United States, yomwe ili ndi anthu opitilira 330 miliyoni omwe adafalikira m'maboma ake 50 ndi Washington DC, akukumana ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana. Zotsatira za ndale za ku America ndi chikhalidwe zimafalikira padziko lonse lapansi, kukopa anthu padziko lonse lapansi.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa zinthu zina zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza dziko. Takambirana zina mwazachikhalidwe komanso zitsanzo kuti zikuthandizeni kumvetsetsa zomwe zili mkati.
Ngongole za ophunzira ndizovuta kwambiri, zomwe zimalemetsa anthu ambiri ofuna maphunziro. Kusagwirizana kwa malipiro ndi nkhani ina, yomwe imasonyeza kusiyana kwa malipiro pakati pa magulu osiyanasiyana. Thandizo laumoyo ndi nyumba zimabweretsa mavuto, zomwe zimakhudza umoyo wa nzika ndi kupeza malo ogona.
Tsankho lidakali vuto lozama kwambiri, lomwe limakhudza mbali zosiyanasiyana za anthu aku America. Kuzindikira ndi kuthana ndi zovuta khumizi ndikofunikira kuti pakhale anthu ogwirizana komanso olungama, osati kwa Achimereka okha komanso kwa anthu apadziko lonse lapansi omwe akhudzidwa ndi zovutazi.
Pitilizani kuwerenga pamene mukuphunzira zambiri za zitsanzo zaku US zomwe zimafunikira chisamaliro mwachangu.
Zitsanzo za Nkhani Zachikhalidwe ku US
1. Vuto la Nyumba Zotsika mtengo
Kupeza nyumba zotsika mtengo ku United States kukuvuta kwambiri. A 2021 Pew Research Lipoti likuwonetsa kuti 49% ya aku America amawona nyumba zotsika mtengo ngati "vuto lalikulu" m'madera mwawo, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa 10% kuyambira koyambirira kwa 2019.
Vutoli ndi logwirizana kwambiri ndi malipiro anthawi zonse, zomwe zikuyambitsa nkhawa m'dziko lonselo.
Lipoti la National Low Income Housing Coalition la 2021 likuwunikira mfundo yovutitsa: palibe wogwira ntchito m'boma lililonse angakwanitse nyumba yobwereketsa yokhala ndi zipinda ziwiri yokhala ndi sabata yogwira ntchito maola 40. M'maboma ngati New York, California, ndi Texas, zinthu ndizovuta kwambiri.
Ku New York, munthu amayenera kugwira ntchito maola 94 pa sabata pamalipiro aboma $12.50/ola kuti athe kubwereka chipinda chimodzi. Ku California, malipiro ochepa a $ 1 / ola amafunika maola 14.00 ogwira ntchito pa sabata mofanana. Ngakhale ku Texas, ndi malipiro ake a $ 89 / ola, kubwereketsa chipinda chimodzi kumafuna ntchito yodabwitsa ya maora 7.25 sabata.
Malipiro osasunthika, ngongole zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira, komanso kukwera mitengo kwamitengo kumasokonezanso maloto oti akhale ndi nyumba, makamaka a Millennials.
Malinga ndi Mndandanda wa Apartment, 18% ya obwereketsa zakachikwi akukumana ndi zopinga zazikulu kuti alowe mumsika wa nyumba, zomwe zikuwonjezera vuto lalikulu la kugula nyumba mdziko muno.
2. Kulimbana ndi Zaumoyo Zotsika mtengo
Kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala chogwira ntchito bwino komanso chotsika mtengo chimakhalabe chovuta ku United States.
Malinga ndi kusanthula kwa KFF pogwiritsa ntchito deta ya boma, pafupifupi munthu mmodzi mwa akuluakulu khumi ali ndi ngongole zachipatala, ndipo anthu 1 miliyoni ali ndi ngongole zoposa $ 10. Omwe akukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ngongole yayikulu yachipatala ndi achikulire akuda, olumala, ndi omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino. Pazonse, aku America onse pamodzi ali ndi ngongole mazana mabiliyoni a madola.
Zotsatira za mliri wa COVID-19 zidawonetsanso zolakwika pamachitidwe azachipatala. Nkhani ya 2021 idawonetsa zovuta zopirira monga zolepheretsa kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala, mitengo yokwera, kusalinganika, kunyalanyaza thanzi la anthu, komanso nkhawa, zonse zomwe zikukulirakulira ndi mliri. Dongosolo lachipatala lomwe lidalipo lidawonetsa kuti silingakwanitse kuthana ndi vutoli.
