Anthu ambiri ku United States tsopano ayamba kudya zakudya zokhala ndi zomera monga zamasamba, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kusadya nyama. Kusankha zakudya izi kumalumikizidwa ndi magulu osiyanasiyana a anthu komanso zikhulupiriro zamakhalidwe abwino. Komabe, magwero a chizoloŵezi chapadziko lonse chimenechi amafalikira kupyola zisonkhezero za Kumadzulo, kufikira ku zikhalidwe za Aasiya, Afirika, ndi Amwenye. Ndikofunikira kuzindikira zoyambira zosiyanasiyanazi, zomwe sizingadziwike tikamafufuza maphikidwe pa intaneti kapena kuyitanitsa kutenga.
Kudya zamasamba kumabwera m'njira zosiyanasiyana, chilichonse chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake. Anthu amasankha kutsatira zakudya izi pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo thanzi, kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe, komanso malingaliro abwino. Mwa kutsatira zakudya zokhala ndi zomera zambiri, anthu angasangalale ndi mapindu osiyanasiyana. Ubwinowu ukuphatikiza osati kukhala ndi moyo wamunthu komanso zimathandizira kukulitsa zolinga za chikhalidwe ndi chilengedwe.
Pamene kutchuka kwa zakudya zochokera ku zomera kukukulirakulirabe, ndikofunikira kuyamikira kusiyana kwa chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale zomwe zapangitsa kuti zakudya izi zitheke. Kaya motsogozedwa ndi zikhumbo za thanzi, zikhulupiriro zamakhalidwe abwino, kapena chidziwitso cha chilengedwe, ulendo wopita ku moyo wokhazikika ku zomera umakhala ndi zikoka zambiri zochokera padziko lonse lapansi.
Kodi Vegetarianism ndi chiyani?
Kudya zamasamba ndi njira yodyera yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri zakudya zochokera ku mbewu monga nyemba, nyemba, zipatso, ndi mbewu, kupatula nyama yanyama. Amene amatsatira zakudya zamasamba akhoza kuphatikizapo nyama monga uchi, mazira, ndi mkaka, ndi zosiyana monga lacto-zamasamba omwe amadya mkaka koma osati mazira. Ma vegans amapita patsogolo popatula zinthu zonse zanyama. Chochititsa chidwi n’chakuti, anthu ena amene amati ndi osadya masamba amadyabe nsomba.
Anthu amatengera zamasamba pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kudera nkhawa za thanzi la nyama komanso kudzipereka ku thanzi. Kusankha zakudya izi kungakhale nkhani yaumwini kapena yapagulu, zomwe zimathandizira kuti anthu azidziwika. Odyera zamasamba nthawi zambiri amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake, kupanga midzi potengera zomwe adakumana nazo.
Miyezo yazamasamba imasiyana pakati pa anthu ndi magulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zomwe zimachitika pazakudya zamasamba ndi zamasamba. Makamaka, mabungwe ngati PETA asintha maudindo awo pakapita nthawi. Mwachitsanzo, PETA kamodzi analoledwa kudya mazira kuchokera ku mbalame zomwe zimasamalidwa bwino, koma izi zachotsedwa pa zomwe zikuchitika panopa.
Mizu ndi Kufalikira kwa Zamasamba M'mbiri yonse
Zakudya zamasamba, kapena zakudya zomwe sizimapatula nyama m'malo mwazakudya zamasamba, zili ndi mbiri yozama yolumikizidwa ndi zikhulupiliro zosiyanasiyana. Mchitidwewu unayambika kalekale, ndi umboni wolembedwa wopezeka m’zolemba zachipembedzo za m’zaka za zana lachisanu BC India. Kulamulira kwa Britain ku India m'zaka za zana la 17 ndi 18 kudapangitsa kuti anthu a ku Europe adziwike ndi kutchuka kwa zamasamba.
Anthu amwenye ku America nawonso anali ndi zakudya zoyambirira zochokera ku zomera. A Choctaw, omwe amakhala ku Mississippi ndi Oklahoma masiku ano, anali alimi omwe anali ndi chakudya chochokera ku mbewu chomwe chimaphatikizapo chimanga chachikulu, dzungu, ndi mphodza. Mofananamo, Aaziteki ndi Amaya analera ana awo monga odya zamasamba, akumachirikiza ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu, nyemba, zipatso, ndi ndiwo zamasamba zopezeka m’makhichini amakono.
