Climate change means the slow, long-lasting change in weather. It makes the Earth warmer and causes natural disasters such as strong hurricanes, floods, and long-lasting droughts.
Sometimes, climate change happens through natural causes, but when humans play a big part in it, it becomes a serious problem for all of us. It’s currently one of the most urgent issues we face in the world today.
Asayansi akhala akuyang'ana momwe ntchito za anthu, monga kutulutsa mpweya monga methane ndi carbon dioxide (CO2), zimakhudzira dziko lapansi. Mipweya imeneyi imagwira kutentha, kupangitsa Dziko lapansi kukhala lofunda, ndipo zimenezi zimabweretsa mavuto amitundumitundu.
Ever wondered about the main reasons behind climate change? There are 10 fundamental causes of climate change that scientists have identified. Let’s explore and understand them to grasp why we must take action.
10 Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kusintha kwa Nyengo
1. Kukula kwa Mafuta a Mafuta a Zakale
Fossil fuels play a significant role in climate change. When we use fossil fuels like oil and gas, harmful greenhouse gases are released into the Earth’s atmosphere. The process starts with extracting and developing these fuels.
Bungwe la Natural Resources Defense Council akuti kukula kwa mafuta ndi gasi ndizomwe zimayambitsa kusintha kwanyengo. Zochita monga kubowola, fracking, kunyamula, ndi kuyenga zimathandizira kutulutsa mpweya pagawo lililonse.
One specific concern is the release of methane, a potent greenhouse gas that traps more heat than carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Even when oil and gas wells are abandoned, they continue to leak methane.
In 2018, more than 3.2 million oil and gas wells in the United States released 281 kilotons of methane.
Kutuluka kwa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha kumeneku, makamaka methane, kumawonjezera mphamvu ya kusintha kwa nyengo. Ikuwunikiranso kufunikira kowunikanso kudalira kwathu pamafuta oyambira ndikupeza njira zina zopangira mphamvu zochepetsera chilengedwe.
2. Kudula mitengo
Deforestation is one of the major causes of climate change. It is when people deliberately cut down or thin out trees around the world. The biggest forests, mostly in South America, Central Africa, and Southeast Asia, are affected.
Malinga ndi nkhani (Effect of Deforestation on Climate Change), the cutting of trees emits C02 and this affects the variability of climate change. The climate change can be mitigated if we preserve forests in our home planet.
Mitengo ikadulidwa, mpweya wosungidwa mmenemo umatuluka mumlengalenga. Malinga ndi bungwe la Union of Concerned Scientists, mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide (CO2) wodula nkhalango za kumalo otentha umapanga zosakwana 10% za kuipitsa komwe kumayambitsa kutentha kwa dziko.
Kuti muchepetse zovuta za kusintha kwa nyengo, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kudula mitengo ndi kuteteza nkhalango zathu. Kuchitapo kanthu pofuna kuteteza zachilengedwezi kungathandize kwambiri kuthetsa kusintha kwa nyengo.
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3. Malo Otaya Zinyalala
Malo otayira zinyalala, omwe amadziwikanso kuti malo otayiramo zinyalala, ndi malo omwe anthu amataya zinyalala. Ngakhale kuti malowa akufuna kuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe komanso thanzi la anthu, amathandizira kusintha kwa nyengo.
Vuto lalikulu lagona pakutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha. Malinga ndi Environmental Center ku University of Boulder, zotayiramo zimatulutsa mpweya wochuluka wa methane, CO2, nthunzi wamadzi, ndi mpweya wina.
Chodetsa nkhawa china ndi kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa malo otayirako malowa. Ku United States kokha, kuli malo okwana 3,000 otayirako nthaka, okhala ndi maekala pafupifupi 2 miliyoni a malo achilengedwe. Kutayirako zinyalala mochulukira kumakhudza aliyense, zomwe zimakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa makamaka kwa anthu ndi nyama zomwe zimakhala moyandikana.
