Kodi chikhalidwe cha anthu olumala ndi chiyani, chitsanzo chachipatala cha olumala, ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu olumala ndi chiyani?
Kukhala wolumala nthawi zambiri ndi mbali ya moyo wa munthu. Njira imodzi kapena ina ambiri aife tidzakumana ndi zimenezi panthaŵi ina m’moyo.
Ngakhale zingakhale zokhumudwitsa kuyang'ana mmbuyo ku tsiku lakale pamene moyo unali wosangalatsa, ndikofunikira kuti anthu olumala avomerezedwe ndi anthu.
M’chitaganya chamakono, anthu olumala amawonedwa ngati gulu lapadera lomwe limafunikira chisamaliro chowathandiza kukhala ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Mkhalidwe wawo wakuthupi sumawapangitsa kukhala ocheperako m’chitaganya.
Social Construction of Disability
Kuwona kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu olemala kumalongosola kulemala osati monga zochitika zaumwini kapena zachipatala, koma monga zochitika zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi zilema pokhudzana ndi chilengedwe chawo (Jones; 1996).
Tonsefe tikukhala m’chitaganya chimene chimasonkhezera moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku umene sitimaziwona nkomwe. Malo athu angasinthe makhalidwe athu onse amene tinabadwa nawo, mwina kupangitsa moyo wathu kukhala wosavuta kapena wovuta.
Kupereka ndi kugawa zinthu zofunika monga madzi, zovala, chakudya, ndi pogona kumakhudza kwambiri olumala. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa kuwonongeka kwa thupi kumabwera chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi.
Chilengedwe chingakhalenso chothandizira kuwononga kuwonongeka kwa thupi. Mwachitsanzo, matenda ena opundula amawatenga m’madzi akumwa aipi.
Pakhala pali zochitika zingapo pomwe anthu ammudzi amangotsala ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito madzi oipitsidwa. Ena mwa matenda olemala omwe adalembedwa adachitika chifukwa chomwa zinyalala zapoizoni.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, palinso zinthu zina zimene zingawononge matupi a anthu. Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino ndi kulolerana kwa malo ogwirira ntchito omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, kutsika kwachitetezo cha anthu, kapena kunyalanyaza ana.
Zinthu zomwe zimatha kuwononga matupi a anthu nthawi zonse zimakhudza magulu ena a anthu kuposa ena.
Komanso Werengani: Kodi Malingaliro a Sociological ndi ati? (Malangizo kwa Ophunzira)
Social Model of Disability
Malinga ndi Medium.com, chikhalidwe cha anthu olumala nthawi zambiri chimawonetsa malingaliro oyipa, zotchinga mwadongosolo, komanso kusalidwa ndi anthu ndipo chimawonetsa mwachindunji kuti anthu ali ndi gawo lalikulu pakulepheretsa anthu.
Ngakhale kusinthana kwakuthupi, nzeru, kapena m'malingaliro kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa munthu, izi siziyenera kubweretsa kulumala pokhapokha ngati anthu alephera kukwaniritsa udindo wawo wogwirizanitsa anthu.
Medical Model of Disability
Njira yachipatala ya olumala imakhulupirira kuti kuwongolera matenda kapena kulumala kumakhudzanso kuzindikira matenda kapena kulumala kuchokera kumalingaliro azachipatala.
Kuphatikiza apo, akatswiri azachipatala akukhulupirira kuti anthu akuyenera kuyika ndalama zothandizira zaumoyo kuti athe kuchiza olumala ndikulola omwe akukhudzidwa kukhala ndi moyo wabwino.
Social Construction of Disability
Zitsanzo za chitukuko cha anthu olumala ndi izi.
Social Construction of Autism
M'mawu azachipatala, autism ndi vuto la minyewa lomwe limafunikira kuwongolera.
Malinga ndi Helpfulprofessors.com, mabungwe azikhalidwe monga masukulu apulaimale adakhazikitsa njira zowongolera anthu omwe ali ndi matenda.
Autism imamveka bwino ngati vuto la minyewa osati kulumala kwachilengedwe. Ndi kawonedwe kamangidwe ka anthu kameneka, ndizomveka kuti anthu autistic safunikira kukonzedwa.
Anthu omwe ali ndi autism amangofunika kuvomerezedwa ndi anthu kuti ndi ndani, chifukwa chapadera, ndi mphatso.
Komanso Werengani: Malingaliro ndi Migwirizano Yakuwerengera: Zonse Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa
Ntchito Yomanga Pagulu la Ophunzira Olemala
Pali zopinga zingapo m'masukulu zomwe zingalepheretse anthu olumala kuchita bwino.
Mwachitsanzo, wophunzira yemwe ndi wolumala amavutika kuti aziyendayenda m’kalasi. Izi zikhoza kulepheretsa wophunzira kutenga nawo mbali m'kalasi kapena kupeza njira zothandizira.
Ogwira ntchito zachitukuko adzawona mkhalidwe wotero ngati wosalungama kwa anthu olumala. Kwa iwo, masanjidwe a makalasi amapangitsa anthu olumala kukhala osowa osati chifukwa cha thupi lawo.
Kulemala Pantchito
Mtengo wa wogwira ntchito umayesedwa ndi kuchuluka kwake. Izi zimangotanthauza kuti munthu akamagula ntchito, ndiye kuti ayenera kukhala wopindulitsa kwambiri.
Anthu olumala ali pachiwopsezo chifukwa angafunike thandizo lowonjezera kuti amalize ntchito zawo zatsiku ndi tsiku.
Ntchito yomanga anthu olumala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo ogwira ntchito ndi olemba ntchito omwe ali ndi nkhawa kwambiri kuti azikhala opindulitsa komanso osapindulitsa.
