Ophunzira ambiri akuganiza za tsogolo la dziko lathu lapansi. Ambiri akutembenukira ku sayansi ya chilengedwe. Gawoli limagwiritsa ntchito masamu ndi sayansi kuphunzira zamoyo Padziko Lapansi. Ngati izi zimakusangalatsani, ntchito mu Environmental Science ikhoza kukhala yoyenera kwa inu.
Ndi digiri ya sayansi ya zachilengedwe, mutha kupeza mwayi wambiri wantchito. Muphunzira maluso omwe angakuthandizeni kupeza ntchito zamalipiro abwino. Ntchitozi zikuphatikiza kufufuza zachilengedwe, maphunziro, kukhazikika, ndi kasungidwe.
Kuphunzira sayansi ya chilengedwe kumatsegula zitseko kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mutha kugwira ntchito muzachilengedwe, physics, kapena chemistry. Pali zambiri zomwe mungasankhe.
Kodi Mitundu Ya Sayansi Yachilengedwe Ndi Chiyani
Environmental Science Sayansi ya chilengedwe ndi phunziro lomwe limayang'ana momwe Dziko lapansi, madzi ake, mpweya wake, ndi zamoyo zimagwirizanirana. Imayang'ananso momwe anthu amakhudzira zinthuzi ndikuyesa kupeza njira zothetsera mavuto monga kusintha kwa nyengo ndi kutha kwa zomera ndi zinyama. Tsopano, tiyeni tifufuze mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya sayansi ya chilengedwe:
1. Ecology
Ecology ndi momwe zamoyo zapadziko lapansi zimagwirira ntchito. Asayansi amene amaphunzira za ecology, otchedwa ecologists, amafuna kudziwa mmene nyama, anthu, ndi zomera zimakhudzidwira ndi kumene zikukhala komanso mmene zimakhudzira malo okhala. Zili ngati kulingalira za ubale wa mbali zosiyanasiyana za chilengedwe.
Ecology sikutanthauza chinthu chimodzi chokha; ndi kusakaniza minda yambiri. Akatswiri a zachilengedwe amagwiritsa ntchito malingaliro ndi njira zochokera ku biology, chemistry, physics, ndi geology. Amabweretsa zidutswa zonsezi pamodzi kuti amvetsetse momwe mbali zamoyo ndi zopanda moyo za dziko lathu lapansi zimagwirira ntchito pamodzi.
Tangoganizani ngati chithunzi chachikulu chomwe chamoyo chilichonse ndi chilengedwe chake ndi zidutswa zomwe zimalumikizana. Poyang'ana chithunzithunzichi, akatswiri azachilengedwe amatha kuzindikira momwe kusintha kwa gawo limodzi kumakhudzira ena. Zimatithandizira kuphunzira zambiri za intaneti yodabwitsa yamalumikizidwe yomwe imapangitsa dziko lathu kukhala losangalatsa kwambiri.
2. Environmental Chemistry
Chemistry Zamachilengedwe ndi nthambi ya sayansi imene imafufuza mmene makemiko amagwirira ntchito ndi madzi, mpweya, nthaka, ndi zamoyo. Zimaphatikizapo magawo ang'onoang'ono monga toxicology, chemistry ya mumlengalenga, ndi chemistry yamadzi. Ngati mungasankhe kuphunzira chemistry yachilengedwe, maphunziro anu adzaphatikiza makalasi ndi zochitika zambiri za labotale zomwe zimayang'ana kwambiri, thupi, kusanthula, ndi organic chemistry.
M'mawu osavuta, chemistry yachilengedwe imatithandiza kumvetsetsa momwe zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimakhudzira malo athu. Kaya ndi mpweya umene timapuma, madzi omwe timamwa, kapena nthaka yomwe imachirikiza zomera, chilengedwe chimatithandiza kuzindikira kugwirizana kwa mankhwala ndi chilengedwe.
Pofufuza za kuyanjana kumeneku, asayansi pankhaniyi amathandizira kupeza njira zothetsera vuto la chilengedwe komanso kukhala ndi dziko lathanzi. Chifukwa chake, ngati mukufuna kudziwa momwe mankhwala amakhudzira chilengedwe ndipo mukufuna kukhudza bwino chilengedwe, kuphunzira chemistry yachilengedwe kungakhale njira yosangalatsa komanso yofunikira kwa inu.
