Zikafika kwa agalu otentha, zomwe mukuwona sizingakhale zomwe mumapeza. Ngakhale kuti amatchulidwa kuti ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri, pali nyama yeniyeni yochepa mu agalu otentha. Zakudya zokondedwa za chilimwe za barbecue zimapangidwa ndi madzi ndi mafuta, zomwe makampani agalu otentha safuna kugawana nawo.
Agalu otentha, omwe amadziwikanso kuti frankfurters, franks, kapena wieners, ndi chisankho chodziwika bwino pamisonkhano yaku America. Komabe, kuseri kwa mawonekedwe awo odziwika bwino pali njira yomwe imasintha mabala ocheperako ofunikira kukhala soseji yokonzedwa. Nyama imaphwanyidwa ndi kusakaniza ndi mafuta ochuluka ndi madzi, zokometsera, zowonjezeredwa ndi kununkhira kwa utsi, ndikuphika muzokondweretsa zooneka ngati chubu.
M'gawo lomaliza la 2021, agalu otentha adangopanga 3.4% yokha ya nyama zonse zogulitsa ku US, zomwe zidatsalira kuseri kwa soseji zamadzulo koma kupitilira masoseji am'mawa kutchuka. Agalu otentha omwe amagulitsidwa kwambiri mufiriji ndi Bar-S, Ball Park, Oscar Mayer, ndi John Morrell, onse pamodzi akugulitsa mayunitsi 104.2 miliyoni m'masabata 12 otsogolera kumapeto kwa Januware 2022.
Mitundu yotchuka ya agalu otentha ku United States imaphatikizaponso Hebrew National, Nathan's, ndi masitolo monga Sam's Choice, Trader Joe's, ndi Whole Foods. Ndikuwoneka kowulula kapangidwe kake komanso kugulitsa kwazakudya zaku America.
Zenizeni za Kodi Hot Dogs Amapangidwa Ndi Chiyani?
Agalu otentha sangakhale ngati nyama monga momwe amawonekera, ngakhale kuti nyama imatchulidwa kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri. Zoonadi, zimapangidwa makamaka ndi madzi ndi mafuta, zomwe zimakhala ndi nyama yochepa chabe m'lingaliro wamba. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi yotsika kwambiri ndipo yasinthidwa kukhala chinthu chonyansa.
Pofufuza kapangidwe ka agalu otentha, zimawonekeratu kuti nyama yawo ndi yochepa. Ngakhale zitalembedwa kuti ndizofunika kwambiri, kuchuluka kwenikweni kwa nyama kumaphimbidwa ndi madzi ochulukirapo komanso mafuta ambiri. Nyama yokhayo ndi yamtundu wocheperako, popeza idakonzedwanso kuti isinthe kukhala chinthu chonga matope.
M'malo mwake, chowonadi chokhudza agalu otentha chagona pakupanga kwawo, kuwulula chinthu chomwe chimadalira kwambiri madzi ndi mafuta kuposa mtundu wa nyama. Nyama yamtundu wapansi ndi kusinthika kwake kukhala mawonekedwe a sludgy kumathandizira kuzindikira kuti agalu otentha sangakhale ngati nyama monga momwe amaganizira.
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Zomwe zili mu Hot Dogs?
Nthawi zambiri agalu amapangidwa kuchokera ku nyama yofiira monga ng'ombe, nkhumba, nkhumba, kapena nyama yamwana wang'ombe, ngakhale kuti ena ali ndi tirigu wosakanikirana. Masiku ano, mungapezenso agalu otentha omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku mapuloteni a zomera monga soya. Palinso matembenuzidwe opangidwa kuchokera ku nkhuku kapena Turkey.
Ku United States, Mitundu yotchuka ya galu yotentha muphatikizepo zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera ku ng'ombe, Turkey, nkhuku, kapena nkhumba. Anthu ena amasangalala ndi agalu a chimanga, agalu otentha odzaza ndi tchizi, ndi zakudya zamasamba.
Kupanga agalu otentha, ng'ombe, nkhumba, kapena nkhuku nyama imadulidwa bwino ndikupangidwa kukhala osakaniza. Pafupifupi 30% ya galu wotentha ndi wonenepa, ndipo osakaniza mafuta ndi madzi amapanga pafupifupi 50%. Kusakaniza kumeneku kumathiridwa ndi zonunkhira monga paprika, tsabola wofiira, shuga, mchere, tsabola wakuda, ndi sodium nitrite. Zowonjezera monga mkaka wouma wopanda mafuta ndi ufa wa mafupa a ufa zitha kuwonjezeredwa ngati zodzaza.
