What are the 14 Punctuation Marks, signs and points in English and how can one use them effectively?
Zizindikiro zopumira zimatha kuwonjezera kutsindika ndi kamvekedwe ka ziganizo zomwe tikulemba kapena zomwe tikufuna kulemba. Komabe, zingakhale zosangalatsa kudziwa kuti anthu ambiri, kuyambira olankhula Chingerezi mpaka omwe amalankhula ndi kulemba. chilankhulo chachingerezi monga chinenero chachilendo, sadziwa nthawi ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito zizindikiro.
If you are among those who still find the use of punctuation marks confusing, don’t worry, you’re not the only one. Many people, even those who are native English speakers, still, find it somehow difficult to use the correct punctuation in their making writing sentences.
Kudziwa kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro chilichonse ndikofunikira ngati mukufuna dziwa kulemba kwako, kaya ndi prose kapena buku logulitsidwa kwambiri.
Kodi pali zizindikiro zonse 14 zopumira mu Chingerezi?
Pazonse, pali zizindikiro zopumira 14 zokha m'Chingerezi ndipo zonse zakambidwa m'nkhaniyi.
Zizindikiro zopumirazi ndi monga ma hyphens, zizindikiro zofunsa, mawu obwereza, koma, nthawi, ellipsis, colon, dash, bulaketi, mawu ofuula, semicolons, mabatani, mabatani, ndi apostrophes.
If making the things you write easier to tread is what you want, or you want to make your articles look more professional, it is important that you know and understand how to use these punctuation signs.
Zomwe muyenera kuchita ndikutenga botolo lachakumwa ndikuwerenga nkhaniyi mpaka kumapeto pomwe takambirana momwe mungadziwire zizindikiro zopumira ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito.
Kodi Zizindikiro 14 Zopuma Zomwe Zili ndi Zolemba ndi Chiyani?
Tikhoza kugawa zizindikiro m'magulu asanu, monga momwe tachitira pansipa. Izi zidzakuthandizani kumvetsetsa bwino nkhani ndi zochitika zomwe zizindikirozi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi momwe zimagwirizanirana.
- Zizindikiro zopumira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto kwa chiganizo: chilengezo, nthawi, funso,
- Colons, semicolons, koma,
- mizere ndi ma hyphens
- Makatani, Mabulaketi ndi Makabati
- Zizindikiro, ma ellipses ndi apostrophes.
Each category of the above signs has its purpose in a sentence or text. While you may notice some differences between the style of punctuation in American and British English, here we have decided to concentrate on the typical examples instead of trying to break them down into subtle differences.
Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane chizindikiro chilichonse chopumira komanso kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake.
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Mndandanda wa Zizindikiro 14 Zopumira
- Koma (,)
- ZINTHU (-)
- Nthawi (.)
- Zolemba Zake (“)
- ELLIPSIS (…)
- CHIPEMBEDZO/MFUNDO (!)
- Funso Mark (?)
- Semicolon (;)
- DASH (-)
- Colon (:)
- ma rackets ([])
- Zingwe ({})
- Makolo (( ))
- Apostrophe (')
COMMA (,)
The comma is used to insert pauses in sentences. The main purpose of inserting pauses in a sentence can be for different reasons, such as separating ideas, differentiating phrases, or even changing the structure of a sentence.
Koma monga chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zopumira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino mu Chingerezi zimakhala ndi ntchito zingapo. Koma makoma atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pama adilesi achindunji, mwachitsanzo:
- James, I’m really happy that I was able to see you again.
If you have two complete sentences that you want to separate, then you can make use of the comma to do that.
- Iye anapita ku tchalitchi, ndiyeno anatuluka kukalandira mamembala atsopanowo.
Komanso, mumagwiritsa ntchito Commas, ngati mukufuna kulemba zinthu mu sentensi.
- Amapita kokagula ndi kugula diresi, malaya awiri, nsapato, ndi buluku.
Mungafune kufunsa; comma splice ndi chiyani? Uku ndiko kugwiritsa ntchito koma m'malo mwa zolumikizira kulumikiza ndime ziwiri zosiyana. Mwachitsanzo:
- Yatsala pang'ono kupemphera, sindikufuna kupemphera.
- Ziganizo zisagwiritse ntchito koma, m'malo mwake:
- Yatsala pang'ono kupemphera. Ine sindikufuna kupemphera.