Miyambo ya ku Africa, makamaka ku Ethiopia, yakhala ikutsatira zakudya zamagulu ochepa chifukwa chotsatira Kusala kudya kwa Tchalitchi cha Orthodox cha ku Ethiopia. Ku Jamaica m'zaka za m'ma 1930, ma Rastafari, otsutsa ulamuliro wa atsamunda a ku Britain, adayambitsa gulu la anthu okonda zamasamba akuda omwe adawona umulungu wauzimu mwa mtsogoleri wa Ethiopia Haile Selassie.
Kukana kwa Aitiopiya polimbana ndi kuukira kwa Italiya mu 1896 kunathandizira kwambiri kukulitsa malingaliro odana ndi atsamunda ndipo kunathandizira kukhazikitsidwa kwa chipembedzo cha Rasta. Zakudya za ku Ethiopia, monga zakudya za Rastafarian "Ital", zimakhala ndi mbiri yodziwika bwino yolimbana ndi kuponderezana, kupambana kwa Ethiopia kukuwonetsa kukana kugawanika kwa European mu Africa. Masiku ano, kulumikizana kwa mbiri yakale uku kukupitilizabe kulimbikitsa ndikulimbikitsa mayendedwe osiyanasiyana a zamasamba padziko lonse lapansi.
Komanso Werengani: Kalozera Wathunthu wa Zakudya zaku India
Ubwino Wosankha Moyo Wosadya Zamasamba
Anthu ambiri amasankha kutsatira zakudya zamasamba pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chimodzi chachikulu ndicho kukhala ndi thanzi labwino. Ena amakhulupirira kuti kupewa nyama kungathandize kusintha moyo wawo wonse. Chifukwa china ndi kuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe ndi nyama. Posadya nyama, anthu amafuna kuchepetsa mphamvu zawo padziko lapansi komanso kuchitira chifundo nyama.
Ku India, pafupifupi munthu mmodzi mwa anthu atatu alionse amatsatira zakudya zamasamba. Izi zili choncho chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha anthu chomwe chimalepheretsa kudya nyama. Komabe, kuyeza molondola kwa anthu kumamatira ku zakudya zomwe amasankha kungakhale kovuta chifukwa cha zitsenderezo za anthu.
Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zachuma zimathandizira pazakudya. Anthu ena angasankhe kudya zakudya zamasamba chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ndalama zomwe amapeza, amakhala kumidzi, kapena kukhala otalikirana ndi chikhalidwe chawo. Izi zikuwunikira zinthu zosiyanasiyana za chikhalidwe cha anthu zomwe zimakhudza kadyedwe ndipo zimatha kusokoneza kumvetsetsa kwa ofufuza pazakudya.
Ponseponse, chigamulo chofuna kukhala ndi moyo wosadya zamasamba chimatengera thanzi, chidwi cha chilengedwe, zikhalidwe, komanso momwe chuma chikuyendera.
Zokonda Zamasamba Zowona ndi Mitundu Ina
Lingaliro la "wamasamba weniweni" alibe tanthauzo lovomerezeka padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, ofufuza nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mawu amenewa pofuna kudziwa anthu amene amapewa kudya nyama, nkhuku, ndi nsomba. Gululi likuwoneka lofunikira m'maphunziro amaphunziro omwe amayang'ana kwambiri machitidwe a anthu, makamaka chifukwa cha zomwe apeza kuchokera ku kafukufuku wazakudya ku United States. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, anthu ambiri omwe amadziwika kuti ndi odyetsera zamasamba amakhalabe ndi nyama m'zakudya zawo.
Pofuna kuthana ndi kusiyana kumeneku pazakudya, ofufuza apanga mawu owonjezera monga "odya zamasamba" kapena "odya zamasamba anthawi yochepa" pofotokoza za omwe amatsatira kwambiri zakudya zamasamba koma nthawi zina amadya nyama. Gulu lina laling'ono, lotchedwa pesco-vegetarians, limaphatikizapo anthu omwe amadya nsomba, mkaka, ndi mazira koma osadya nyama yamtundu wina.
Nthawi zambiri, mawu oti "wamasamba weniweni" sangakhale ndi tanthauzo lomveka bwino, koma kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake kamakhala kothandiza pakumvetsetsa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yazakudya zomwe zili mkati mwazamasamba. Ochita kafukufuku amagwiritsa ntchito maguluwa kuti azitha kusiyanitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zakudya komanso kumvetsetsa zovuta zomwe zimachitika m'madyedwe a anthu.
Kodi Odya Zamasamba Ndi Achinyengo?
