M'nkhaniyi, tiwona zitsanzo zina zomwe zafala kwambiri.
Malingaliro oyipa amakhala osavuta komanso malingaliro olakwika okhudza magulu osiyanasiyana a anthu. Zikhoza kuvulaza anthu mwa kuchititsa anthu kuchitira ena zinthu mopanda chilungamo, kuwaweruza mopanda chilungamo, ndiponso “chiwopsezo cha anthu ena.”
Anthu amenewa amanena zinthu ngati akazi sangatsogolere bwino komanso amuna alibe mtima wokoma mtima.
Ma stereotypes ndi achinyengo chifukwa amati aliyense pagulu amachita chimodzimodzi. Amapangitsa anthu kuweruza ena mopanda chilungamo, ngakhale osawadziwa.
Zimayambitsa tsankho, pamene anthu amakhala ndi malingaliro oipa ponena za ena chifukwa cha malingaliro olakwika ameneŵa. Nthawi zina, anthu sadziwa n’komwe kuti akuchita zinthu mopanda chilungamo chifukwa maganizo amenewa ali m’maganizo mwawo popanda iwo kudziwa.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati wina akuganiza kuti achinyamata onse ndi amwano, akhoza kuchitira nkhanza achinyamata onse, ngakhale achinyamata omwe amakumana nawo ali aulemu komanso abwino. Makhalidwe oipa amapangitsa anthu kuweruza ena asanawapatse mpata, ndipo zimenezi si zachilungamo.
Zitsanzo 10 Zosasintha
1. Lingaliro Loti Anthu Osauka Ndi Aulesi
Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zoipa zomwe anthu ambiri amaziganizira n’chakuti anthu osauka ndi aulesi. Chikhulupiriro chimenechi chimachokera pa zifukwa zingapo. Anthu ena angaganize choncho chifukwa chakuti iwowo sanakumanepo ndi umphaŵi, choncho samvetsa mavuto amene anthu osauka amakumana nawo.
Palinso lingaliro lakuti ngati wina achita khama mokwanira, angathe kudzichotsa mu umphawi. Malingaliro awa amanyalanyaza zovuta zenizeni zomwe ambiri amakumana nazo chifukwa cha zochitika zosiyanasiyana. Kaŵirikaŵiri, ofalitsa nkhani amathandizira ku lingaliro limeneli mwa kufotokoza nkhani za kupambana kwa anthu m’malo mothetsa nkhani zazikulu monga umphaŵi.
Koma zoona? Anthu ambiri osauka amagwira ntchito mosatopa, komabe amavutika kuti apeze zofunika pa moyo wawo. Umphawi suli chifukwa cha ulesi basi; zimatengera zinthu zomwe munthu sangathe kuzilamulira. Mwachitsanzo, tengani mayendedwe. Kusakhala ndi galimoto kungapangitse kuti zikhale zovuta kupita kuntchito kapena kupita kuntchito, zomwe zingalepheretse kupita patsogolo ngakhale mukugwira ntchito mwakhama.
Kuonjezera apo, kuperewera kwa zinthu zothandizira, mwayi wophunzira, kapena chithandizo chamankhwala chokwanira chikhoza kupititsa patsogolo umphawi. Sikungogwira ntchito molimbika; ndi za kukhala ndi njira ndi mwayi womasuka ku izo. Kumvetsetsa zovutazi kumathandizira kutsutsa chikhulupiriro chopepuka chakuti ulesi ndiye gwero la umphawi.
2. Lingaliro Loti Anthu a ku France Ndi Onyada
Chikhulupiriro kuti zonse Anthu aku France odzikuza ndi stereotype. Zimabwera chifukwa choganiza kuti anthu aku France amaona kuti zinthu zamtengo wapatali monga vinyo wabwino ndi zaluso kuyambira kalekale. Komanso, chinenero cha Chifalansa n'chovuta kuphunzira, ndipo anthu ena achifalansa sangakonde kulankhula Chingerezi chifukwa amachiwona kuti sichili champhamvu. Izi zimapangitsa kuti anthu ena olankhula Chingerezi aziganiza kuti anthu a ku France ndi okhazikika.
Koma apa pali chinthu: si stereotype iliyonse ndi zoona. Sichingakhale chilungamo kugamula kuti dziko lonse lili m’njira yakutiyakuti chifukwa cha anthu ochepa chabe. France ili ndi anthu ambiri osiyanasiyana okhala ndi umunthu wamitundu yonse, monga kwina kulikonse. Ena angakonde zinthu zabwino, pamene ena angakhale osafunika kwenikweni.
Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana amatha kukhala ngati kulosera za munthu musanakumane nawo. Iwo sangafanane ndi amene munthuyo ali kwenikweni. Choncho, m’pofunika kukhala ndi maganizo omasuka osati kuweruza aliyense pamalo amodzi malinga ndi zimene anthu ochepa amachita.
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3. Lingaliro Loti Anthu Olemera Ndi Opanda Mtima
Malingaliro onena za anthu olemera kukhala opanda mtima ndi ena mwa zitsanzo zoyipa zomwe zakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali. Maganizo amenewa amanena kuti anthu olemera sangamvetse kapena kusamala za anthu osauka. Ayenera kuti anayamba mu Middle Ages pamene olemera ankawoneka ngati gulu lapadera, lopeza bwino.
Anthu ena olemera angaoneke ngati sakugwirizana ndi mavuto a anthu osauka. Koma m’pofunika kudziwa kuti ambiri a iwo amapereka zambiri kuti athandize ena. Tengani Bill Gates ndi Warren Buffet, mwachitsanzo. Iwo anayamba The Giving Pledge. Lingaliro ili ndi lokhutiritsa mabiliyoni kuti apereke theka la chuma chawo ku zachifundo. Anthu ngati Mark Zuckerberg ndi Elon Musk nawonso adalowa nawo.
Ngakhale izi zikuwonetsa kuti anthu ena olemera ndi owolowa manja, ena amatsutsa kuti sizokwanira. Iwo amaganiza kuti poganizira kuchuluka kwa mavuto amene anthu akukumana nawo padzikoli, pali zambiri zimene ziyenera kuchitidwa.
Ma stereotypes awa nthawi zambiri amanyalanyaza njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe anthu olemera amachitira ndi nkhani zamagulu. Ena amatanganidwa kwambiri ndi kupanga kusintha kwakukulu, pamene ena sangakhale okhudzana ndi zovuta za omwe ali ndi zochepa. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti zochita za anthu zimatha kusiyana, mosasamala kanthu za chuma chawo.
4. Lingaliro Loti Ochepa Amapeza Ntchito Chifukwa Chakuchepa Kwawo.
Pali stereotype yatsopano yomwe idawonekera, makamaka pambuyo poti kuvomereza kwachitika. Likusonyeza kuti anthu onse ang’onoang’ono, makamaka amayi ndi amitundu, agwiritse ntchito udindo wawo ngati anthu ochepa kuti apeze ntchito.
Izi ndizowopsa chifukwa zimati anthu onse ang'onoang'ono ndi aulesi komanso osakwanira pantchito zomwe amapeza. Zimafalitsanso chikhulupiriro chonama chakuti anthu ang'onoang'ono sangathe kuchita bwino popanda kuthandizidwa ndi mapulogalamu monga kuvomereza.
Chowonadi ndi chimenecho mapulogalamu ovomerezeka ndicholinga chofuna kuchita chilungamo kwa anthu ang'onoang'ono omwe adasalidwa komanso kuchitiridwa nkhanza m'mbuyomu. Popanda mapulogalamuwa, zingakhale zovuta kuti maguluwa apeze mwayi pantchito.
Mapulogalamuwa samangopereka ntchito potengera mbiri ya munthu. Amayesa kupanga mwayi wofanana kwa aliyense, kupatsa anthu ochepa mwayi pantchito zomwe mwina adaphonya chifukwa cha kupanda chilungamo m'mbuyomu.
5. Lingaliro Loti Amuna Ndi Abwino Pa Masamu Kuposa Akazi
Kwa zaka zambiri, anthu akhala akukhulupirira kuti amuna amachita bwino masamu kuposa akazi. Lingaliro ili limapweteka chifukwa limabweretsa mwayi wosafanana wa masamu ndi ntchito za sayansi. Chodabwitsa n’chakuti kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti amuna ndi akazi amachitanso chimodzimodzi pa masamu. Pali azimayi ambiri omwe amagwedeza masamu ndi sayansi nawonso!