The Oxford comma is one of the punctuation signs that is often debated in academia and English, and using one usually comes down to people’s preferences. The Comma ya Oxford ndi pamene comma yomaliza imayikidwa pa chinthu chomaliza pamndandanda. Mwachitsanzo:
- Amakonda zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, makeke, ndi pasitala.
ZINTHU (-)
You don’t need to confuse this punctuation mark with dashes, hyphen is used in compound words when connecting two or more words. Below we have listed some of the words that are hyphenated.
- Pang'onopang'ono
- Apongozi akazi
- Ex-chibwenzi
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NTHAWI (.)
Chizindikirochi chimaonedwa kuti ndi chizindikiro cholunjika kwambiri m'Chingelezi. Kuyimitsa kwathunthu kumatchedwa ndi anthu ndipo kumatanthawuza kutha kwa chiganizo. Chiganizo chathunthu chimatengedwa kuti ndi chokwanira komanso chofotokozera.
Here we have shown you some examples of a full stop/period at the end of a sentence:
- Mkango ukuukira nkhosa.
Nkhani ina yomwe nthawi imagwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi pamene tikufuna kupanga chidule, monga kulemba mitu ya anthu ndi zina zotero.
Below are some examples of when we can make use of the period sign when making abbreviations:
- Dr Josephine Marries Mr James.
- Mr Bassey. C. James travelled to the UK after wedding Dr Chiamaka in a well-attended wedding.
MZIMU OTHANDIZA (“)
Quotes are some of the punctuation signs that are used to denote text, speech, or words spoken by others.
Malinga ndi Zolemba.com, quotation marks are commonly used to start and end quotations.
- Mark anati: “Sindimakonda zimenezo.
- Josephine adauza James kuti "adzafuna kukwatirana naye tsiku lina".
- Osasokonezedwa ndi mawu oti apostrophe, mawu amodzi ('') amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawu omwe ali mkati mwa mawu.
- Josephine anauza amayi ake kuti "James ndi mnyamata wabwino ndipo wasonyeza kuti 'akufuna kukwatira' ndisanabwerere kunyumba."
ELLIPSIS (…)
An ellipsis is a punctuation mark that is made of three periods used together to indicate the omission of a mawu kapena kalata.
We often use the ellipsis to jump from one sentence or phrase to another while omitting unnecessary words. It is also used when referencing someone and omitting unnecessary words.
Tapereka zitsanzo m'munsimu kuti zikuthandizeni kumvetsetsa bwino kalembedwe kameneka.
- Pamene kuli pakati pausiku, Hellen akuyamba kuwerengera pansi: "khumi, zisanu ndi zinayi, zisanu ndi zitatu..." ndipo mpira ukugwa.
- When James said “You cannot become the he that you cannot see…” he was talking about the fact that you need to picture where you are going in life before you can get there.
CHIPEMBEDZO/MFUNDO (!)
Chizindikiro chokweza, mfundo kapena chilemba, chilichonse chomwe mungafune kuchitcha ndi chimodzi mwamalemba omwe mungasankhe kugwiritsa ntchito kumapeto kwa chiganizo pamene chiganizocho chikuwonetsa mawu amphamvu amalingaliro. Mawu omwe akufunsidwa angakhale chilichonse kuchokera ku chisangalalo, chisangalalo, china chirichonse, kunyansidwa kapena mkwiyo.
Mawu okweza ndi zina mwa zizindikiro zopumira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsindika ziganizo.
Malinga ndi YourDictionary.com, exclamation marks can also make one’s sentence to sound a bit ruder than they intended.
Pansipa pali zina mwazinthu zomwe titha kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiritso:
- “Yang’anani msana wanu!” akukuwa.
- Ndine wokondwa kupita ku Museum mawa!
MZIMU WA FUNSO (?)
Funso limamalizanso chiganizo, koma limamaliza chiganizo ndi funso lachindunji. Nthawi zambiri, ziganizo za mafunso zimayamba ndi kuti, ndani, chifukwa chiyani, chiyani, motani, kapena liti
M'munsimu takambirana za malo ena ogwiritsira ntchito mafunso mu sentensi.
• Kodi mukufuna kudya mkate?
• N’chifukwa chiyani mumakonda kudya mpunga m’malo mwa nyemba?
Nthawi zambiri, ngati awerengedwa mokweza, zizindikiro za mafunso zimasonyezanso kusintha kwa kamvekedwe ka mawu, choncho dziwani izi.
