Da yawan ɗalibai suna tunanin makomar duniyarmu. Mutane da yawa suna juyawa zuwa kimiyyar muhalli. Wannan fanni yana amfani da lissafi da kimiyya don nazarin rayuwa a duniya. Idan wannan yana sha'awar ku, yin aiki a Kimiyyar Muhalli na iya zama daidai a gare ku.
Tare da digiri na kimiyyar muhalli, zaku iya samun damammakin ayyuka da yawa. Za ku koyi fasaha da za su iya haifar da ayyuka masu biyan kuɗi. Waɗannan ayyukan sun haɗa da binciken muhalli, ilimi, dorewa, da kiyayewa.
Karatun kimiyyar muhalli yana buɗe kofofin fagage daban-daban. Kuna iya aiki a cikin lafiyar muhalli, kimiyyar lissafi, ko sinadarai. Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don bincika.
Menene Nau'in Kimiyyar Muhalli
Kimiyyar Muhalli Kimiyyar muhalli wani batu ne da ke kallon yadda ake haɗa duniya, ruwanta, iska, da halittu masu rai. Haka kuma ana duba yadda mutane ke shafar wadannan abubuwa da kokarin lalubo hanyoyin magance matsaloli kamar sauyin yanayi da bacewar tsirrai da dabbobi. Yanzu, bari mu bincika nau'ikan kimiyyar muhalli iri-iri:
1. Ecology
Ecology duk game da yadda abubuwa masu rai a duniya suke hulɗa. Masana kimiyya da ke nazarin ilimin halittu, da ake kira ecologists, suna so su san yadda dabbobi, mutane, da tsire-tsire ke shafan wuraren da suke zaune, da kuma yadda suke shafar kewayen su. Yana kama da gano alakar da ke tsakanin sassa daban-daban na yanayi.
Ecology ba kawai game da abu daya ba ne; cakuduwar fage ne da yawa. Masanan ilimin halitta suna amfani da dabaru da hanyoyi daga ilmin halitta, sunadarai, kimiyyar lissafi, da ilimin geology. Suna tattara duka waɗannan sassa don fahimtar yadda rayayyun sassan duniyarmu da marasa rai suke aiki tare.
Ka yi la'akari da shi a matsayin babban wasa mai wuyar warwarewa inda kowane abu mai rai da mahallinsa ke zama guda waɗanda suka dace da juna. Ta hanyar kallon wannan wasa mai wuyar warwarewa, masu ilimin halitta zasu iya gano yadda canje-canje a cikin yanki ɗaya ke shafar sauran. Yana taimaka mana ƙarin koyo game da ban mamaki gidan yanar gizo na haɗin gwiwa wanda ke sa duniyarmu ta kayatar.
2. Kimiyyar Muhalli
Tsarin Kemistri wani reshe ne na kimiyya da ke nazarin yadda sinadarai ke mu'amala da ruwa, da iska, da kasa, da abubuwa masu rai. Ya haɗa da ƙananan filayen kamar toxicology, sunadarai na yanayi, da kuma ilimin kimiyyar ruwa. Idan kun zaɓi yin nazarin ilmin sinadarai na muhalli, aikin karatun ku zai ƙunshi azuzuwan da ayyukan dakin gwaje-gwaje da yawa waɗanda ke mai da hankali kan sinadarai na gabaɗaya, na zahiri, na nazari, da na halitta.
A cikin mafi sauƙi, sunadarai muhalli yana taimaka mana fahimtar yadda abubuwa daban-daban ke shafar kewayenmu. Ko iskar da muke shaka, ruwan da muke sha, ko kasa mai tallafawa rayuwar shuka, sinadarai na muhalli suna ba da haske kan alakar da ke tsakanin sinadarai da duniyar halitta.
Ta hanyar binciken waɗannan hulɗar, masana kimiyya a wannan fanni suna ba da gudummawar nemo mafita ga al'amuran muhalli da kuma kiyaye duniyar lafiya. Don haka, idan kuna sha'awar yadda sinadarai ke tasiri yanayi kuma kuna son yin tasiri mai kyau, nazarin sunadarai na muhalli zai iya zama hanya mai ban sha'awa da mahimmanci a gare ku.
Har ila yau Karanta: Digiri Nawa Zaku Iya Samu?