Kudula Nyama mu Hot Dogs
Agalu otentha amapangidwa kuchokera ku mbali ya nyama yotchedwa "meat trimmings." M'malo mowononga nyama yotsalayo pambuyo poti mbali zabwino za nyama zasankhidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito payekha, makampaniwa amagwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe amawombera nyama iliyonse m'mafupa, nthawi zina ngakhale mafupa. Kenako amachiphika ndikuchisandutsa nthiti yokhuthala.
Nyama yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa agalu otentha imatha kuchokera kumadera osiyanasiyana a nyama, monga mutu, mapazi, chiwindi, minofu yamafuta, minofu yotsika, magazi, ndi zina zambiri. Zigawo zonsezi pamodzi zimadziwika kuti "zodula nyama," zomwe zimakhala ngati gwero lalikulu la nyama ya agalu otentha. Ngati m'ndandanda wa zinthuzo umatchula za "zakudya" kapena "nyama zosiyanasiyana," zikutanthauza kuti nyamayo ikhoza kukhala ndi ziwalo monga mphuno, milomo, maso, kapena ubongo. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito bwino kwa zodulira nyama kumathandiza kuchepetsa zinyalala m'makampani a nyama pomwe kumapereka maziko a galu wokondedwa.
Kodi Hot Dogs Amapangidwa Ndi Chiyani?
Mu 2008, wophunzira wa kusekondale Brigid Prayson adachita kafukufuku kuti amvetsetse zomwe zimapita ku agalu ogula m'sitolo, kaya amachokera ku nkhumba, ng'ombe, kapena turkeys. Kafukufukuyu adavumbula kuti nyama ya agalu otenthawa makamaka inali ndi ziwalo zina za thupi osati minofu ya chigoba - gawo lomwe anthu nthawi zambiri amatcha nyama. Izi zinaphatikizapo zinthu monga "fupa, kolajeni, mitsempha ya magazi, zomera, minyewa yozungulira, minofu ya adipose (mafuta), cartilage, ndi khungu.
Zotsatira za Prayson zikuwonetsa kuti mitundu yambiri yoyesedwa inali "yoposa 50% yamadzi potengera kulemera kwake" ndipo inali ndi nyama yosakwana 10%, yomwe imatanthauzidwa ngati minofu ya chigoba. Izi zimawunikira momwe amapangira agalu otentha, ndikugogomezera kuti nyamayo imakhala yochepa komanso yowonjezeredwa ndi zigawo zina zosiyanasiyana.
Kodi Zosakaniza mu Galu Wotentha wa Ng'ombe Ndi Chiyani?
USDA imalamula kuti galu wotentha wa ng'ombe azingodya nyama ya ng'ombe yokha ndipo sayenera kukhala ndi zina. Lamuloli likugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yodzitetezera ku matenda a ng'ombe ang'ombe, omwe amadziwika kuti mad cow disease. Mosiyana ndi agalu otentha omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku nkhuku kapena nkhumba, ma frank saloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito ng'ombe yosiyanitsidwa ndi makina.
Nyama yolekanitsidwa ndi makina ndi chinthu chachilendo chomwe chimapangidwa ndi "kukakamiza mafupa, pamodzi ndi nyama yodyedwa yomangika pa iwo, kupyolera mu sefa pansi pa kupanikizika kwakukulu." Izi zimalekanitsa nyama ku fupa, kupanga phala la nyama. Makamaka, agalu otentha omwe ali ndi nkhumba kapena nkhuku yosiyanitsidwa ndi makina ayenera kufotokoza momveka bwino zomwe zili pamndandanda wawo. Mawu akuti "matope oyera" amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza nyama yolekanitsidwa ndi makina.
Mwachidule, galu wotentha wa ng'ombe, malinga ndi malangizo a USDA, amapangidwa kokha kuchokera ku nyama ya ng'ombe popanda kuphatikizirapo zotulukapo, monga njira yodzitetezera ku matenda amisala a ng'ombe. Kuletsedwa kwa ng'ombe yolekanitsidwa mwamakina mu ng'ombe ya ng'ombe kumasiyanitsa ndi ena opangidwa ndi nkhuku kapena nyama ya nkhumba.
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Zosakaniza Zachilendo mu Agalu Otentha: Muli Chiyani Kwenikweni?
Zokonda kudya zingasiyane munthu ndi munthu, ndipo zimene munthu amaona kuti n’zovomerezeka zikhoza kuonedwa kuti n’zoipa ndi wina. Zakudya zina zimawoneka ngati zosasangalatsa, ndipo chitsanzo chimodzi mwa izi ndi offal, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti byproducts kapena nyama zosiyanasiyana. Izi sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi agalu otentha ndipo zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri podyetsa ziweto komanso m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.