4. Mafuta a Fluorinated
Mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide (CO2) ndi methane nthawi zambiri amasonyezedwa kuti ndi amene amathandizira kwambiri kusintha kwa nyengo, koma palinso vuto lina: mpweya wa fluorinated, womwe umadziwika kuti F-gases. Mipweya yopangidwa ndi anthu imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso m'mafakitale.
Zipangizo za refrigeration ndi air conditioning, mafakitale apakompyuta, mankhwala, ndi kupanga aluminiyamu ndi zitsanzo za kumene mpweya umenewu ungapezeke, malinga ndi European Commission.
Ngakhale kuti F-mipweya imapanga 3% yokha ya mpweya wowonjezera kutentha ndipo samawononga mpweya wa ozone mumlengalenga, imakhala yodetsa nkhaŵa kwambiri chifukwa cha potency yawo. Mipweya imeneyi ndi yamphamvu kuwirikiza 23,000 kuposa CO2. Ndikofunikira kuzindikira momwe mpweya wa fluorinated umakhudzira kusintha kwa nyengo ndikuganizira njira zochepetsera zomwe akuchita.
5. makampani
M’mawu osavuta, “makampani” amatanthauza kupanga zinthu monga simenti, zitsulo, zovala, ndi zina. Makina akamapanga zinthu zimenezi, amatulutsa mpweya woipa umene umapangitsa kuti nyengo isinthe.
Bungwe la Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) akuti mafakitale ndi omwe amachititsa pafupifupi 24% ya mpweya wotenthetsera padziko lonse lapansi. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuwotcha mafuta opangira mphamvu ndi mpweya wochokera m'njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira.
Pamene chiŵerengero cha anthu chikuchulukirachulukira padziko lapansi, mafakitale nawonso akukula. Ndikofunikira kupeza njira zochepetsera utsi wopangidwa ndi gawoli. Izi zikutanthauza kutengera njira zoyeretsera komanso zokhazikika popanga. Tikatero, tingathandize kuteteza chilengedwe komanso kuthana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo.
6. Pulasitiki
Pulasitiki ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha kusintha kwa nyengo. Amapangidwa makamaka kuchokera ku mafuta oyaka, omwe amawononga chilengedwe. Pafupifupi mapulasitiki onse, pafupifupi 99%, amapangidwa kuchokera kumafuta awa. Titagwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki, nthawi zambiri sagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Ndi gawo laling'ono chabe, pafupifupi 9%, lomwe limasinthidwanso padziko lonse lapansi.
Zambiri zimathera kumalo otayirako nthaka, nkhalango, nyanja zamchere, ndi malo ena achilengedwe. pulasitiki ikawonongeka, imatulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha mumlengalenga ndi m'madzi. Izi zimawonjezera kuipitsa komanso kusintha kwanyengo. Choncho, pulasitiki ndi vuto lalikulu kwa chilengedwe.
7. Maulendo
Mu 2010, mayendedwe adathandizira pafupifupi 15% ya mpweya wotenthetsa dziko lapansi. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuipitsa kumene kumachitika chifukwa cha kutentha kwa mafuta oyaka mafuta m’ndege, m’galimoto, m’zombo, m’sitima, ndi m’magalimoto. Mpweya wochuluka womwe umatulutsa ndi carbon dioxide (CO2), makamaka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mafuta a petulo ndi dizilo.
Ku United States, mpweya wowonjezera kutentha umachokera ku magalimoto ndi magalimoto amasiku onse. Ndege zimathandizanso kwambiri kuipitsa chilengedwe, ndipo ndege za anthu olemera zimaonetsa mmene olemera amakhudzira nyengo. Kafukufuku wina anasonyeza kuti munthu amene amauluka m’ndege imatulutsa mpweya woipa kwambiri kuwirikiza ka 10 mpaka 20 kuposa munthu amene ali paulendo wa pandege.