Kuti United States ithane ndi miliri yamtsogolo komanso thanzi latsiku ndi tsiku komanso thanzi la anthu ake, kukonzanso kwathunthu kwadongosolo lazaumoyo ndikofunikira.
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3. Kukula Kusafanana kwa Malipiro
Kufufuza kwaposachedwapa ndi Economic Policy Institute idawulula zokhuza kusalingana kwa malipiro kuyambira 1979 mpaka 2020.
Malipiro a 1.0% apamwamba adakwera ndi 179.3%, ndi chiwonjezeko chodabwitsa kwambiri cha 389.1% chapamwamba cha 0.1%. Mosiyana kwambiri, malipiro a otsika 90% adakula ndi 28.2%.
Kugawikana kumeneku kwa ndalama zomwe zapeza kwadzetsa vuto lalikulu pomwe, mu 2020, otsika 90% adangolandira 60.2% yamalipiro onse - gawo lotsika kwambiri kuyambira pomwe kutsata kwa data kudayamba mu 1937.
Mu 2021, kusiyana kwachuma kudapitilira kukula pomwe 10% yapamwamba yaku America idapeza 70% yachuma chonse chaku US. Kuphatikiza apo, kusiyana pakati pa malipiro a CEO ndi malipiro a ogwira ntchito wamba kukuwonetsa kusalingana kokulirapo mdziko muno.
Pakati pa 1978 ndi 2018, malipiro a CEO adakwera ndi 900%, pomwe wogwira ntchito wamba adawona chiwonjezeko chochepa cha 11.9%. Deta iyi ikutsimikizira kuti olemera akulemeradi ku United States, zomwe zikukulitsa nkhani ya kusalingana kwa ndalama.
4. Ngongole ya Ophunzira
Ngongole ya ophunzira ikadali imodzi mwa zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri za chikhalidwe cha anthu ku US.
M'nkhani ya 2022, Forbes yawunikiranso zowona za ngongole za ophunzira ku United States. Ngongole zonse za ophunzira, kuphatikiza ngongole zaboma komanso zachinsinsi, zimakwana $1.75 thililiyoni. Pafupifupi, wobwereka aliyense ali ndi ngongole pafupifupi $29,000.
Ngongole za ophunzira ku Federal zimathandizira 92% ya ngongole yonse ya ophunzira, ndipo kukula kwake kumaposa kuchuluka kwa maphunziro ndi 353.8%. Ngakhale kuti boma likuyesetsa kuthandiza, vutoli likupitirirabe. Mu 2020, ngongole za ophunzira zonse zidakwera ndi 8%, ndikusiya obwereka ambiri akuvutika kuti alipire.
Zotsatira za kubweza ngongole pakubweza ngongole zimapitilira mavuto azachuma. Kutsika kwa ngongole za ngongole kumachitika, zomwe zimalepheretsa kupeza njira zina zothandizira ngongole. Nkhani yomwe ikupitilira ikukulirakulira chifukwa chosowa njira zowonjezera zangongole, zomwe zimapangitsa anthu kulowa mungongole.
Kukwera kwa malipiro a maphunziro kumathandizira kwambiri, koma kuchepa kwa ndalama za boma za maphunziro apamwamba ndi malipiro osasunthika kumathandizanso pa vutoli. Ngakhale kuti mpumulo ukhoza kupezedwa mwa kuletsa ngongole, njira yowonjezereka ndiyofunikira, kuthetsa mtengo wa maphunziro, kuchepetsa ndalama, ndi malipiro osasunthika kuti athe kuthana ndi vuto la ngongole za ophunzira.
5. Kusankhana mitundu
Tsankho lakhala vuto ku United States kwa zaka zambiri. Mu 2020, panali ziwonetsero zazikulu zomenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe, zazikulu kwambiri kuyambira m'ma 1960. Komabe, si aliyense amene amathandizira kuti zinthu zisinthe.
Anthu ena amatsutsa mabuku amene amakamba za kusankhana mitundu, makamaka m’masukulu. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti ana aphunzire za nkhani zofunikazi.