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3. Sayansi ya mumlengalenga
Mu Atmospheric Sciences, timayang'ana kwambiri kuphunzira zakusintha kwanyengo ndi zotsatira zake. Mundawu umakhudzanso kuyang'ana mlengalenga wa Dziko Lapansi komanso momwe umagwirira ntchito ndi chilengedwe chozungulira. Pamaphunziro anu onse, mupeza momwe mungapangire zitsanzo zomwe zikuwonetsa kufalikira kwa mlengalenga, kulumikizana kwake ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana, komanso momwe nyama ndi anthu zimathandizira kutulutsa mpweya woipa.
Lamulo la sayansi limeneli limatithandiza kumvetsetsa maubwenzi ovuta pakati pa zochitika za mumlengalenga ndi kusintha kwa dziko, kupereka chidziwitso chofunikira pa zinthu zomwe zimakhudza nyengo yathu. Maphunziro a Scientific Sciences Sikuti amangovumbula zinsinsi za envulopu ya mpweya wa pulaneti lathu komanso kutithandiza kudziwa mmene anthu amakhudzira kusalimba mtima kwa dziko lapansi, makamaka ponena za kutuluka kwa carbon dioxide mumlengalenga.
Mukamawerenga nkhaniyi, mupeza chidziwitso chofunikira chokhudza maulalo ovuta kwambiri omwe amawongolera nyengo yathu komanso kukhudza moyo wa dziko lathu lapansi.
4. Sayansi ya Geoscience/Earth Science
Geoscience, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti sayansi yapadziko lapansi, imasonkhanitsa madera osiyanasiyana asayansi omwe amayang'ana pa Dziko Lapansi, monga sayansi ya nthaka ndi nthaka. Mundawu umafufuza momwe zinthu zilili komanso momwe zinthu zilili padziko lapansi komanso mlengalenga. Geoscience amafufuza zigawo zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, ndi mpweya.
M'mawu osavuta, akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo amaphunzira chilichonse chokhudza dziko lathu lapansi - kuchokera pansi tikuyenda kupita ku mpweya umene timapuma. Asayansi pankhaniyi amafufuza nthaka, miyala, madzi, ndi mpweya kuti amvetse mmene zimagwirizanirana ndi kusonkhezerana. Amafufuzanso zamoyo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhala padziko lapansi.
Tangoganizani za geoscience ngati chithunzithunzi chachikulu pomwe asayansi amaphatikiza chidziwitso kuti amvetsetse chithunzi chonse cha dziko lathu lapansi. Pophunzira mbali zolumikizanazi, akatswiri a sayansi ya nthaka amazindikira njira zomwe zimaumba Dziko lapansi ndi chilengedwe chake. Kudziwa kumeneku kumatithandiza kumvetsa bwino nyumba yathu ndi kupanga zisankho zanzeru kuti tiziyiteteza ndi kuisunga.
Mbali Zisanu Zofunika Kwambiri Zachilengedwe Chathu: Zida Zosiyanasiyana za Dziko Lapansi
Malo athu ali ndi zigawo zisanu zazikulu zomwe zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti pakhale zamoyo Padziko Lapansi. Tiyeni tione bwinobwino aliyense wa iwo.
- Dziko la Madzi - Hydrosphere: Hydrosphere imaphatikizapo madzi onse pansi, pansi, kapena pamwamba pa dziko lapansi. Izi zimaphatikizapo madzi amadzimadzi, omwe amaphimba pafupifupi 70% ya Dziko lapansi. Komabe, gawo laling’ono lokha la zimenezi ndi madzi abwino opezeka m’madzi apansi, m’nyanja, ndi m’mitsinje.
- Malo Okhazikika - Lithosphere: Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa Dziko Lolimba, lithosphere ndi gawo lakunja lomwe anthu amatcha kwawo. Zimatipatsa zinthu zofunika monga mchere, chakudya, ndi mafuta. Pokhala ndi kutumphuka ndi chovala chakumtunda, gawo lofunikira kwambiri la lithosphere ndi dothi, komwe mbewu zimamera komanso zamoyo zapadziko lapansi zimadalira kuti zipulumuke.
- Mpweya umene Timapuma - Atmosphere: Mpweya ndi mpweya wosakanikirana umene ukuzungulira Dziko Lapansi, umagwira ntchito ngati bulangeti lotetezera lofunika kwambiri kuti zamoyo zikhalepo. Kupitilira kutiteteza ku kuwala koyipa kwa UV, imapereka mpweya womwe timapuma, ndikuupanga kukhala gawo lofunika kwambiri pamoyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku.
- Dziko Lamoyo - Biosphere: Biosphere ndi gawo lokhalo la Padziko Lapansi pomwe zamoyo zimayenda bwino. Ndi kusakanikirana kogwirizana kwa mpweya, madzi, ndi dothi kumene kumapangitsa moyo kukhala wotheka m’malo ochepa ameneŵa. Chifukwa chake, biosphere imathandizira kwambiri kuti chilengedwe chathu chikhale cholimba.