Nthawi zina, anyamata amatha kupeza masamu apamwamba kuposa atsikana, koma sikuti ndi luso chabe. Mfundo zachikhalidwe zimagwiranso ntchito. Zikhalidwe zina zimauza atsikana kuti masamu sangawathandize, zomwe zimakhudza chidwi chawo komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito.
Zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi zenizeni. Amuna onse ali ndi kuthekera kwa masamu. Aliyense akapeza mwayi, luso limatha kuwala, kaya ndinu mnyamata kapena mtsikana.
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6. Lingaliro Loti Anthu Okalamba Amayiwala Kwambiri
Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti akale onse ndi oyiwala. Koma si zoona kwa aliyense. Anthu ena achikulire amakhala akuthwa kwambiri ngakhale akukula.
Sikoyenera kunena kuti okalamba onse ndi oiwala. Chikhulupirirochi chingapangitse moyo kukhala wovuta kwa okalamba omwe akufunabe kugwira ntchito. Ena amakakamizika kusiya ntchito ngakhale asanakonzekere.
Choyipa ndichakuti, chikhulupiriro ichi chingapangitse kukumbukira kuipiraipira! Anthu achikulire akamaganiza kuti amaiwala, amayamba kuwachitira zinthu ngati sangakumbukire. Choncho, okalamba sapeza mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito kukumbukira kwawo, zomwe zingawapangitse kuiwala kwambiri.
Choncho, nthawi zina, maganizo amenewa amakhala enieni chifukwa cha mmene anthu amachitira ndi anthu achikulire, osati chifukwa ndi zoona. Zili ngati kuzungulira - kukhulupirira kuti zimatheka!
7. Lingaliro Loti Anyamata Ndi Onyansa Ndi Odetsedwa
Nthawi zina anthu amaganiza kuti anyamata ndi osokonekera ndipo sakonda kusunga zinthu zaukhondo ndi ichi chakhala chimodzi mwazofala kwambiri zitsanzo zoipa.
Lingaliro ili likusonyeza kuti anyamata onse ndi ofanana, koma si zoona kwa aliyense. Anyamata ena amakonda zinthu mwadongosolo komanso mwadongosolo! Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti aliyense ndi wosiyana, ndipo si anyamata onse omwe ali ndi maganizo otere.
Pali anyamata omwe amasangalala ndi ukhondo komanso amasamalira bwino malo awo. Ma stereotypes, monga awa, nthawi zambiri amajambula aliyense ndi burashi imodzi, koma zoona zake, anthu ndi apadera. Ndi bwino kukhala ndi zokonda za momwe mumakondera zinthu, kaya ndinu mnyamata kapena mtsikana.
8. Lingaliro Loti Atsikana Sali Abwino Pamasewera
Lingaliro loti atsikana sachita bwino pamasewera ndi malingaliro olakwika. Ndi chikhulupiliro chakuti atsikana sangathe kuchita bwino pamasewera poyerekeza ndi anyamata. Maganizo ngati amenewa akhoza kukhala ovulaza chifukwa akhoza kulepheretsa atsikana kuyesera masewera kapena kukhulupirira luso lawo.
Atsikana ambiri amakonda masewera ndipo amachita bwino. Koma anthu akamakhulupirira zimenezi, zingakhudze mmene atsikana amachitidwira m’timu zamasewera kapenanso m’makalasi ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi. Mwina sangapeze mwayi wofanana ndi anyamata, zomwe sizabwino.
Ndikofunikira kutsutsana ndi malingaliro awa. Atsikana angakhale aluso ndiponso okonda masewera mofanana ndi anyamata. Akapatsidwa mwayi ndi kuthandizidwa, amatha kuchita zinthu zazikulu pamasewera aliwonse omwe angasankhe.
Aphunzitsi, aphunzitsi, ndi makolo sewerani gawo lofunikira pano. Kulimbikitsa atsikana kutenga nawo mbali m'masewera komanso kupereka mwayi wofanana kungathandize kuthetsa malingaliro awa. Aliyense akapeza mwayi, zimasonyeza kuti luso ndi chilakolako chofunika kwambiri kuposa jenda.
Potsutsa izi, timapanga malo ophatikizana omwe aliyense amadzimva kuti ali ndi mphamvu zotsatirira zomwe amakonda komanso maluso awo pamasewera, posatengera kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi.