Malinga ndi USDA (United States Department of Agriculture), agalu otentha omwe ali ndi zinthu zina kapena nyama zosiyanasiyana ayenera kukhala ndi 15 peresenti ya minofu ya chigoba. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zina monga mtima, impso, kapena chiwindi ziyenera kulembedwa momveka bwino, komanso chizindikiritso cha nyama yomwe imachokera. Ngakhale pali lamuloli, magwero amakampani akuwonetsa kuti offal sizinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza mu agalu otentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zachilendo kuwonjezera.
Mwachidule, pankhani ya agalu otentha, pali malamulo okhudza mitundu ya nyama yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Ngakhale ena atha kupeza lingaliro logwiritsa ntchito zotuluka m'malo osasangalatsa, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti malamulowo ali m'malo kuti awonetsetse kuwonekera pazakudya zotchuka izi.
Kupanga Hot Dog: Zosakaniza ndi Masitepe
Ku United States, ma hot dogs ali ndi mndandanda wa zinthu zimene amasakaniza, ndipo amaziika m’dongosolo lapadera. Mndandandawu umayamba ndi chophatikizira chomwe chimapanga gawo lalikulu la galu wotentha ndikupita ku gawo laling'ono kwambiri.
Mukawerenga mndandandawu, mudzawona mayina azinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga hot dog. Dzina loyamba pamndandandawo ndi lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndipo dzina lomaliza ndi lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono. Dongosololi limatsatiridwa kuti anthu amvetsetse zomwe zili mkati mwa hot dog yomwe akudya. Ndi njira yodziwitsa aliyense za zosakaniza ndi kuchuluka kwa chilichonse chomwe chili mu hot dog.
Kusankha Zodula Nyama
Mukawona galu wowotcha ali ndi zosakaniza monga ng'ombe, nkhumba, kapena nkhuku, zingamveke zosavuta, koma momwe nyama imapangidwira imaphatikizapo njira yovuta. Njirayi imatchedwa kuchira bwino kwa nyama (AMR), kumene makina apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukwapula, kumeta, kapena kukanikiza zidutswa za nyama pa mafupa a ng’ombe ndi nkhumba. Komabe, nyama ikakhala ndi kashiamu wochuluka, imadutsa pakhomo ndipo imakhala nyama yomwe imatchedwa "nyama yolekanitsidwa". M'mawu osavuta, ngati pali mafupa ambiri mu nyama, amatengedwa ngati olekanitsidwa ndi makina.
Kufotokozera, ngakhale galu wotentha anganene kuti ali ndi zosakaniza zowongoka za nyama, kupanga kumaphatikizapo njira zamakono zolekanitsa nyama ndi mafupa. Izi zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito makina apadera omwe amachotsa nyama ku mafupa a ng'ombe ndi nkhumba. Komabe, nyama ikakhala ndi kashiamu wochuluka, zomwe zimasonyeza kukhalapo kwa zidutswa za mafupa, zimagawidwa ngati nyama yolekanitsidwa ndi makina.
Kuphatikiza Zosakaniza
Chotsatira ndikusakaniza zosakaniza. Kupanga ma hot dog kumaphatikizapo kuphatikiza zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Choyamba, nyama yolimba imaphikidwa ndikuphwanyidwa mu phala. Pambuyo pake, zowonjezera zowonjezera zimasakanizidwa.
Malinga ndi Nkhani ya Yasmin Tayag mu Inverse, ma hot dogs amakhala ndi chisakanizo cha nkhumba ndi nyenyeswa za ng'ombe, pamodzi ndi nkhuku zokonzedwa, zokometsera, wowuma, madzi a chimanga, ndi madzi. Pofuna kupatsa agaluwo mtundu wawo wapinki ndi mawonekedwe ake atsopano, sodium nitrite amawonjezeredwa, ngakhale kuti akatswiri ena a kadyedwe amakhudza chiopsezo cha khansa, monga ananenera April Benshosan.
Benshosan amafufuza zowonjezera zomwe sizidziwika bwino mu agalu otentha. Izi zikuphatikizapo zotetezera monga potaziyamu lactate ndi sodium diacetate. Kuphatikiza apo, agalu otentha amatha kukhala ndi sorbitol, mowa wa shuga womwe umadziwika kuti umayambitsa gasi, sodium phosphate kuti asunge chinyezi, komanso mapuloteni a chimanga a hydrolyzed, omwe amawonjezera kukoma kofanana ndi MSG.
Kutentha kophika kwa agalu otentha okhala ndi nitrites ndikofunikira, chifukwa kumakhudza kulumikizana kwawo ndi khansa. Ngakhale sodium nitrite imathandizira kukhalabe ndi mtundu wokongola wa agalu otentha, ndikofunikira kudziwa zomwe zingakhudze thanzi lake.
Ponseponse, agalu otentha amakumana ndi zovuta zosakanikirana zomwe zimakhudzana ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, zina zomwe zimatha kukweza thanzi.