SEMICOLON (;)
Mofanana ndi ma colon, semicolons amagwirizanitsa zigawo ziwiri zosiyana. Komabe, pamenepa, ziganizozo zimagwirizana kwambiri kuposa pamene coloni ikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo:
Ndili ndi kuyankhulana kwa ntchito mawa m'mawa; Sindingathe kupita kuphwando usikuuno.
Zigawo zonse ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'chiganizo pamwambapa ndizodziimira kuti zikhale ziganizo zawo, koma m'malo mwa nthawi, semicolon ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusonyeza kuti ziganizo ziwirizi sizili zosiyana koma zogwirizana wina ndi mzake mu chiganizo.
Chinthu china chocheperako chomwe ma semicolons amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mndandanda womwe umayenera kugwiritsa ntchito koma. Yang'anani pa:
- Tinapita ku London, ku England; Berlin, Germany; Lagos, Nigeria; ndi Athens, Greece.
DASH (-)
Pali mitundu iwiri yazizindikiro za m'mizere, zomwe zimasiyana kukula ndi cholinga.
En Dash: Nthawi zambiri zazifupi mu utali, mitsetse imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza masinthidwe, monga pakati pa manambala kapena madeti. Mwachitsanzo:
- Kampani yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi Bambo James ndi Dr. Josephine akazi awo idagwira ntchito kuyambira 2025-20125.
- Mchemwali wanga anakwera sitima ya Kano-Abuja usiku watha.
Mzere wa Em: Mzerewu ndi wautali pang'ono kuposa En dash ndipo nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa zizindikiro zina zopumira, monga ma commas, colon, kapena mabatani. Nachi chitsanzo:
- Yankho lake ku funso lomwe mphunzitsiyo anafunsa linali lomveka— Ayi!
COLON (:)
Pali zochitika zazikulu zitatu zomwe ma coloni amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Imodzi mwa nkhani zake ndi pamene tikufuna kutchula chinthu, monga kufotokozera, mawu, chitsanzo, kapena mndandanda.
- Mlongo wanga adatenga ma electives anayi semester yapitayi: Marketing, Computer Programming, Nutrition and Computer math.
Colon ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kugwirizanitsa ndime ziwiri zosiyana ngati ndime yachiwiri ikufotokozera kapena kumaliza yoyamba. Mwachitsanzo:
- Alibe nthawi yoti awononge: nthawi yatha.
- Pomaliza, ma colon amatha kuwonetsa mutu wa sentensi:
- Ndimadana ndi mphunzitsi m'modzi pasukulu iyi: Mphunzitsi wa Masamu.
MABAKA ([ ])
Brackets are some of the punctuation signs in English that are mostly used for clarification of things, for technical terms or for explaining things. It can also be used to clarify a subject when citing another person or text. E.g:
- Iye [Mr. James] anavomera kutenga mnyamatayo kuti akhale wake.
- Josephine anati “[Chilimwe] ndi nthaŵi imene ndimakonda kwambiri chaka.”
MABAKA ({})
Pokhapokha ngati mukulemba masamu kapena zolemba zaukadaulo, ndizokayikitsa kuti mudzafunika kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zopindika pafupipafupi. Komabe, ndibwino kudziwa izi kuti musagwiritse ntchito mwangozi pomwe mukuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mabatani. Timagwiritsa ntchito ma Braces makamaka tikalemba opareshoni:
- 7{8x+[63+9]}=xy
MAKOLO (( ))
Mabokosi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apereke zambiri kapena zambiri kapena ngati nkhani.
The Parentheses can sometimes be replaced with commas, and the sentence will retain its same meaning. Here is an example:
• Josephine (mkazi wa James) amakonda kudya Mkate.
APOSTROPHE (')
An apostrophe is used to indicate that one or more letters are omitted, also to indicate a possessive or abbreviation. The apostrophe can be used to pluralize lowercase letters.
Below we have shown some of the examples where apostrophes can be used. According to Zolemba.com, words formed in sentences from substituting certain letters is called a contraction.
- Takhala tikukhala ndi chakudya 2 patsiku sabata yatha, ndipo zakhala zovuta.
- Zonse zomwe zatsalira Jane and Maria kuchita ndikukwatilana popeza apeza kuti adapangirana.
Kutsiliza
Now that we have helped you know more about what the 14 punctuation marks are and how you can use them effectively when writing your sentences, it will help you write more effectively the next time you try to write.
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