Zomwe zapezazi zikugogomezera kufunika kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka anthu pazochitika zachilengedwe, makamaka kuipitsidwa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha maulendo omwe anthu ambiri amayendera komanso kukhudzidwa kwapadera kwa maulendo apandege pazambiri zotulutsa mpweya wa carbon.
8. Feteleza
Feteleza athandiza kwambiri popereka chakudya kwa anthu amene akuchulukirachulukira padziko lapansi. Feteleza wa nayitrojeni, makamaka, alimbikitsa kupanga chakudya, koma pali zovuta. Kupanga feteleza wopangira kumapangitsa pafupifupi 1.4% ya mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide (CO2) pachaka.
Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza kumathandizira kuti pakhale mpweya wopanda CO2. Komabe, ndizovuta kuyimitsa kupanga mwadzidzidzi chifukwa pafupifupi 48% ya anthu padziko lonse lapansi amadalira chakudya chomwe chimabzalidwa ndi feteleza wopangira.
Kuti tithane ndi vutoli, titha kufufuza kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zachilengedwe, kuchepetsa zotsatira zoyipa za feteleza wa nayitrogeni, ndikupanga njira zina zokhazikika. Masitepewa angathandize kuchepetsa kudalira kwa dziko pa feteleza wopangira.
Popeza kulinganiza pakati pa kukwaniritsa zofuna za chakudya cha anthu omwe akuchulukirachulukira ndikuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe kwa feteleza, titha kuyesetsa kukhala ndi tsogolo lokhazikika komanso lathanzi la dziko lathu lapansi.
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9. Kutulutsa Mphamvu ndi Kutentha
Kwa zaka zoposa 150, mafuta, malasha, ndi gasi zakhala zikuyenda padziko lonse lapansi. Zinthuzi, zomwe zimadziwika kuti mafuta oyambira pansi, zimapereka pafupifupi 80% ya mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi. Ku United States, malasha, mafuta, ndi gasi amathandizira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi. Mu 2020, malasha adapereka mphamvu 19%, pomwe mafuta ndi gasi aliyense adatenga gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu.
Ngakhale kuchulukirachulukira kogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zina monga mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mphepo, kudalira kwathu pamafuta amafuta amagetsi ndi kutentha kumakhalabe kwakukulu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti gawo lalikulu la mphamvu zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito popangira nyumba zathu, mabizinesi athu, ndi mafakitale athu zimachokera pakuwotcha mafuta awa.
Ngakhale magwero a mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa akupereka njira zina zoyeretsera, sanalowe m'malo mwa mafuta oyaka. Pamene tikupitiriza kufufuza ndi kupanga njira zothetsera mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu, kuchepetsa kudalira kwathu mafuta otsalira kudzakhala kofunika kwambiri kuti tichepetse kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndi kuonetsetsa kuti tsogolo lathu likhale lokhazikika.
10. Kudya Kwambiri
Kudya mopitirira muyeso ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu za kusintha kwa nyengo. Tikapanga mapulasitiki ochuluka, kuwononga chakudya, ndi kupanga magalimoto ambiri, zimayambitsa vutoli. Ngakhale zochita za munthu aliyense zili zofunika, si aliyense amene ali ndi udindo wofanana pazovuta za kusintha kwa nyengo.
Phunziro kuchokera Nyengo ya PLOS akuwonetsa kuti pafupifupi theka la kutentha kwa gasi wowonjezera kutentha ku US kumayambitsidwa ndi anthu olemera kwambiri aku America. Izi siziri chifukwa cha moyo wawo; amaikanso ndalama m’makampani amene amapanga mafuta oyaka.
Kudya mopitirira muyeso kumapitirira kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe timagula; zikugwirizananso ndi kufunafuna chuma chambiri mowonongera anthu ena ndi chilengedwe. Kuthana ndi vutoli kumafuna kuyesetsa kwapamodzi kuti tichepetse momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira ndikuganiziranso kufunafuna kwathu kuchulukirachulukira.
Siyani Mumakonda