Ulamuliro ndi njira yoyendetsera boma pomwe mphamvu zimagawikana m'madipatimenti osiyanasiyana ndi akuluakulu. Lingaliro ndiloti boma ligwire bwino ntchito popangitsa kuti dipatimenti iliyonse iwonetsetse ntchito inayake. Komabe, kunena zoona, maulamuliro amatha kuchedwetsa komanso kulemba zolemba zambiri chifukwa akuluakulu ambiri amafunika kupanga zisankho. Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo za maulamuliro ndi boma la U.S., lomwe lili ndi madipatimenti ambiri ndi mabungwe, aliyense akugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Chitsanzo china ndi cha bungwe la United Nations, lomwe lili ndi dongosolo lovuta kugwirizanitsa mabungwe ndi makomiti osiyanasiyana.
Cholinga cha maulamuliro ndikuchita bwino, koma nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa kupanga zisankho pang'onopang'ono chifukwa chakutengapo gawo kwa akuluakulu ambiri. Ngakhale zolinga zaukadaulo, dongosololi limatha kuyambitsa zopinga zowongolera komanso zopinga. M'malo mwake, ngakhale maulamuliro akufuna kuwongolera utsogoleri, kukhazikitsidwa kwake kothandiza nthawi zina kumabweretsa zovuta kuti zinthu zichitike mwachangu.
Makhalidwe a Bureaucracy
Mu chiphunzitso cha Weber's bureaucratic, maofesi ali ndi zinthu zingapo zofunika.
- Choyamba, ili ndi dongosolo laulamuliro, kutanthauza kuti pali mndandanda womveka bwino wa malamulo omwe gawo lililonse limakhala ndi maudindo apadera.
- Kachiwiri, pali gawo la ogwira ntchito, pomwe ntchito imagawidwa m'madipatimenti osiyanasiyana ndi akuluakulu, kuwonetsetsa kuti munthu aliyense amagwira ntchito mdera linalake.
- Chachitatu, pali malamulo olembedwa, opereka malangizo omveka bwino omwe ayenera kutsatiridwa.
- Pomaliza, kupanga zisankho zokhazikika ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri, ndipo zosankha zimapangidwa motsatira njira zomwe zakhazikitsidwa, zomwe sizisiya mwayi wosankha.
Ubwino ndi Kuipa kwa Bureaucracy
M'mabungwe abwino, malamulo amakhala omveka bwino, omveka, osatengera maubwenzi kapena ndale. Komabe, maulamuliro enieni padziko lapansi nthawi zambiri amalephera kukwaniritsa izi, zomwe zimatsogolera ku zotsatira zabwino komanso zoyipa.
ubwino:
Mabungwe ali ndi dongosolo lomveka bwino, kuwonetsetsa kuti ntchitozo zikufotokozedwa bwino. Kukonzekera kwadongosololi kumathandizira kuyang'anira koyenera, kulola kuthetsa mavuto mwachangu.
Mkhalidwe wopanda umunthu wa maulamuliro, ngakhale umatsutsidwa, umatsimikizira kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa malamulo mosasinthasintha, kuletsa kukondera chifukwa cha kugwirizana kwaumwini. Mabungwe, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ophunzira bwino, amaphunzitsidwa mwapadera kuti azigwira ntchito mosasinthasintha komanso moyenera. Amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukhazikitsa malamulo popereka chidziwitso chofunikira kwa opanga malamulo osankhidwa.
kuipa:
Mabungwe amatha kuchedwa kuyankha ndikusintha chifukwa cha malamulo okhwima. Kusasinthasintha kungayambitse kukhumudwa pakati pa antchito, zomwe zingasokoneze ubwino wa ntchito. Mapangidwe a hierarchical amatha kupangitsa kuti pakhale ochepera osafunikira, kuchepetsa zokolola.
Popanda kuyang'aniridwa bwino, akuluakulu a boma angagwiritse ntchito mphamvu zawo kuti apindule, kuphatikizapo kulandira ziphuphu. Njira zaulamuliro, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatsutsidwa ngati "zowonongeka," zimatha kutenga nthawi komanso zowonongera ndalama, zomwe zimalepheretsa ntchito zogwirira ntchito za boma.
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Zitsanzo za Bureaucracy
1. Mayunivesite
Mayunivesite ndi mabungwe akuluakulu omwe amatha kukhala olamulira akamakula. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ali ndi malamulo ambiri ndi machitidwe ovuta. Aphunzitsi nthawi zambiri amadandaula kuti amathera nthawi yochuluka pa mapepala ndi kutsatira malamulo, m'malo mophunzitsa. Lipoti la Forbes linati aphunzitsi amathera mpaka 15% ya tsiku lawo pa ntchito zoyang'anira.