Kusankhana mitundu kumaonekeranso m’njira zachiwawa. M'mwezi wa Meyi, munthu wazaka 18 adapha anthu 10 akuda mwadala. Iye analemba chikalata chofotokoza chifukwa chake anachitira zimenezi. Iye ankakhulupirira maganizo otchedwa Great Replacement Theory, omwe amati azungu akulowedwa m’malo.
Kafukufuku anapeza kuti pafupifupi 7 mwa 10 a Republican, gulu la ndale, amaganiza kuti andale omasuka amafuna mphamvu zambiri polowa m'malo mwa anthu ovota a White. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti onse aku Republican angachite zachiwawa, koma zikuwonetsa kuti malingaliro atsankho akadali ofala. Tiyenera kupeza njira zosinthira malingalirowa ndikupanga dziko kukhala labwino kwa aliyense.
6. Zovuta za Ufulu Wovota
Kuukira kwa ufulu wovota ndi chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zazikulu za chikhalidwe cha anthu komanso nkhawa yaikulu ku United States chifukwa zimakhudza nkhani zina zambiri. Brennan Center For Justice imasunga zoletsa, ndipo kuyambira pa Januware 1 mpaka Disembala 7, 2021, mayiko 19 adakhazikitsa malamulo 34 oletsa kuvota.
Anthu aku Republican nthawi zonse amafuna malamulo okhwima ovota, koma atanena zabodza kuti a Joe Biden adaba zisankho zapulezidenti, ziwawa zawo zakula.
Center idapeza kuti pofika pa Meyi 4, 2022, ndalama zosachepera 34 zokhala ndi zoletsa zinali kudutsa m'malamulo 11 a boma. Mugawo lonse lazamalamulo la 2022, mayiko 39 azikambirana pafupifupi mabilu 400 oletsa kuvota.
Mabiluwa akufuna kuchepetsa kuvota, kuletsa kuvota Lamlungu, kukhazikitsa malamulo atsopano kapena okhwima a ID ovota, ndi zina zambiri. Malamulowa samangochepetsa mwayi woponya voti komanso amathandizira zonena zabodza zokhudza chilungamo, zomwe zikuchititsa kuti ovota asakhulupirire zotsatira.
7. Vuto la Vuto la Othawa kwawo
Vuto la othawa kwawo, lomwe lidayang'ana kwambiri mu 2019, likupitilirabe nkhawa kwambiri kwa omwe akukhudzidwa mwachindunji.
Malinga ndi kunena kwa bungwe la United Nations, anthu ambiri kuposa kale lonse akukhala m’dziko losiyana ndi kumene anabadwira. Pafupifupi anthu 70.8 miliyoni akakamizidwa kusiya nyumba zawo, ndipo pafupifupi 30 miliyoni akuti ndi othawa kwawo. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, opitirira theka la anthu othawa kwawo padziko lonse lapansi ndi anthu osakwana zaka 18.
Dera losamutsidwali likukumana ndi zopinga zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza mwayi wochepa wamaphunziro, chithandizo chamankhwala, mwayi wantchito, ndi zofunikira. Kaya akuthawa nkhondo kapena masoka achilengedwe m'mayiko awo, othawa kwawo amafunikira thandizo lina kuti athe kuthana ndi mavuto omwe akukumana nawo, amalingaliro, ndi amalingaliro.
Ogwira ntchito zamagulu, omwe ali ndi luso lapadera, ali okonzeka kupereka chithandizo chofunikira kuti athandize anthuwa kuthana ndi mavuto omwe ali nawo. Kufunika kochita khama kuti athetse mavuto ambiri okhudzana ndi vuto la othawa kwawo kumakhalabe kofunika kwambiri poonetsetsa kuti anthu omwe akukhudzidwawo azikhala ndi moyo wabwino komanso wokhazikika.
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8. Nkhani Yoletsa Mabuku M’sukulu
M’miyezi yaposachedwapa, anthu ambiri amene amasamala za maphunziro, monga oyang’anira laibulale ndi aphunzitsi, achita mantha chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ziletso za mabuku zimene zikuchitika m’sukulu za ku United States.
PEN America, m’chiwerengero chake choyamba cha mabuku oletsedwa, anapeza kuti pali milandu yoposa 1,500 ya mabuku omwe analetsedwa m’miyezi isanu ndi inayi yokha. Zoletsa izi zachitika m'maboma 26, zomwe zakhudza zigawo zasukulu 86 ndikukhudza pafupifupi masukulu 3,000 okhala ndi ophunzira opitilira 2 miliyoni.
