Ageism imatanthawuza tsankho kapena tsankho kwa anthu malinga ndi msinkhu wawo. Izi zitha kuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana, monga kusankhana kuntchito komwe wina sangalandire ntchito kapena kukwezedwa chifukwa cha msinkhu wawo. Ukulu ndi chimodzi mwa zitsanzo za zaka, zomwe ndi pamene akuluakulu amachitira achinyamata mopanda chilungamo kapena osawaganizira. Digital ageism imachitika pamene achikulire achotsedwa kapena kunyalanyazidwa pakugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo kapena mwayi.
Mtundu wina ndi wa zaka zowoneka bwino, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa m'ma TV ngati Hollywood, pomwe malingaliro amangonena za mwayi wochepera zaka kwa ochita zisudzo kapena zisudzo. Ageism imakhudzanso kafukufuku wamawerengero, pomwe magulu ena amsinkhu amatha kunyalanyazidwa kapena kuimiridwa molakwika. Imapezekanso m'zachipatala, pomwe anthu okalamba sangalandire chithandizo choyenera kapena chisamaliro.
Kulimbana ndi ukalamba kungakhale kovuta. Zingakhudze thanzi la m'maganizo, kudzidalira, ndi zachuma. Komabe, pali njira zolimbana nazo. Izi zikuphatikiza kudziwitsa anthu, kutsutsa kusamalidwa mopanda chilungamo, komanso kulimbikitsa kuphatikizidwa m'malo antchito ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Kuyimirira motsutsana ndi ukalamba kungapangitse kusiyana pakupanga anthu olemekezeka komanso achilungamo kwa anthu azaka zonse.
Kodi Ageism ndi chiyani?
Ageism ndi pamene anthu amaweruza kapena kuchitira ena mosiyana chifukwa cha msinkhu wawo. Zimachitika kuntchito kapena m'moyo wamunthu, zomwe zimakhudza akulu akulu ndi achinyamata. Koma achikulire nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi tsankho chifukwa madera athu amakonda kusilira achinyamata.
Kukondera uku kumayamba msanga. Ngakhale tili ana, timaphunzira kuti ukalamba si wabwino ndipo anthu okalamba sangathe kuyendetsa bwino zinthu. Tikuwona izi pazotsatsa zomwe zikulonjeza kuti makwinya azisowa kapena makanema apa TV omwe akuwonetsa okalamba ngati sadziwa. Nthabwala ndi ndemanga zochokera kwa achibale ndi abwenzi zimathanso kufalitsa malingaliro okhudzana ndi zaka.
Ageism ikuwoneka ngati yabwino kuposa kusankhana mitundu kapena kugonana, komabe ndi vuto lalikulu. Kukonza sikudzangochitika mwadzidzidzi, komabe kunyalanyaza si yankho. Mukhoza kuchita zinthu zolimbana ndi zaka. Pochitapo kanthu, mumapangitsa moyo kukhala wabwino kwa inu nokha ndikuthandizira kukhazikitsa chikhalidwe chachilungamo pomwe zosagwirizana ndizosafunikira komanso tsankho sizichitika kawirikawiri.
Zitsanzo za Ageism
1. Tsankho Pantchito
Ageism kuntchito ndi chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zodziwika kwambiri. Zimakhudzana ndi kuzunzidwa kopanda chilungamo kwa anthu achikulire kuntchito ndipo adawonetsedwa ndi Loretto mu 2000. Palmore adawonjezeranso kuti mabwana nthawi zambiri amatcha antchito achikulire kukhala ouma khosi pakusintha, osapanga zambiri, komanso ovuta kuphunzitsa, malinga ndi kafukufuku wake wa 1999.
Pakadali pano, amayi amakumana ndi zokondera zaka zambiri chifukwa nthawi zambiri amawaganizira kuti amasiya ntchito akamabereka ana. Tsankho limeneli likhoza kuchepetsa mwayi wa ntchito ndi kukhudza momwe ogwira ntchito okalamba amawonekera ndi kuchitiridwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti akule mu ntchito zawo.
Sikuti kungokhala chilungamo; ndikuwonetsetsa kuti aliyense ali ndi mwayi wochita bwino pa ntchito zawo, mosasamala kanthu za msinkhu wawo kapena jenda. Ichi ndichifukwa chake pali kukakamiza kwa malo ogwira ntchito kuti agwirizane ndi kusiyanasiyana ndikusamalira aliyense malinga ndi luso lawo ndi luso lawo, m'malo mongotengera zaka kapena jenda.