Komanso mayunivesite amagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri kutsatsa kuti akope ophunzira ambiri, m'malo mozigwiritsa ntchito pophunzitsa. Lipoti lomwelo la Forbes likunena kuti pa aphunzitsi asanu aliwonse, pamakhala antchito 5 oyang'anira. Ndipo, chodabwitsa, 2% ya ndalama zonse zomwe mayunivesite amawononga zimapita kwa oyang'anira, osati kuphunzitsa. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha njira zomwe atsogoleri amayendetsera mayunivesite. Chifukwa chake, yunivesite imagwiritsa ntchito zambiri pamapepala ndi kutsatsa kuposa kuphunzitsa kwenikweni. Ndi vuto lomwe anthu ambiri m'dziko lamaphunziro amalankhula.
2. Apolisi
Apolisi ndi chimodzi mwa zitsanzo za maulamuliro padziko lonse lazamalamulo. Apolisi nthawi zambiri amadzipeza akuyenda motsatira malamulo ndi malamulo ovuta, zomwe zimadzetsa chisokonezo komanso kukhumudwa. Vutoli limawonekera makamaka pankhani ya kumvetsetsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
Mwachitsanzo, ku United Kingdom, apolisi amayenera kulemba fomu yayitali yamasamba 10 nthawi iliyonse akamakakamiza munthu wina. Ngakhale kuti mapepalawa angawoneke ngati olemetsa, amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Apolisi amafunikira mulingo wina waudindo kuti akhazikitse macheke ndi miyeso yomwe ingalepheretse kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika mphamvu ndi olimbikitsa malamulo.
Poganizira kuti apolisi ndi gulu lokhalo lololedwa kugwiritsa ntchito ziwawa ngati gawo la ntchito yawo, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana mozama komanso kusanja bwino. Njirazi ndizofunikira kuti tiwonetsetse kuyankha komanso kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito molakwa mphamvu zodabwitsa zomwe apolisi amagwiritsa ntchito.
3. Boma
Zochita za maboma ang'onoang'ono zimapereka chithunzithunzi chomveka bwino cha kayendetsedwe ka boma. Mukafuna kukwaniritsa ntchito monga kupeza chilolezo choyimitsa magalimoto kapena kumanga nyumba yatsopano, muyenera kudutsa masitepe angapo ndikumaliza zolemba zoyesedwa ndi boma.
Ganizirani njira yomanga shedi yatsopano pamalo anu. Boma la m’derali limachita kafukufuku kuti lionetsetse kuti madzi akuyenda bwino, amawunika momwe zipangizo zomangira zilili, amaona ngati magetsi akutsatiridwa, ngakhalenso kutsimikizira ngati nyumbayo ili pamalo amene anthu amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chilengedwe. Ngakhale zili choncho, kupeza zilolezo zofunika kungakhale kokhumudwitsa, ndipo nthawi zambiri kumafuna kudikira kwa nthawi yaitali.
Kuphatikiza apo, boma laderali lili ndi udindo wokhazikitsa malamulo okhudza kuyika malo, kuyimitsa magalimoto, kuyendayenda, ndi zina. Ngakhale kuti njirazi zingaoneke ngati zovuta, zimathandiza kusunga bata ndi kusunga mfundo za m’deralo. Chifukwa chake, kumvetsetsa ndikuyendetsa njira zamaboma am'deralo ndikofunikira mukamagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana mdera lanu.
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4. Asilikali
Asitikali ali m'gulu la mabungwe akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi, pomwe gulu lankhondo laku China la People's Liberation Army likukhala lachiwiri pazikuluzikulu pambuyo pa boma la United States, likudzitamandira ndi anthu 2.3 miliyoni. Gulu lankhondo limagwira ntchito ngati chitsanzo chabwino chautsogoleri chifukwa chadongosolo lake, loyendetsedwa bwino, komanso lotsogola.
M'gulu lankhondo la United States, pali magulu otsogola omveka bwino omwe ali ndi maudindo apadera a anthu olembedwa, maofesala, ndi akazembe. Udindo uliwonse umatsatira malamulo ake ndi malamulo ake. Makamaka, kukwezedwa m'gulu lankhondo nthawi zambiri kumatsata dongosolo la ukalamba ndi nthawi yogwira ntchito m'malo motengera kuyenerera. Tsoka ilo, njira iyi ingayambitse kuyimilira komanso kusowa kwa malingaliro atsopano.