Ngakhale zovuta zamabuku m'malaibulale akusukulu sizili zachilendo, chomwe chimasiyanitsa izi ndikuti 41% ya zoletsa zomwe zalembedwa mu PEN's Index zili ndi kulumikizana ndi akuluakulu aboma kapena opanga malamulo osankhidwa, zomwe zikuwonetsa "kusintha komwe sikunachitikepo." Mabuku omwe akukumana ndi zovuta nthawi zambiri amakhudza nkhani monga maphunziro okhudzana ndi kugonana, LGBTQ + identity, ndi chiphunzitso cha mtundu ndi kusankhana mitundu.
Magulu a Conservative, monga Moms for Liberty, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mkangano wa "ufulu wa makolo" kulungamitsa zoletsa izi. Palinso nkhawa kuti kuletsa mabuku kungapitirire ku malaibulale akusukulu, monga momwe tawonera pamlandu womwe woyimira malamulo ku Virginia adasumira Barnes & Noble kuti aletse kugulitsa mabuku awiri onyansa kwa ana popanda chilolezo cha makolo. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa kuletsa mabuku kumeneku ndi kwatsopano, pakadali pano ndi imodzi mwazovuta kwambiri zamagulu ku US.
9. Vuto la Chiwawa cha Mfuti
Chiwawa cha mfuti ndi vuto lalikulu ku United States, ndipo akatswiri a zaumoyo amati zili ngati vuto lalikulu la thanzi kwa anthu. Sizimangokhudza anthu amene amaphedwa; imakhudza kwambiri madera osiyanasiyana monga zaumoyo ndi ntchito za anthu.
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ziwawa za mfuti, monga kupha, ziwawa zamagulu, kuwomberana anthu ambiri, ndi kudzipha.
N'zomvetsa chisoni kuti dziko la US lili ndi chiwerengero chochuluka cha kuphana kwa mfuti pakati pa mayiko otukuka. Zotsatira za chiwawa cha mfuti sizimamva kokha ndi awo omwe amataya miyoyo yawo; anthu amene amavulazidwa, kuona chiwawa cha mfuti zikuchitika kapena kutaya munthu amene amamukonda amakumananso ndi mavuto okhalitsa, m’maganizo ndi m’thupi mwawo.
Nkhani imadutsa manambala okha; ndi nkhawa yomwe imakhudza miyoyo ya anthu ambiri ndipo ili ndi zotsatira zofika patali pa moyo wa anthu.
10. Chilungamo cha Zanyengo
Chilungamo cha nyengo ndi chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zovuta kwambiri za nkhani za chikhalidwe cha anthu zomwe asayansi ndi omenyera ufulu akhala akugogomezera kwa zaka zambiri. Ngakhale machenjezowa, palibe chomwe chachitika pofuna kuthana ndi mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo.
Dziko la United States tsopano likukumana ndi zotsatira zoopsa kwambiri, zomwe zikuwonekera mu mvula yamkuntho yachisanu ya 2021. Mphepo yamkunthoyi inachititsa kuti magetsi awonongeke kwambiri ku Texas, zomwe zinayambitsa kusowa kwa mphamvu, madzi, ndi chakudya. Lipoti lochokera ku dipatimenti ya zaumoyo m'boma lazindikira kuti anthu 246 afa, koma chiwopsezo chenicheni chingakhale chokwera.
Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti kutentha kumene kumabwera chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo ku Arctic kungakhale kogwirizana ndi mikuntho imeneyi. Pamene nyengo ikuwomba, miliri ya polar vortex imakula, zomwe zimatsogolera ku mtundu wa mkuntho womwe umawonedwa ku Texas. Kusintha kwanyengo kukuthandiziranso kuti pakhale nyengo zazitali zamoto wamtchire komanso kutentha kwamphamvu kwambiri, monga tawonera ku Pacific Northwest mu June 2021, kupha mazana ambiri.
Zochitika "zosazolowereka" zoterezi zimanenedweratu kuti zizichitika kawirikawiri, zomwe zikuwonetseratu kufunika kochitapo kanthu kuti athetse ndi kuchepetsa zotsatira za kusintha kwa nyengo m'madera athu ndi chilengedwe.
Siyani Mumakonda