3. Kimiyyar yanayi
A cikin Kimiyyar yanayi, mun fi mai da hankali kan nazarin canjin yanayi da illolinsa. Wannan filin ya kunshi nazarin yanayin duniya da yadda take mu'amala da muhallin da ke kewaye. A cikin karatun ku, za ku gano yadda za ku ƙirƙiri samfuran da ke nuna yanayin zagayowar yanayi, mu'amalarsa da sinadarai daban-daban, da kuma hanyoyin da dabbobi da mutane ke ba da gudummawa wajen fitar da iskar carbon dioxide.
Wannan horo na kimiyya yana taimaka mana fahimtar hadaddun alaƙa tsakanin hanyoyin yanayi da canje-canje na duniya, yana ba da haske mai mahimmanci game da abubuwan da ke tasiri yanayin mu. Nazarin Kimiyya mai zurfi ba wai kawai ya tona asirin ambulan iska na duniyarmu ba, har ma yana ba da haske kan tasirin ɗan adam a kan ma'auni mai laushi na duniya, musamman game da sakin carbon dioxide a cikin sararin samaniya.
Ta hanyar nazarin wannan filin, za ku sami mahimmancin ilimi game da ƙaƙƙarfan yanar gizo na haɗin gwiwa waɗanda ke tsara yanayin mu da kuma tasiri ga jin daɗin duniyarmu.
4. Ilimin Geosciences/Kimiyyar Duniya
Ilimin Geosciences, wanda kuma aka sani da kimiyyar duniya, yana haɗa fannonin kimiyya daban-daban waɗanda ke mai da hankali kan Duniya, kamar kimiyyar ƙasan muhalli da ilimin ƙasa. Wannan fage yana binciken abubuwan da suka shafi zahiri da sinadarai na duniya da yanayinta. Geosciences suna bincika sassa daban-daban, gami da biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, da yanayi.
A cikin mafi sauƙi, geosciences suna nazarin komai game da duniyarmu - daga ƙasa muna tafiya zuwa iska da muke shaka. Masana kimiyya a wannan fannin suna nazarin ƙasa, duwatsu, ruwa, da iska don fahimtar yadda suke mu'amala da tasirin juna. Suna kuma bincika nau'ikan rayuwa iri-iri da ke cikin Duniya.
Ka yi tunanin geoscience a matsayin babban wuyar warwarewa inda masana kimiyya suka tattara bayanai don fahimtar dukkan hoton duniyarmu. Ta hanyar nazarin waɗannan ɓangarori masu haɗin gwiwa, masana kimiyyar ƙasa suna samun fahimtar hanyoyin da ke siffata Duniya da muhallinta. Wannan ilimin yana taimaka mana mu ƙara fahimtar gidanmu kuma mu yanke shawara mai kyau don karewa da adana shi.
Mabuɗin Mabuɗin Muhalli guda biyar: Abubuwan Duniya Daban-daban
Muhallin mu ya ƙunshi manyan sassa biyar waɗanda ke aiki tare don dorewar rayuwa a duniya. Bari mu kalli kowannen su da kyau.
- Duniyar Ruwa - Hydrosphere: Ruwan ruwa ya haɗa da duk ruwa akan, ƙarƙashin, ko sama da saman Duniya. Wannan ya ƙunshi ruwa mai ruwa, wanda ke rufe kusan kashi 70% na duniya. Duk da haka, kaɗan ne kawai na wannan ruwan da ake samu a cikin ruwan ƙasa, tafkuna, da koguna.
- Ƙasa mai ƙarfi - Lithosphere: Sau da yawa ana kiranta da ƙaƙƙarfan Duniya, lithosphere shine Layer na waje wanda mutane ke kira gida. Yana ba mu mahimman albarkatu kamar ma'adanai, abinci, da mai. Ya ƙunshi ɓawon burodi da riga na sama, mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren lithosphere shine ƙasa, inda tsire-tsire suke girma kuma kwayoyin halitta sun dogara ga rayuwa.
- Iskar da Muke Shaka - Yanayi: Yanayin garwaya ne na iskar gas da ke kewaye da duniya, yana aiki a matsayin bargo mai kariya mai mahimmanci don wanzuwa. Bayan kare mu daga hasarar UV masu cutarwa, yana ba da iskar da muke shaka, yana mai da shi wani yanki mai mahimmanci na rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun.