Nthawi zambiri, magulu ankhondo amagwira ntchito ngati machitidwe akuluakulu a boma, omwe amadziwika ndi magulu awo okhazikika komanso kutsatira malamulo. Dongosolo lotsatsira, kudalira uchikulire paubwino, limabweretsa zovuta kulimbikitsa zatsopano m'mabungwe awa.
5. Social Security Administration
The Social Security Administration (SSA) ndi gulu lalikulu la boma ku United States ndi chimodzi mwa zitsanzo za maulamuliro. Imayang'anira mapulogalamu monga kupuma pantchito, kulumala, ndi mapindu opulumuka. SSA imagwira ntchito ngati boma chifukwa ndi yayikulu kwambiri ndipo ili ndi malamulo ambiri oti azitsatira.
Pazopindula zolemala kuchokera ku SSA, muyenera kuwapatsa mapepala. Mapepalawa amasonyeza umboni wanu wolumala, mbiri yanu ya ntchito, ndi mbiri yachipatala. Kulandira chivomerezo cha zopindula ndizovuta, ndipo zimatenga nthawi yaitali.
Chifukwa chake, SSA ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha momwe mabungwe akulu okhala ndi malamulo ambiri amatha kukhala pang'onopang'ono. Ngati mukusowa zopindula zolemala, muyenera kukhala oleza mtima chifukwa zimatenga nthawi kuti mudutse njira yovomerezeka.
6. Kupeza License Yoyendetsa
Kupeza laisensi yoyendetsa galimoto kumaphatikizapo kuchita ndi maofesi, zomwe zikutanthauza kutsatira ndondomeko yeniyeni kuti mupeze chilolezo. Sizophweka monga kungolowa ndikufunsa. M'malo mwake, muyenera kudutsa masitepe osiyanasiyana mkati mwadongosolo, monga kulandira chivomerezo kuchokera kwa oyesa kuyendetsa galimoto ndi dipatimenti yolipira. Izi zitha kukhala nthawi yambiri ndipo zimaphatikizapo kugwira ntchito ndi zolemba.
Kuti mupeze laisensi yanu yoyendetsa, muyenera kutsatira malamulo omwe amakhazikitsidwa ndi dongosolo laolamulira. Izi zikuphatikizapo kukhoza mayeso oyendetsa galimoto komanso kupereka malipiro oyenera. Si ndondomeko yomweyo; m’malo mwake, kumafuna kuleza mtima ndi kutsata njira zokhazikitsidwa. Ponseponse, kupeza laisensi yoyendetsa ndi chitsanzo chakuyenda kudzera m'maboma, pomwe njira zosiyanasiyana ndi zovomerezeka zimakhudzidwa, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yokhazikika komanso yoyendetsedwa bwino.
7. Malipiro a Inshuwaransi Yaumoyo
Kukhala ndi inshuwaransi yazaumoyo kumatanthauza kuthana ndi zolemba zambiri ndi malamulo ndikupangitsa kukhala chimodzi mwazitsanzo zaudindo. Mukafuna kuti kampani yanu ya inshuwaransi ilipire ndalama zachipatala, nthawi zambiri mumayenera kutsatira njira zina monga kulandira chilolezo pasadakhale kapena kudutsa njira zovuta zokambira. Zingakhale zokhumudwitsa kwambiri, makamaka ngati simukumva bwino.
Makampani a inshuwaransi nthawi zambiri amadzitamandira momwe amachitira mwachangu zonena, kumvetsetsa kuti makasitomala amakwiyitsidwa ndi ndondomeko yonseyi. Choyang'ana apa ndikusiyana pakati pa ma capitalist bureaucracy, monga omwe ali mu inshuwaransi yazaumoyo, ndi socialist bureaucracy, kuwonetsa kuti dongosolo la capitalist limakonda kukhala lochepa kwambiri.
Mwachidule, ngati mukudwala ndipo mukusowa inshuwalansi ya umoyo kuti mulipire chinachake, zingakhale zovuta chifukwa cha malamulo ndi masitepe omwe muyenera kutsatira. Izi zili choncho chifukwa capitalist bureaucracy, yomwe ndi momwe inshuwaransi yaumoyo imagwirira ntchito, nthawi zambiri imawoneka ngati yocheperako poyerekeza ndi dongosolo la socialist.