Komanso Werengani: 15 Zitsanzo Zokondera Pagulu
2. Malingaliro Otengera Zaka Zakale
Mfundo zotengera zaka ndizofala, makamaka kwa anthu achikulire. Anthu nthawi zambiri amatcha kuiwala kwa okalamba ngati "mphindi yayikulu," ngakhale aliyense angayiwala zinthu. Mawu opweteka monga “nkhalamba yauve” kapena “ubwana wachiŵiri” amathandizira ku ukalamba, kuumba mmene timaonera anthu okalamba.
Palinso mawu akuti, “tsiku lothera nthawi yogonana,” osonyeza mfundo yakuti pambuyo pake munthu azioneka kuti sakuonekanso bwino pachibwenzi. Izi zimapanga kuweruza mopanda chilungamo kwa anthu okalamba, poganiza kuti onse ndi oiŵala kapena sakufunanso. Amanyalanyaza mikhalidwe yapadera ya munthu aliyense ndi zokumana nazo zake, ndikuziika m'magulu mopanda chilungamo potengera zaka.
Ndikofunika kutsutsa malingaliro awa, pozindikira kuti zaka sizimatanthauzira kufunika kapena luso la munthu. Aliyense, mosasamala kanthu za msinkhu wake, ayenera kulemekezedwa ndi kuchitiridwa zinthu mwachilungamo, popanda zikhulupiriro zolepheretsa ndi zolakwika izi. Kuvomereza kusiyanasiyana kwa zochitika ndi umunthu pakati pa okalamba kungathandize kuthetsa malingaliro oipawa.
3. Kukula
Ukulu ndi pamene akuluakulu amakondedwa kuposa achinyamata, ndipo pali kukondera kwa ana ndi achinyamata. Nthawi zambiri anthu amaganiza kuti achichepere sangathe kupereka zambiri ndikunyalanyaza malingaliro awo. Achinyamata nawonso amayembekezeredwa kuchita zinthu mwanjira inayake chifukwa chakuti ndi achichepere. Lingaliro lina logwirizana nalo ndilo “chigololo,” kumene anthu amakhulupirira kuti akulu okha ndi okhwima ndi olamulira poyerekezera ndi achichepere. Izi zikutanthauza kuti akuluakulu amakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso chikoka chifukwa cha msinkhu wawo.
Kukondera kumeneku kungakhudze mbali zosiyanasiyana za moyo, monga mmene achinyamata amachitidwira kusukulu, m’mabanja, ndi m’madera. Zitha kuchepetsa mwayi wawo wogawana malingaliro kapena kupanga zisankho, poganiza kuti alibe malingaliro ofunikira. Akuluakulu sangawaganizire mozama chifukwa cha msinkhu wawo, zomwe zingapangitse achinyamata kudziona kuti ndi osafunika.
Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa ndikutsutsa zokondera izi kuti tipeze mwayi kwa aliyense, mosasamala kanthu za msinkhu wake. Pozindikira ndi kulemekeza maganizo a achinyamata, tikhoza kupanga malo ogwirizana komanso othandizira kuti akule ndikuthandizira bwino anthu.
4. Tsankho Labwino
“Kusankhana Bwino,” liwu logwiritsiridwa ntchito m’zachikhalidwe cha anthu, limafotokoza mtundu wa tsankho pamene magulu a msinkhu wina, ponse paŵiri achichepere ndi achikulire omwe, amawonedwa mwachifundo koma amawonedwanso kukhala osakhoza kapena osakhoza kwenikweni. Mkhalidwe umenewu umaphatikizapo kuwalingalira kukhala aubwenzi koma osakhoza kotheratu. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku amene bungwe la Age Concern linachita anasonyeza kuti 48 peresenti ya anthu amene anafunsidwa anapeza kuti anthu azaka zoposa 70 ndi ochezeka, pamene 27 peresenti okha ndi amene ananena zofananazo ponena za azaka zosachepera 30.
Tsankho limeneli kaŵirikaŵiri limachokera ku malingaliro a anthu amene amagwirizanitsa magulu a zaka zina ndi mikhalidwe yeniyeni. Anthu amatha kuona okalamba kukhala okondana komanso osangalatsa koma amakhulupirira kuti alibe luso lotha kugwira ntchito kapena kupanga zisankho zofunika. Mofananamo, achichepere angawonedwe kukhala aubwenzi koma osatengedwa mopepuka chifukwa cha malingaliro a kusadziwa kapena kusakhwima kwawo.
Zokondera izi, ngakhale zikuwoneka ngati zabwino, zimathabe kuchepetsa mwayi ndikupanga ziyembekezo zopanda chilungamo potengera zaka zokha. Kuthana ndi tsankho labwino kumaphatikizapo kuzindikira malingaliro awa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti anthu amisinkhu yonse amalemekezedwa chifukwa cha luso lawo ndi zopereka zawo m'malo mongoweruzidwa potengera malingaliro okhudzana ndi zaka.