- Mulkin Rayuwa - Biosphere: Biosphere shine keɓantaccen yanki a duniya inda rayuwa ke bunƙasa. Haɗin haɗaɗɗiyar iska, ruwa, da ƙasa ne ke sa rayuwa ta yiwu a cikin wannan iyakataccen sarari. Saboda haka, biosphere yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye ma'auni mai laushi na yanayin mu.
- Wuraren da Dan Adam Ya Yi - Anthrosphere: Har ila yau, da aka sani da technosphere, anthrosphere wani yanki ne na Duniya wanda mutane suka ƙirƙira ko canza su don zama da ayyukan tattalin arziki. Daga birane zuwa yankunan masana'antu, anthroposphere yana nuna alamar wayewar ɗan adam a duniya.
Muhimmancin Nazarin Muhalli
Nazarin muhalli yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a fannoni daban-daban na ci gaba. Ka'idodinta masu fa'ida sun dace da mahimman fannoni, gami da ɗimbin halittu da kiyaye muhalli, rigakafi da sarrafa gurɓata yanayi, da kuma kula da albarkatun ƙasa mai dorewa.
Fannin kimiyyar muhalli yana ba da damar aiki iri-iri, yana mai da shi yanki mai mahimmanci na nazari ga masu sha'awar yin tasiri mai kyau. Abubuwan da ake sa ran aiki a kimiyyar muhalli sun haɗa da shawarwari, masana'antu, kasuwancin kore, masana ilimi, ƙungiyoyin sa-kai, hukumomin ƙasa da ƙasa, mukaman gwamnati, da ba da shawarwari.
Masu sana'a a kimiyyar muhalli suna ba da gudummawa ga kiyaye ɗimbin halittu da halittu, haɓaka dabarun hanawa da sarrafa gurɓatawa, da yin aiki don ɗaukar alhakin amfani da albarkatun ƙasa. Matsakaicin ilimin muhalli yana da yawa, yana nuna mahimmancinsa wajen magance ƙalubalen duniya da suka shafi muhalli.
Mutanen da ke neman sana'a a kimiyyar muhalli na iya bincika sassa daban-daban, tun daga ba da shawarwari kan kasuwanci kan ayyuka masu dorewa zuwa haɓaka wayar da kan muhalli a cikin ayyukan gwamnati. Wannan filin ba wai kawai yana magance matsalolin muhalli na yanzu ba har ma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara makoma mai ɗorewa da yanayin muhalli. Fahimtar mahimmancin nazarin muhalli yana da mahimmanci ga daidaikun mutane masu niyyar ba da gudummawa ga jin daɗin duniyarmu da mazaunanta.
Har ila yau Karanta: Shin Injiniya Kimiyya ce?
Manufofin Ilimin Kimiyyar Muhalli
A duniyar yau, muna fuskantar ƙalubale da yawa kamar raguwar albarkatun ƙasa da sauyin yanayi. Magance wadannan matsalolin na bukatar kowa ya taka rawa wajen kula da muhalli, kuma ilimi na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen cimma hakan. Makasudin nazarin kimiyyar muhalli suna da mahimmanci don magance waɗannan batutuwa yadda ya kamata:
1. Fadakarwa: Mataki na farko don magance kowace matsala shine fahimtarta. Kimiyyar muhalli na nufin haifar da wayar da kan masu koyo game da al'amuran muhalli na yanzu da kuma dalilai daban-daban na lalata muhalli.
2. Canja wurin Ilimi: Ilimi hakki ne na asali, kuma nazarin kimiyyar muhalli yana nufin samarwa xaliban ilimi game da muhalli da sassa daban-daban.
3. Halayen Kyawawan Ƙwarewa: Ilimi kadai bai isa ba; akwai bukatar mutane su zage damtse wajen daukar mataki. Kimiyyar muhalli tana ƙoƙarin ƙulla kyawawan halaye a cikin ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun mutane, yana ƙarfafa su da su taka rawa wajen kiyaye yanayi.
4. Haɓaka Ƙwarewa: Kimiyyar muhalli tana mai da hankali kan baiwa ɗalibai dabarun aiki, ba su damar samun mafita ga matsalolin muhalli da ake da su.
5. Ƙarfafa Shiga: Ana ƙarfafa xalibai da su taka rawar gani a ayyukan da ke ba da gudummawa ga kariyar muhalli. Maƙasudin ƙarshe shine a haɗa mutane da yawa a cikin hanyoyin yanke shawara, ba da gudummawa ga ingantattun hanyoyin magance matsalolin muhalli.
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