8. Kupeza Pasipoti
Mukafuna kupeza pasipoti, muyenera kudutsa ndondomeko ya boma. Izi zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kuchita zinthu zingapo kuti zitheke. Choyamba, muyenera kulemba mafomu ena. Kenako, mumatumiza mafomuwa ku dipatimenti yoyenera. Pambuyo pake, muyenera kukhala oleza mtima ndikudikirira kuti akwaniritse ntchito yanu. Kuti mutsimikizire kuti ndinudi munthu amene mumadzinenera kuti ndinu, mungafunikenso kuwapatsa zikalata zina.
Izi zonse za pasipoti sizichitika mwachangu. Zitha kutenga masabata, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale miyezi. Choncho, ngati mukuganiza zoyenda ndikusowa pasipoti, ndi bwino kuti muyambe kukonzekera mwamsanga. Mwanjira iyi, simudzakhala mothamanga, ndipo zonse zitha kuyenda bwino.
9. Kugula Nyumba Yanu
Mukasankha kugula nyumba, pali masitepe omwe muyenera kutsatira, ndipo nthawi zina, zingatenge kanthawi chifukwa cha malamulo onse ndi mapepala, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kukhala chimodzi mwa zitsanzo za maulamuliro. Choyamba, muyenera kupempha chilolezo kubanki, koma ayenera kutsatira malamulo a boma. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuwawonetsa mulu wa mapepala monga umboni wa ndalama zomwe mumapeza komanso kuti ndinu ndani.
Komanso, boma lapafupi litha kukufunsani kuti muchite zina zowonjezera, monga kupeza zilolezo zapadera musanayambe kumanga. Izi zitha kukhala pang'onopang'ono ndipo zingamve ngati mudutsa pa tepi yofiyira kwambiri. Ndikofunika kukhala oleza mtima ndikuwonetsetsa kuti muli ndi zonse zomwe zili bwino kuti muthe kupita patsogolo ndikugula ndi kumanga nyumba yanu yatsopano.
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10. Positi System
Njira yamakalata imatha kukhala yovuta kumvetsetsa chifukwa ili ndi magawo ambiri, iliyonse ili ndi malamulo ake. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwa zitsanzo za maulamuliro, kutanthauza kuti imakhudza njira zambiri zovomerezeka. Njirazi zimatha kuchepetsa kutumiza makalata anu. Imelo yanu iyenera kudutsa m'malo osiyanasiyana opangira, ndipo pa sitepe iliyonse, pali malamulo omwe amasankha ngati makalata angapite patsogolo.
Mukatumiza kalata, palinso zinthu zina zofunika kuziganizira. Muyenera kulipira misonkho kapena mitengo yamalire, yomwe ndi ndalama zotumizira makalata kudutsa malire. Akuluakulu amayang'ananso makalata anu kuti atsimikizire kuti akutsatira malamulo okhudza kulemera kwake ndi zomwe zingatumizidwe. Pali zinthu zapadera zomwe zimaloledwa kuikidwa, ndipo zina ndizosaloledwa.
Chifukwa cha malamulo onsewa ndi masitepe, makina amakalata sangakhale othamanga monga momwe timafunira. Zili ngati maze omwe makalata anu amadutsamo, ndipo nthawi zina zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti afike komwe akupita. Chifukwa chake, mukatumiza makalata, ndikofunikira kukhala oleza mtima ndikumvetsetsa kuti pali njira zambiri zowonetsetsa kuti zonse zikutsatira malangizo oyenera.
11. United Nations
United Nations (UN) ndi bungwe lapadziko lonse lapansi lomwe linakhazikitsidwa mu 1945 pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse ndipo ndi chimodzi mwazitsanzo zodziwika bwino za utsogoleri. Mulinso mayiko omwe ali mamembala omwe adagwirizana kutsatira malamulo omwe afotokozedwa m'chikalatacho. Cholinga chachikulu cha UN ndikukhazikitsa mtendere padziko lonse lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, cholinga chake ndi kuteteza ufulu wa anthu, kupereka chithandizo pakagwa masoka, ndikuthandizira chitukuko chokhazikika.
Ganizirani za bungwe la UN ngati dongosolo lalikulu la kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka chitetezo, monga Security Council, General Assembly, ndi Secretariat. Imagwira ntchito ngati boma, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ili ndi dongosolo lovuta komanso malamulo oti azitsatira.
Kuyendetsa UN kumawononga ndalama zambiri. Chaka chilichonse, amagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zoposa $3.12 biliyoni ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito anthu oposa 40,000. Ngakhale kuti ndalama zawonongeka, bungwe la UN likugwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pothana ndi mavuto apadziko lonse ndi kulimbikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa mayiko.
Siyani Mumakonda