Kuyimira Olemala mu Media
Ambiri mwa anthu otchuka omwe timawawona pawindo lalikulu masiku ano nthawi zambiri amakhala amuna ndi akazi amphamvu.
Tawona ngwazi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndipo onse amalimbikitsa kumanga kwachindunji kwa anthu olumala, lingaliro lodziwika kuti anthu olumala sangakhale opambana.
Nkhani yodziwika bwino yowonetsedwa m'manyuzipepala ndi yoti ngwazi zamtundu uliwonse ziyenera kukhala zokhoza kugwira ntchito.
Anthu Olemala Monga Apolisi
Nzika iliyonse ikuyenera kutenga nawo mbali pa ntchito yovota. Komabe, anthu olumala akhoza kuvutika kuti agwiritse ntchito udindo wawo wachibadwidwe panthawi ya zisankho chifukwa palibe zoyesayesa zochepa kuti kuvota kukhale kosavuta.
Pa chisankho chapurezidenti ku United States cha 2020, 11% ya ovota olumala adadandaula ndi zopinga zina.
Anthu olumala ngati Asexual
Pali malingaliro olakwika oti anthu olumala alibe kapena kukhala ndi zilakolako zogonana.
Anthu olumala nawonso magazi amayenda m’mitsempha yawo ngati munthu aliyense wathanzi. Amakhala ndi chikhumbo chakugonana ndipo mumkhalidwe wovuta kwambiri wathupi amakhala ndi pakati ndikubala.
Kumanga kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu omwe ali olumala monga asexual kumawalepheretsa.
Komanso Werengani: Zitsanzo 10 Zodalirika za Inter-Rater (Malangizo kwa Ophunzira)
Kumanga kwa Social kwa Mental Disorder
Katswiri wina wa ku France, Michel Foucault, ananena kuti kusokonezeka maganizo kumachititsa kuti anthu azicheza.
Foucault adanena kuti lingaliro lachitukuko la kusokonezeka kwa maganizo lasintha kwa zaka zambiri ndipo tsopano ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu.
M’nthawi ya Renaissance, anthu amene ankadwala matenda a maganizo ankaoneka kuti ndi anzeru. Kalelo anthu amisala anali ndi mphamvu zovumbula mfundo zobisika zokhudza dziko.
Iwo adayikidwa ngati osaloledwa mu nthawi yachikale ndipo tsopano mu 21st Zaka zana, anthu amisala amawonedwa ngati odwala. Anthu amisala masiku ano amangokhala m'masukulu amisala kuti athe kukonzanso m'maganizo.
Social Construction of Learning Disability
Kulephera kuphunzira kumayendetsedwa ngati kulumala kwa munthu payekha ndipo kumafuna njira yamunthu payekha kuti athetsere.
Wophunzira yemwe ali ndi vuto la kulephera kuwerenga atha kukhala kuti adapangidwa ndi anthu kukhala wopanda nzeru nthawi ina. Komabe, tingazindikire kuti wophunzira amene ali ndi vuto la kulephera kuledzera ndi wanzeru kwambiri kuposa ophunzira ena.
Zomangamanga ndi Kukonzekera M'mizinda
Kwa omanga chikhalidwe cha anthu, zomanga ndi zomangamanga zamatawuni zimapangidwira anthu opanda zilema.
Masitepe, makonde, kuwoloka misewu, ndi zitseko zitha kulepheretsa anthu olumala kulowa m'matauni ngati anthu ena.
Komanso Werengani: 7 Ubwino ndi Zoipa za Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
Chilema ndi Umuna
Amuna zapangitsa amuna angapo kuganiza kuti sikoyenera kusonyeza kufooka. Chifukwa cha izi, amuna amakonda kubisa kulumala kwawo m'maganizo kapena mwakuthupi kuti asawoneke ngati osagonana kapena amuna.
Amuna ambiri m’chitaganya chamakono amakana kufunafuna chithandizo cha vuto la kuphunzira, nkhani zamaganizo, kapena zakuthupi. Ayenera kukulitsa udindo wawo ngati amuna olimba mtima komanso amphamvu m'dera lawo.
Kutsiliza
M’chitaganya chamakono, anthu olumala amawonedwa ngati gulu lapadera lomwe limafunikira chisamaliro chowathandiza kukhala ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Mkhalidwe wawo wakuthupi sumawapangitsa kukhala ocheperako m’chitaganya.
Anthu olumala akuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito udindo wawo pagulu.
malangizo
- Zitsanzo za Tsankho m'masukulu (Malangizo kwa Ophunzira)
- Macheke ndi Mabalance Zitsanzo (Malangizo kwa Ophunzira)
- 10 Anthu aku France Makhalidwe ndi Makhalidwe Athupi
- Kodi Zitsanzo za Kusalingana kwa Anthu Ndi Chiyani? (Malangizo kwa Ophunzira)
- Zitsanzo 20 za Makhalidwe ndi Makhalidwe (Malangizo kwa Ophunzira)
Zothandizira
- Aphunzitsi Othandiza: Kumanga Kwa Anthu Olemala: Tanthauzo & Zitsanzo 10
- Medium.com: The Social Construction of Disability
- Chisangalalo: The Social Construction of Disability (Wendell, Susan (1996). The Rejected Body. New York : Routledge)
- ResearchGate: Social kumanga olumala.
- SageJournals: The Social-Kupanga Anthu Olemala M'mabungwe: Chifukwa Chake Olemba Ntchito Amakana Kukhala Ndi Malo Oyenera
- Academia.edu: Social kumanga olumala
- SpringerLink: Kumanga kwa Social kwa Vuto Lolemala
Siyani Mumakonda