Kuyika ma Casings
Chotsatira ndikukankhira phala la nyama kukhala machubu owoneka bwino, onga sock opangidwa ndi cellulose, omwe amawoneka ngati filimu yapulasitiki. Ngakhale kuti zipolopolo zinkapangidwa kuchokera kumatumbo enieni a nyama, agalu ambiri otentha masiku ano alibe khungu pamene atha.
Poyikapo, phala la nyama limayikidwa mosamala m'matumba awa, kupatsa agalu otentha mawonekedwe awo apadera. Mabokosiwa amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popanga chomaliza, chomwe chimathandiza kuti chikhale chokhazikika pophika. Ngakhale kuti matumbo opangidwa kuchokera ku matumbo a nyama anali ofala kale, njira zamakono nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangidwa monga cellulose.
Agalu otentha opanda khungu akhala akuchulukirachulukira chifukwa cha kuphweka komanso kuchita bwino kwa njira zopangira. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa ma cellulose casings sikumangofewetsa kupanga komanso kumakwaniritsa zokonda za ogula omwe amakonda mawonekedwe osalala. Zotsatira zake, chizolowezi chodzaza ma casings ndi phala la nyama chasintha pakapita nthawi, ndikungoyang'ana pakupanga bwino ndikukwaniritsa zokonda za ogula.
Kuphika Hot Dogs
Kuti muphike agalu otentha, tsatirani njira zosavuta izi. Yambani ndi kuwiritsa ma frankfurters m'matumba awo, ndiyeno muwasambitse mwamsanga ndi madzi. Ngakhale zophikidwa kale, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti zatenthedwa mpaka "zikuwotcha" chifukwa chachitetezo cha chakudya, malinga ndi tsamba la USDA.
Kukonzekera agalu anu otentha, choyamba, bweretsani mphika wamadzi kuti uphike. Ikani agalu otentha m'madzi otentha, akadali m'matumba awo, ndipo muwalole aphike kwa mphindi zingapo. Mukamaliza, chotsani ndikutsuka pang'ono ndi madzi.
Ngakhale agalu otentha amaphikidwa kale asanapake, ndikofunikira kuwatenthetsanso chifukwa cha chitetezo. USDA imalimbikitsa kuonetsetsa kuti "akuwotcha" kuti athetse mabakiteriya aliwonse omwe angakhalepo. Njira yowonjezera imeneyi sikuti imangowonjezera chitetezo komanso imapangitsa kuti ma hot dog amve kukoma.
Kumbukirani, kutenthetsa kwa mphindi zingapo kungapangitse kusiyana kwakukulu mu chitetezo ndi chisangalalo cha zomwe mukuchita ndi galu wanu wotentha.
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Chill Hot Dogs ndikuchotsani ma Casings ngati pakufunika
Akaphika, agalu otenthawo amazizidwa m'madzi osamba, monga momwe adafotokozera pa webusaiti ya National Hot Dog and Soseji Council. Kuchotsa ma casings, peeler yokha imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuvula chophimba cha cellulose kwa agalu otentha.
Popanga ma hot dog, ndikofunikira kuziziziritsa mukamaliza kuphika. Izi zimachitika powayika mu shawa yamadzi, monga momwe adalangizira National Hot Dog ndi Soseji Council. Akazirala, makina otsuka okha amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti achotse mosavuta ma cellulose agalu otentha. Sitepe iyi imatsimikizira kuti chomaliza chomaliza ndi chokonzeka kusangalala popanda zofunda zosafunika.
Njira Yoyikira Yogwira Ntchito Yogawira Agalu Otentha
Pokonzekera agalu otentha kuti agawidwe, kuwunika mosamalitsa kumachitika, kenako amasindikizidwa m'mapaketi apulasitiki opanda mpweya pogwiritsa ntchito malamba onyamula ndi makina apadera onyamula. Zonsezi zimachitika mwamsanga pamene agalu otentha amayamba ngati kudula nyama.
Atangoyang'anitsitsa ndi kusindikiza, agalu otentha amaikidwa m'mabokosi. Kenako mabokosi amenewa amawalowetsa m’zozizira zosungiramo zinthu komanso m’galimoto zokhala mufiriji pasanathe maola ochepa. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti agalu otentha amakhala atsopano komanso okonzeka kubereka.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa malamba onyamula katundu ndi zida zopakira kumathandizira kwambiri kuti ntchito yolongedzayi ikhale yabwino. Kuyambira pokonza nyama poyambira, agalu otentha amadutsa masitepe angapo, zomwe zimafika pachimake m'mabokosi ndikusamutsira mwachangu kusungirako mufiriji. Zosungirako zokonzedwa bwinozi zimatsimikizira kuti agalu otentha amasunga khalidwe lawo panthawi yonse yogawa.
Siyani Mumakonda