- Malo Opangidwa ndi Anthu - Anthrosphere: Imadziwikanso kuti technosphere, anthrosphere ndi gawo la Dziko Lapansi lomwe anthu adalenga kapena kusintha kuti azikhalamo komanso ntchito zachuma. Kuchokera kumizinda kupita kumadera akumafakitale, anthroposphere akuwonetsa chizindikiritso cha chitukuko cha anthu padziko lapansi.
Kufunika kwa Maphunziro a Zachilengedwe
Maphunziro a zachilengedwe amatenga gawo lofunika kwambiri pazachitukuko. Mfundo zake zambiri zimagwira ntchito m'madera ofunika kwambiri, kuphatikizapo zachilengedwe zosiyanasiyana ndi zachilengedwe, kupewa ndi kuyang'anira kuwononga chilengedwe, komanso kasamalidwe kabwino ka zachilengedwe.
Gawo la sayansi ya chilengedwe limapereka mwayi wosiyanasiyana wa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala gawo lofunikira la maphunziro kwa iwo omwe akufuna kupanga zabwino. Chiyembekezo cha ntchito mu sayansi ya chilengedwe chimaphatikizapo upangiri, mafakitale, kutsatsa kobiriwira, ophunzira, ma NGO, mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi, maudindo aboma, ndi kulengeza kobiriwira.
Akatswiri a sayansi ya zachilengedwe amathandizira kuteteza zachilengedwe zosiyanasiyana, kupanga njira zopewera ndi kusamalira kuwononga chilengedwe, komanso kuyesetsa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zachilengedwe. Kukula kwa sayansi yachilengedwe ndikwambiri, kuwonetsa kufunikira kwake kuthana ndi zovuta zapadziko lonse lapansi zokhudzana ndi chilengedwe.
Anthu omwe akufunafuna ntchito ya sayansi ya zachilengedwe amatha kufufuza magawo osiyanasiyana, kuyambira kulangiza mabizinesi pamayendedwe okhazikika mpaka kulimbikitsa chidziwitso cha chilengedwe pantchito zaboma. Gawoli silimangoyang'ana zovuta zomwe zikuchitika komanso zachilengedwe komanso zimathandizira kuti tsogolo lawo likhale lokhazikika komanso labwino. Kumvetsetsa kufunikira kwa maphunziro a zachilengedwe ndikofunikira kwa anthu omwe akufuna kuthandizira paubwino wa dziko lathu lapansi ndi okhalamo.
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Zolinga za Maphunziro a Sayansi Yachilengedwe
Masiku ano, tikukumana ndi zovuta zambiri monga kuchepa kwa chilengedwe komanso kusintha kwa nyengo. Kuthetsa mavutowa kumafuna kuti aliyense atengepo mbali posamalira chilengedwe, ndipo maphunziro amathandiza kwambiri kuti zimenezi zitheke. Zolinga za maphunziro a sayansi ya zachilengedwe ndizofunikira kuti athane ndi izi mogwira mtima:
1. Kukulitsa Chidziwitso: Njira yoyamba yothetsera vuto lililonse ndikumvetsetsa. Sayansi ya chilengedwe ikufuna kudziwitsa ophunzira za zovuta zomwe zikuchitika komanso zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe.
2. Kusamutsa Chidziwitso: Maphunziro ndi ufulu wofunikira, ndipo maphunziro a sayansi ya zachilengedwe akufuna kudziwitsa ophunzira za chilengedwe ndi zigawo zake zosiyanasiyana.
3. Makhalidwe Abwino Olimbikitsa: Kudziwa kokha sikukwanira; anthu ayenera kulimbikitsidwa kuchitapo kanthu. Sayansi ya chilengedwe imayesetsa kulimbikitsa anthu kukhala ndi maganizo abwino, kuwalimbikitsa kuti azichita nawo ntchito yoteteza chilengedwe.
4. Kukula kwa Luso: Sayansi ya chilengedwe imayang'ana kwambiri kupatsa ophunzira luso lothandizira, kuwathandiza kupeza njira zothetsera mavuto omwe alipo kale.
5. Kulimbikitsa kutengapo mbali: Ophunzira akulimbikitsidwa kutenga nawo mbali pazochitika zomwe zimathandizira kuteteza chilengedwe. Cholinga chachikulu ndikuphatikiza anthu ambiri pakupanga zisankho, zomwe zimathandizira kuti pakhale njira zothetsera mavuto azachilengedwe.
Siyani Mumakonda