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5. Digital Ageism
Digital Ageism ndi chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zodziwika bwino; ndi pamene anthu amachitiridwa zinthu mopanda chilungamo chifukwa cha mmene amagwiritsira ntchito luso lamakono. Anthu ena amaganiza kuti achinyamata nthawi zonse amakhala ndi luso laukadaulo, koma amakhulupirira kuti okalamba sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito konse. Izi zimachitika chifukwa anthu achikulire satha kukhala ndi zida zambiri komanso sangaphunzitsidwe kuzigwiritsa ntchito moyenera. Chifukwa cha izi, sangakhale odzidalira pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo.
Zaka sichifukwa chenicheni chomwe munthu angavutike ndiukadaulo. Ndi zambiri za kusakhala ndi mwayi womwewo wophunzira kapena kuchita. Tangoganizani mutasewera masewera a kanema osawonetsedwa momwe zowongolera zimagwirira ntchito - zingakhale zovuta kusewera, sichoncho? Umu ndi momwe zimakhalira kwa anthu achikulire omwe amayesa ukadaulo popanda kuwaphunzitsa.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti aliyense angathe kuphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono, kaya ali ndi zaka zambiri. Nthawi zina zomwe zimafunika ndikuthandizidwa pang'ono kapena kuyeseza kuti muchepetse. Digital ageism imachitika pamene anthu akuganiza kuti wina sangathe kuphunzira chifukwa chakuti wakalamba, ndipo sichilungamo.
6. Ageism mu Healthcare
Ageism, monga momwe Robert Butler anafotokozera, sizongoganizira chabe za msinkhu. Zimakhudza kwambiri chisamaliro chaumoyo. M'malo azachipatala, tsankho lotengera zaka zimakhudza momwe madokotala amachitira odwala. Kuyambira pakuwunika koyambirira mpaka kusankha kwamankhwala, ukalamba umagwira ntchito. Tsoka ilo, odwala okalamba nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi malingaliro olakwika kuchokera kwa madokotala, omwe angawawone ngati opanda chiyembekezo kapena opanda chiyembekezo. Izi zimakhudza machiritso omwe amaperekedwa, pomwe madokotala nthawi zina amasankha kusamalidwa kwambiri, ndikuyika chisamaliro chofunikira m'malo mongofuna kuchira.
Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti odwala okalamba asalandire chithandizo chofanana ndi chomwe odwala achichepere angalandire. Ndi vuto lomwe likukhudza chisamaliro chaumoyo lomwe limakhudza momwe magulu osiyanasiyana amasamaliridwa komanso zosankha zachipatala zomwe amapangira. Tsankho lamtunduwu likhoza kusokoneza moyo wa munthu wina komanso kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala chopulumutsa moyo malinga ndi msinkhu wake.
Zotsatira za Ageism
Zakale zimadutsa mawu opweteka okha; zingakhudze kwambiri momwe mumamvera, thanzi lanu, moyo wanu wamagulu, komanso ndalama zanu. Kuchitiridwa zinthu mopanda chilungamo chifukwa cha msinkhu wanu kungayambitse mavuto ambiri.
Zotsatira zathupi
Ageism imatha kupangitsa anthu kufa achichepere. Kafukufuku wina anapeza kuti achikulire omwe ankaganiza kuti ndi opanda pake kapena osathandiza anali ndi moyo waufupi poyerekeza ndi omwe anali ndi maganizo abwino okhudza ukalamba. Kukhumudwa ndi msinkhu wanu kungakupangitseninso kudwala nthawi zambiri komanso kumakulepheretsani kupeza bwino mukadwala.
Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe izi zimachitika. Ngati mumadziona kuti ndinu oipa, mwina simungathe kudzisamaliranso. Mutha kudya zakudya zoyipa, kusuta, kumwa kwambiri, kapena kusamwa mankhwala monga momwe mumayenera kuchitira. Zingathenso kukupangitsani kukhala kovuta kubwerera pamene zoipa zikuchitika chifukwa mulibe chithandizo chokwanira kuchokera kwa ena.
Nthawi zina, madokotala amatha kuthandiza okalamba mosiyana chifukwa cha msinkhu wawo, ndipo izi zingapangitse thanzi lawo kukhala loipitsitsa. Sangalandire chithandizo chofanana kapena kukhala nawo m'maphunziro owathandiza kukhala athanzi. Kusalankhulana bwino ndi madokotala kungapangitsenso kuti zinthu ziipireipire, monga kusamwa mankhwala m'njira yoyenera.
