iibhodi zemisebenzi kunye namaqonga ezentlalo ukukhangela amathuba okuvula.
Ukuzibandakanya nenethiwekhi yakho, ukuya kwimisitho yoshishino, kunye nokuhlala uqhagamshelwe ngenkuthalo kunokwandisa kakhulu amathuba akho okufumana umsebenzi ongaguqukiyo kubhalo lwezonyango. Ezi nzame zandisa ukubonakala kwakho kwaye zivule iingcango kumathuba amaninzi ngaphakathi ebaleni.
Shiya iMpendulo