Kumvetsetsa kutsutsidwa kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu n'kofunika kwambiri kuti tiwone dziko kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana ndikukankhira anthu achilungamo. Zimakhudzanso kufufuza ndi kuyankhulana pazovuta zomwe zili m'madera athu. Kudzudzula anthu sikungonena za mavuto; ikukhudzanso kupereka mayankho.
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yotsutsa anthu. Ena amayang'ana kwambiri kusagwirizana monga kusankhana mitundu kapena kusiyana kwachuma. Ena amalowa m'zandale kapena zikhalidwe zomwe zingakhale zopanda chilungamo kapena zovulaza magulu ena.
Kudzudzula kungabwere kuchokera kumalo osiyanasiyana, monga mabuku, mafilimu, ngakhale kukambirana pakati pa abwenzi. Zimatithandiza kukayikira zinthu zomwe nthawi zambiri timaziona mopepuka komanso zimatilimbikitsa kulingalira za momwe tingapangire zinthu kukhala zabwino kwa aliyense.
Pochita nawo zotsutsa zamagulu, timadzitsegula tokha kuti tiphunzire zambiri za dziko lapansi ndikumvetsetsa zochitika za anthu osiyanasiyana. Ndi chida chosinthira, kutikakamiza kuti tigwire ntchito kudera lomwe aliyense ali ndi mwayi wofanana ndi ufulu.
Kodi Social Criticism ndi chiyani?
Kutsutsidwa kwa anthu kumawona momwe kukhazikitsidwa kwa anthu kumabweretsera mavuto. Wotsutsa za chikhalidwe cha anthu samangonena za izi komanso amapereka njira zothetsera vutoli. Atha kuganiza zosintha kuti zinthu ziyende bwino kapenanso kuyitanira masinthidwe akulu, monga kukonzanso kwathunthu momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito.
Kudzudzula kotereku kumawunikira momwe zinthu monga malamulo, miyambo, kapena machitidwe amakhudzira anthu. Ndiko kumvetsetsa chifukwa chomwe magulu ena angakumane ndi tsankho kapena kuvutikira kupeza mwayi. Mwachitsanzo, munthu wotsutsa chikhalidwe cha anthu anganene za momwe machitidwe azachuma amakondera ena ndi kuwonongera ena, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana.
Nthawi zina, kudzudzula anthu kumangofuna kusintha pang'ono, kogwirizana. Nthawi zina, zimakakamiza kusintha kwakukulu, monga kusintha kwakukulu kwa malamulo kapena chikhalidwe cha anthu. Cholinga chake ndi kupanga anthu kukhala abwino, achilungamo, komanso olungama kwa aliyense. Otsutsa za chikhalidwe cha anthu amakhala ngati mawu kwa iwo omwe sangakhale ndi zonena ndikukakamira kuti pakhale kusintha komwe kumapindulitsa anthu onse.
Ubwino wa Social Criticism mu Society
Kudzudzula anthu kumabweretsa mapindu angapo kwa anthu. Zimathandizira kuwunikira zosowa zamagulu osasankhidwa komanso zimapereka zabwino zina:
Choyamba, limafotokoza za kulimbana kwa magulu a anthu oponderezedwa. Kutsutsana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu kumapangitsa anthu kumvetsetsa malingaliro osiyanasiyana, makamaka omwe nthawi zambiri amachotsedwa m'nkhani zodziwika bwino.
Kachiwiri, zimatsutsa zikhulupiriro zokhazikika. Popanda kudzudzulidwa, malingaliro achikale kapena ovulaza angapitirirebe mosatsutsidwa. Kudzudzula anthu kumapangitsa anthu kukhala ndi zida zowonera dziko labwino komanso kumvetsetsa momwe machitidwe amagwirira ntchito.
Komanso, zimayambitsa kusintha kowoneka. Makamaka, ntchito zotsutsa chikhalidwe cha anthu, monga buku la Upton Sinclair 'The Jungle,' zidathandizira kusintha kwa malamulo pamalamulo oteteza chakudya. Mofananamo, nthambi za chiphunzitso chotsutsa monga chiphunzitso cha mtundu wovuta kwambiri ndi chiphunzitso chalamulo cha feminist chayambitsa kukambirana za kusiyana pakati pa malamulo.
Pomaliza, kutsutsa anthu kumagwirizanitsa chiphunzitso ndi zochita. Cholinga chake ndi kupanga dziko lachilungamo, kuyambitsa zokambirana ndi kupatsa mphamvu anthu kuti athe kuthana ndi kuponderezedwa kwawo mwachangu.