Anthu ambiri odyetsera zamasamba amadzudzula odya zamasamba, kuwaona ngati onyenga chifukwa chodya zinthu zanyama monga mkaka ndi mazira. Komabe, maganizo amenewa amapangitsa kuti pakhale zifukwa zosiyanasiyana zomwe anthu amasankhira zamasamba, monga momwe bungwe la Vegetarian Resource Group linafotokozera. Zifukwa izi zimachokera pazachuma komanso nkhawa zathanzi, kutengera chilengedwe, zokonda zokonda, chifundo kwa nyama, ndi mfundo zosiyanasiyana zamakhalidwe. Kwenikweni, odya zamasamba ndi anthu amene sadya nyama, kuphatikizapo nsomba ndi nkhuku.
Zovuta kwambiri, ena odzitcha osadya masamba nthawi zina amadya nyama, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta pazokambirana za mawuwo. Pamene odya zamasamba, mosonkhezeredwa ndi malingaliro amakhalidwe abwino monga kupeŵa kuvulaza nyama, adya nyama, angakhale ndi mkangano pakati pa zikhulupiriro ndi zochita zawo.
Kusagwirizana pakati pa malingaliro ndi machitidwe ndi mtundu wina wachinyengo, ngakhale kuti mawuwa ali ndi malingaliro oipa. Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, anthu angagwiritse ntchito njira monga kupewa maganizo okhudza nyama zoweta kapena kusankha nyama zomwe sizifanana kwenikweni ndi nyama zoyambirira.
Pofuna kusintha zizoloŵezi za ogula, ochirikiza nyama apeza kuti kugogomezera chinyengo cha makhalidwe sikungakhale njira yabwino koposa. Kafukufuku wa 2021 ndi Humane League UK adawonetsa kuti kuwonetsa thanzi labwino la nsomba zoweta kunali kolimbikitsa kulimbikitsa ma signature opempha kuposa mauthenga okhudza chinyengo chamakampani pakati pa masitolo akuluakulu. Makamaka, mauthenga okhudza chinyengo chamakampani adalumikizananso ndi anthu omwe amadana ndi makampani mu kafukufukuyu.
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Mitundu Yazakudya Zamasamba
Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe anthu amasankha kudya ngati osadya zamasamba. Mitundu iwiri yodziwika bwino ndi Ovo-Lacto Vegetarianism ndi Zakudya Zamasamba. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti zomwe munthu amakonda komanso zomwe amakonda zimatha kubweretsa kusintha kwamtundu uliwonse.
- Ovo-Lacto Vegetarianism: Ovo-Lacto Vegetarians sadya nyama, koma amaphatikiza mkaka ndi mazira muzakudya zawo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amadya zinthu monga mkaka, tchizi, ndi whey. Gulu lina laling'ono mkati mwa gululi ndi Lacto-Vegetarians, omwe amadya mkaka koma amapewa nyama ndi mazira.
- Zakudya Zamasamba: Odya nyama amatengera kudzipereka kwawo pamlingo wina popatula nyama zonse pazakudya komanso moyo wawo, momwe angathere komanso momwe angathere. Zakudya zamasamba zimapitilira kupewa nyama; imachotsanso mazira, uchi, mkaka, ndi zakudya zina zilizonse zochokera ku nyama.
Kalozera Wosavuta Wazakudya kwa Odya Zamasamba
Bukuli limapereka chidziwitso cholunjika chochokera ku Vegan Health kuthandiza omwe amadya masamba kuti azidya moyenera. Kwa iwo omwe samadya mazira kapena mkaka, ndikofunikira kulabadira zakudya zina kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino.
1. Vitamini B12: Wofunika kwa Zanyama: Ma vegans osaphatikiza mazira ndi mkaka pazakudya zawo ayenera kuganizira za vitamini B12 zowonjezera ndikudya zakudya zolimbitsa thupi. Vitamini B12 imapezeka mu nyama, mazira, ndi mkaka, koma osati kawirikawiri muzakudya zochokera ku zomera. Mwamwayi, zowonjezera za B12 zochokera ku mabakiteriya, osati zanyama, zilipo.
2. Chitsulo: Zopangira Zomera: Ayironi ndi yofunika kwambiri kwa anthu osadya masamba, ndipo zakudya zosiyanasiyana za m’mbewu zimatha kupereka michere yofunika imeneyi. Phatikizani zinthu monga chimanga cha Mtedza wa Mphesa, chimanga chonse, molasi, mphodza, sipinachi, nyemba za impso, nyemba za garbanzo, Swiss chard, edamame, ndi nyemba za pinto muzakudya zanu. Limbikitsani kuyamwa kwa iron mwa kuphatikiza zakudya zokhala ndi vitamini C m'zakudya komanso kupewa zakudya zopatsa calcium panthawi yachakudya.