9. Lingaliro Loti Achinyamata Onse Ndi Opanduka
Lingaliro lakuti achinyamata onse ndi opanduka ndi bodza. Ma stereotypes ndi osavuta, zikhulupiriro zolakwika nthawi zambiri zamagulu a anthu. Uyu akuti wachinyamata aliyense ndi wovuta, zomwe sizowona kwa aliyense.
Mfundo ngati zimenezi zingakhale zovulaza. Amapangitsa anthu kuganiza kuti achinyamata onse ndizovuta, zomwe si zabwino. Achinyamata ena amatsatira malamulo ndipo ali ndi udindo. Anthu ena akamakhulupirira zimenezi, zingakhudze mmene amachitira ndi achinyamata. Akhoza kuyembekezera mavuto koma osawapatsa mpata wabwino.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti munthu aliyense ndi wosiyana. Ma stereotypes amanyalanyaza izi ndikuyika aliyense m'bokosi lomwelo. Achinyamata angakakamizidwe kuchita zinthu zopanduka chifukwa cha maganizo amenewa, ngakhale atakhala kuti si choncho.
Kunena zoona, achinyamata ndi gulu losiyanasiyana lomwe lili ndi umunthu ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana. Ena angapanduke, koma ambiri amatsatira malamulo ndipo amakhala aulemu. Mfundo zokhuza achinyamata zimachepetsa momwe ena amawaonera komanso zimakhudza momwe amachitidwira.
10. Lingaliro Loti Ana Onse Samasangalala ndi Chakudya Chathanzi
Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti ana onse sakonda chakudya chopatsa thanzi. Lingaliro ili silowona kwa ana onse. Ana ena amakonda kudya zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, ndi zakudya zina zopatsa thanzi. Ndikofunika kuti musaganize kuti mwana aliyense sakonda zosankha zathanzi. Ena angakonde iwo!
Chifukwa chimodzi chimene chimachititsa anthu kukhala ndi maganizo amenewa n'chakuti ana ena amayamba kukana zakudya zatsopano kapena zachilendo. Koma m’kupita kwa nthaŵi, kuleza mtima, ndi kuwonekera, angayambe kuwakonda. Komanso, kutsatsa nthawi zambiri kumawonetsa ana akusangalala ndi zakudya zotsekemera kapena zofulumira, zomwe zimatha kulimbitsa malingaliro awa.
Makolo ndi owasamalira angathandize mwa kuyambitsa zakudya zosiyanasiyana zopatsa thanzi m’njira zosangalatsa ndi zopatsa chidwi. Kuphatikizira ana pokonzekera chakudya kapena kuwalola kusankha zakudya zabwino nthawi zina kungawalimbikitse kuyesa zakudya zatsopano. Komanso, kusonyeza kuti akuluakulu amasangalala komanso amapindula zakudya zopatsa thanzi akhoza kupanga kusiyana kwakukulu.
Kumbukirani, si ana onse amene sakonda chakudya chopatsa thanzi. Maganizo olakwika okhudza zakudya zomwe ana amakonda akhoza kuchepetsa zosankha zawo ndi mwayi wokulitsa madyedwe abwino. Kulimbikitsa kufufuza ndi kupereka zokumana nazo zabwino zazakudya kungathandize kuthetsa izi.
Kutsiliza:
Zitsanzo zoipa zomwe zafotokozedwa m'nkhani ino ndi zabodza komanso zokhudzana ndi magulu a anthu. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kumayambiriro kwa kukumana ndi munthu ndipo zimatengera zinthu ziwiri: momwe munthu amawonekera komanso momwe amawonekera bwino pazinthu.
Vuto ndi stereotypes sawona anthu ngati apadera. Amasonkhanitsa aliyense pamodzi kutengera chinthu chimodzi, monga jenda kapena mtundu. Zimenezi zingachititse kuti anthu azichitira ena zinthu mopanda chilungamo kapena kuti azidana naye. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti stereotypes si zolondola nthawi zonse. Munthu aliyense ndi wosiyana ndipo ayenera kuweruzidwa malinga ndi mmene iye alili, osati ndi gulu limene alimo.
Maganizo amenewa amabweretsa mavuto chifukwa akhoza kuchititsa anthu kuchitira anzawo zoipa. Sangapatse munthu mwayi chifukwa amakhulupirira zinthu zabodza. Mchitidwe wopanda chilungamowu ndi chifukwa chake kuli kofunika kumvetsetsa kuti aliyense ndi payekha, osati gulu chabe.
Siyani Mumakonda