Njira Zosiyanasiyana Kudzudzula Anthu Kumatengera Mawonekedwe
Kudzudzula anthu kungathe kuchitika m’njira zosiyanasiyana. Ndi njira yomwe anthu amafotokozera malingaliro awo pagulu. Mitundu ina ndi:
1. Chiphunzitso Chachikulu
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1900, gulu lina lotchedwa Frankfurt School ku Germany linayambitsa chiphunzitso chotsutsa, njira yoyang’anira anthu ndi nkhani zake. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti filosofi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuzindikira ndi kuthetsa mavuto a anthu. Mosonkhezeredwa ndi Karl Marx ndi Sigmund Freud, oganiza amatero Jürgen Habermas ndi Theodore Adorno ochokera ku Sukulu ya Frankfurt ankaganiza kuti filosofi sichinali kungopeza chidziwitso. M’malo mwake, iwo anaiona kukhala njira yomasula anthu ku chitsenderezo pogwiritsa ntchito chidziŵitso chopezedwa.
Kuyambira m'ma 1970, chiphunzitso chotsutsa chafalikira kumadera osiyanasiyana monga filosofi, sayansi ya chikhalidwe cha anthu, psychology, maphunziro a chikhalidwe, ndi malamulo. Lakhazikika m'magawo apadera monga chiphunzitso chaukali wamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso chiphunzitso cha jenda. Madera apaderawa amayang'ana pakumvetsetsa momwe anthu amalumikizirana ndi anthu osiyanasiyana magulu azikhalidwe.
Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, akatswiri ena otsutsa amasankha kuchita nawo zochitika zamagulu m'malo mokambirana zamaphunziro a maphunziro. Iwo amakhulupirira zochita zenizeni osati mikangano yongoyerekeza.
Chiphunzitso chovuta chimakhalabe chida champhamvu chowunikira ndikumvetsetsa zovuta zamagulu, kupereka magalasi osiyanasiyana kuti awunike ndikuthana nawo. mavuto a anthu kukumana ndi magulu osiyanasiyana.
2. Kutsutsa Zolemba
Kutsutsa zolembalemba ndi kuphunzira mabuku ndi nkhani kuti timvetsetse momwe zimalumikizirana ndi dziko lotizungulira. Kudzudzula anthu ndi mtundu umodzi - kumayang'ana momwe mabuku amawonetsera anthu. Otsutsa akapenda buku, amalingaliranso malo a wolembayo m’chitaganya chawo ndi mmene bukhulo linakhudzira anthu panthaŵiyo. Mwachitsanzo, kusuliza kwa Marx kumagogomezera ngati bukhu limachirikiza kapena limatsutsa kupanda chilungamo kwa magulu a anthu.
Mtundu wina ndi wotsutsa pambuyo pa ukoloni, womwe umayang'ana momwe mabuku amasonyezera utsamunda, pamene dziko lina limalamulira ndi kudyera dziko lina. Otsutsa amafufuza momwe nkhanizi zimasonyezera miyoyo ya anthu olamulidwa ndi atsamunda.
Otsutsa samangopenda mabuku omwe alipo kale-amapanganso nkhani zomwe zimafufuza nkhani za chikhalidwe cha anthu. Zitsanzo zina zodziwika bwino ndi mabuku a dystopian monga Dziko Latsopano Lolimba Mtima ndi Aldous Huxley or Farm Farm ndi George Orwell. Mbiri zopeka ngati Nkhani Yamizinda Iwiri ndi Charles Dickens ndi The Jungle ndi Upton Sinclair amawonetsanso mavuto a anthu.
Mwa kuphunzira mabukuwa ndi kupanga atsopano, otsutsa amatithandiza kumvetsetsa ndi kulingalira za dziko limene tikukhalamo.
3. Nyimbo ngati Chida Chotsutsa Anthu
Mitundu ina ya nyimbo, monga ngati punk, rap, ndi mitundu ina ya zitsulo, imayambira m’kudzudzula anthu. Amalankhula za mavuto a boma, kuponderezana, ndi kukhumudwa ndi mmene zinthu zilili. Tengani nyimbo ya "Pretty Vacant" ya Sex Pistols, mwachitsanzo. Ndi nyimbo yachipunki yomwe imakamba za momwe achinyamata adamverera kuti alibe chidwi ndi chipwirikiti chandale ku England m'zaka za m'ma 1970.
Chitsanzo china champhamvu ndi 2Pac ya "Brenda Ali Ndi Mwana.” Nyimbo ya rap imeneyi ikutithandiza kumvetsa mmene anthu a m’madera ena amachitira zinthu mopanda chilungamo. Limanena nkhani ya mtsikana wina amene anakumana ndi mavuto, ndipo limafotokoza za mavuto amene anthu ambiri akukumana nawo.
Kupitilira izi, nyimbo zambiri zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimakhala ngati nsanja kwa ojambula kuti awonetse kusakhutira kapena kudzudzula pachikhalidwe cha anthu. Oyimbawa amagwiritsa ntchito mawu ndi nyimbo zawo kudzutsa malingaliro ndi zokambirana zamavuto omwe anthu amakumana nawo, ndicholinga chodziwitsa anthu ndikubweretsa kusintha. Nyimbo zamtundu uwu zikupitirizabe kukhala chida champhamvu cha ndemanga za anthu komanso kulimbikitsana ndi nkhani zosiyanasiyana za anthu.
Siyani Mumakonda