Zotsatira Zaumoyo
Ndemanga za zaka zakubadwa kuchokera kwa achibale kapena ogwira nawo ntchito zimatha kukupangitsani kuti muzidziimba mlandu ndikukupangitsani kufunsa kuti ndinu wofunika. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kusakalamba kumatha kupangitsa thanzi lanu kukhala loipitsitsa komanso kupangitsa kukhumudwa. Bungwe la World Health Organization likuganiza kuti pafupifupi anthu 6 miliyoni omwe akuvutika maganizo padziko lonse lapansi angakhale chifukwa cha ukalamba.
Mukamakhulupirira zinthu zoipa zokhudza kukalamba, zikhoza kupangitsa ubongo wanu kugwira ntchito moipitsitsa. Mwina mungayambe kuiwala zinthu chifukwa choopa kukhala ngati mmene anthu amanenera za ukalamba. Kuopa uku kungakupangitseni kuti muzichita zoyipa kwambiri pazantchito, monga kukumbukira zinthu.
Zotsatira pa Social Life
Ageism ikhoza kukupangitsani kukhala nokha. Anthu akamakuchitirani zoipa chifukwa cha msinkhu wanu, mungapewe kucheza ndi anzanu komanso achibale anu. Mwinanso mungasiye kupita ku zochitika kapena malo chifukwa mumachita mantha kapena ngati simukufuna.
Nthawi zina, anthu amaganiza kuti okalamba sayenera kukhala okondana kapena kutuluka kunja, kotero amadzipatula. Zimenezi zingakupangitseni kumva kuti ndinu wekhawekha komanso wachisoni.
Kukhala wosungulumwa kungayambitsenso mavuto ena ambiri, monga kupsinjika maganizo, kugona kwambiri, ndi kudwala kwambiri. Zitha kupangitsa kuti matenda amisala aziipiraipira ndikupangitsa ubongo wanu kugwira ntchito bwino.
Zotsatira Zachuma
Ageism imathanso kusokoneza ndalama zanu. Mwina simungapeze ntchito kapena maphunziro abwino chifukwa anthu amakuchitirani mosiyana. Makampani ena amathanso kukulipirani zambiri pazinthu monga inshuwaransi chifukwa ndinu wamkulu.
Komanso, chifukwa anthu ena amaganiza kuti anthu achikulire alibe nzeru pa nkhani ya ndalama, angayese kukunyengererani. Kugwa pazamisala izi kungakupangitseni kutaya ndalama ndikumva chisoni kwambiri nazo.
Mmene Mungasamalire Zakale
Kusamalira ukalamba kumaphatikizapo kuvomereza zenizeni za ukalamba. Zosintha zimachitika tikamakalamba - mwina thupi lanu silikufulumira monga kale, maso kapena makutu anu amatha kufooka, ndipo makwinya amatha kuwoneka. Nkwachibadwa kusakondwa kapena kukayikira za kusinthaku. Musanyalanyaze malingaliro amenewo; palibe vuto kumva choncho.
Koma kumbukirani, pali zambiri kwa inu kuposa kusintha kwa zaka. Ngakhale kuti anthu anganene chiyani pa nkhani ya ukalamba, mudakali ndi zambiri patsogolo panu. Muli ndi nzeru ndi zokumana nazo zamtengo wapatali. Musalole zikhulupiriro za zaka, kaya mwa inu nokha kapena kwa ena, zikuchepetseni.
Kuti muthane ndi kukalamba, yambani kutsatira malangizo awa:
- Kudzivomera: Landirani zosinthazo ndipo dzichitireni chifundo.
- Maganizo: Muziganizira kwambiri zimene mungachite, osati zimene simungakwanitse kuchita.
- Zopereka: Zindikirani mtengo wanu - muli ndi zambiri zoti mupereke.
- Zovuta Zosiyanasiyana: Musalole kuti zikhulupiriro zosagwirizana ndi zaka zikulepheretseni.
- Njira Yothandizira: Dzizungulireni ndi anthu omwe amakukondani momwe mulili.
Ageism ikhoza kukhalapo, koma sichimatanthawuza inu. Landirani zaka zanu kwinaku mukukana kulola kuti zinthu zisinthe pamoyo wanu. Inu mukadali wodzaza ndi kuthekera ndi wofunika, mosasamala kanthu za msinkhu.
Zothandizira:
- Butler, RN (1969). "Age-ism: Mtundu wina wa tsankho". Gerontologist. Oxford University Press.
- Iversen, TN; Larsen, L.; Solem, PE (2009). “Kusanthula kwamalingaliro kwa zaka”. Nordic Psychology. Malingaliro a kampani Taylor & Francis Limited
- Kleyman, Paul. (2002). "Zithunzi za Ukalamba." Encyclopedia of Aging. Macmillan Reference USA.
- Loretto, W.; Duncan, C.; White, PJ (2000). “Ageism ndi ntchito: mikangano, kusamveka bwino, ndi malingaliro a achinyamata". Kukalamba & Society. Cambridge University Press.
Siyani Mumakonda