3. Zinc: Zosankha Zochokera ku Zomera: Zinc, yofunika kwambiri pa thanzi lathunthu, imapezeka muzomera monga oatmeal, tofu, ma cashews, njere za mpendadzuwa, nyemba za garbanzo, ndi mphodza. Ngakhale kuti zinc ndizochuluka muzakudya zamasamba, kuyamwa kumatha kukhala kovuta chifukwa cha phytates omwe amapezeka muzakudya zamasamba.
4. Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Yofunikira kwa Zamasamba: Ma vegans amatha kuwonetsetsa kuti akwaniritsa zofunikira zamafuta a omega-3 ofunikira pophatikiza mbewu za chia, nthangala za fulakisi, mtedza, soya, mafuta a soya, mafuta a canola, tofu, ndi tempeh muzakudya zawo. Webusayiti ya VeganHealth ikupereka malingaliro oti aganizire za kudya kupitilira kuchuluka kwatsiku ndi tsiku kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino.
Kusintha kwa Zakudya Zamasamba: Njira Zosavuta ndi Thandizo
Kupanga kusintha kwa zakudya zamasamba kungakhale kosavuta mothandizidwa ndi mapulogalamu ochokera ku mabungwe ku United States ndi ku Ulaya. Chimodzi mwazinthu zotere ndi tsamba la Sentient Media's Take Action. Zimapereka zida zosiyanasiyana zothandizira anthu paulendo wawo wopita ku zamasamba.
Tsamba la Sentient Media lili ndi gawo lotchedwa Dietary Change, lomwe limapereka zothandizira. Chimodzi mwazinthu izi ndi pulogalamu yolonjeza masiku 30. Pulogalamuyi imathandiza anthu pang'onopang'ono kusintha zakudya zamasamba popereka chitsogozo ndi chithandizo kwa mwezi umodzi.
Kuphatikiza apo, tsamba lawebusayiti limapereka zopempha zolimbikitsa zosankha zambiri zakubzala m'masukulu aboma. Izi cholinga chake ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti anthu, makamaka ophunzira, azitha kupeza zakudya zamasamba m'moyo wawo watsiku ndi tsiku.
Kuphatikiza apo, tsamba lawebusayiti likuwonetsa zochitika zina ndi zoyambitsa zomwe zimalimbikitsa kusakonda zamasamba. Zochitika izi zitha kupereka chithandizo chowonjezereka, chitsogozo, ndi chilimbikitso kwa anthu omwe akusintha zakudya zochokera ku zomera.
Ponseponse, zothandizira ngati Tsamba la Sentient Media la Take Action perekani chithandizo chofunikira kwa iwo omwe akufuna kusintha zakudya zamasamba. Ndi zida ndi mapulogalamuwa, anthu akhoza kusintha molimba mtima komanso mosavuta.
Komanso Werengani: Momwe Mungaphikire Impso Nyemba
Zimene Muyenera Kudziwa
Zakudya Zamasamba: Odya zamasamba amadya zakudya zosiyanasiyana monga zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, mtedza, mbewu, ndi nyemba. Amatha kuphika chakudya chosavuta kunyumba kapena kugula zakudya zopangidwa kale m'masitolo kapena malo odyera.
- Mapuloteni kwa Odya Zamasamba: Kuti apeze zomanga thupi, osadya masamba amadya zakudya monga nyemba, nandolo, mtedza, nyemba zakuda, ndi soya.
- Zakudya Zopewedwa ndi Odyera Zamasamba: Odya zamasamba samadya zakudya zokhala ndi nyama kapena nyama monga nyama yankhuku, nkhuku, ng’ombe, kapena supu yophikidwa ndi fupa.
- Ubwino Wokhala Wamasamba: Kusankha zakudya zamasamba kungachepetse chiopsezo cha matenda aakulu monga shuga, kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndi khansa. Ndi njira yochirikizira chisamaliro cha ziweto posadya zinthu zopangidwa ndi nyama. Kuphatikiza apo, kusadya zamasamba kumawonedwa ngati kwabwino kwa chilengedwe ndipo kungathandize kuthana ndi kusintha kwanyengo.
Siyani Mumakonda