Tsire-tsire, kamar mutane da dabbobi, halittu ne masu rai. Wannan yana nufin dole ne su nemo hanyar da za su isar da bayanan halittarsu ga tsara na gaba. Tsire-tsire suna samun wannan ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sabbin tsire-tsire, waɗanda aka sani da zuriya, ta hanyoyi guda biyu: haifuwa ta jima'i da jima'i.
Haihuwar Botanical na iya zama mai rikitarwa, amma ba shi da wahala kamar yadda ake gani. Ƙwararrun dabaru na asali ba kawai zai iya zama cikawa ba amma kuma yana iya taimaka muku adana kuɗi ta hanyar rage buƙatar siyan sabbin tsire-tsire. Makullin ya ta'allaka ne cikin fahimtar hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa don yada takamaiman tsire-tsire da kuke so.
Wannan labarin yana nufin sauƙaƙa ra'ayin haifuwa na shuka don masu lambu na farko. Za mu bincika haifuwar jima'i da jima'i a cikin tsire-tsire, muna rushe ma'anarsu da tsarin su. Ta hanyar samun fahimtar waɗannan mahimman abubuwan, za ku zama mafi kyawun kayan aikin lambu, yin yanke shawara game da shuke-shuken da kuke son shuka.
Ko kuna sha'awar haifuwa kawai ko kuma kawai neman haɓaka ƙwarewar aikin lambu, wannan jagorar za ta ba da fa'ida mai mahimmanci a cikin harshe mai sauƙin fahimta.
Menene Haifuwar Shuka?
Haihuwar shuka shine yadda tsire-tsire ke da jarirai. Yana faruwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban don tsire-tsire daban-daban, kamar bishiyoyi, furanni, da kayan lambu. Akwai manyan hanyoyi guda biyu tsire-tsire ke yin jarirai: haifuwa ta jima'i da haihuwa.
A cikin haifuwa na jima'i, tsire-tsire suna yin tsaba. Ana iya dasa waɗannan iri don girma zuwa sababbin tsire-tsire. Ka yi tunanin shi kamar tsiron da ke yin ƙananan tsaba na jarirai waɗanda za su iya girma zuwa manyan tsiro.
A gefe guda, a cikin haifuwa na asexual, tsire-tsire suna yin jarirai ba tare da iri ba. Maimakon haka, suna girma sabon mai tushe da tushen daga ƙananan sassa sun yanke asalin shuka. Yana kama da tsiron da ke rufe kanta, yana ƙirƙirar kwafi waɗanda za su iya girma zuwa sabbin tsirrai.
Don haka, gabaɗaya, haifuwar shuka shine duk game da yadda tsire-tsire ke ƙirƙirar sabbin tsararraki. Wasu tsire-tsire suna yin ta ta hanyar yin iri, wasu kuma suna yin ta ta hanyar haɓaka sabbin sassa. Kowane shuka yana da nasa hanyar haifuwa, kuma yana da ban mamaki yadda suke yin shi!
Har ila yau Karanta: Shuka Mai Runduna: Yadda ake Shuka da Kula da Masu Runduna
Hanyar Haihuwar Jima'i a Tsire-tsire
Haihuwar jima'i a cikin tsire-tsire tsari ne mai ban sha'awa wanda ya bambanta tsakanin nau'ikan nau'ikan iri daban-daban. Tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire waɗanda ke yin jima'i sune farkon angiosperms, waɗanda tsire-tsire ne na fure. Ba kamar gymnosperms irin su conifers, angiosperms suna bin takamaiman jerin abubuwan da suka faru don kawo sabuwar rayuwa a duniya.
1. Meiosis
Tsire-tsire suna buƙatar hanya ta musamman don shirya don yin sabbin tsire-tsire. Ana kiran wannan tsari meiosis, nau'in rarraba tantanin halitta. A cikin meiosis, ƙwayoyin shuke-shuke suna rarraba chromosomes zuwa ƙwayoyin chromosome guda ɗaya, waɗanda ake kira Kwayoyin haploid.
Waɗannan sel na musamman, waɗanda aka sani da gametes, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haifuwa. Gametes kamar tubalan ginin sabbin tsire-tsire ne, kamar yadda maniyyi da ƙwayoyin kwai ke aiki a cikin dabbobi. Don haka, meiosis ita ce hanyar da tsire-tsire ke amfani da ita don ƙirƙirar waɗannan mahimman ƙwayoyin haifuwa, tabbatar da cewa sun shirya don yin sabbin tsire-tsire.
2. Pollination
Yawancin tsire-tsire a cikin lambuna tsire-tsire ne na furanni, kuma suna buƙatar pollination don hadi. Pollination yana faruwa lokacin da furanni a kan shuka suna musayar ƙwayoyin haifuwa. Akwai nau'i biyu: giciye-pollination tsakanin tsire-tsire biyu daban-daban da pollination na kai a cikin shuka iri ɗaya.
Tsire-tsire masu fure suna da mahimman sassa don pollination. Suna da sassa na maza, wanda ake kira stamens, waɗanda ke da anthers masu ɗauke da ƙwayar pollen. Har ila yau, suna da sassan mata, wanda ake kira carpels ko pistils, wanda ya ƙunshi stigma da ovules. Muhimmin tsari ya haɗa da canja wurin pollen daga anther zuwa stigma.
Kudan zuma, malam buɗe ido, jemagu, ko ma mai kula da lambu na iya canja wurin pollen. Hanyar ta kasance iri ɗaya: masu yin pollinators suna motsa pollen daga anther zuwa abin kunya. Daga can, yana tafiya ta cikin bututun pollen don takin gametophyte na mace, yana tabbatar da haifuwar shuka.
3. Haihuwa
Bayan pollination, lokacin sihiri yana faruwa lokacin da ƙananan sel daga namiji (sperm) da mace (kwai) suka taru. Suna haɗa ƙarfi don ƙirƙirar sel na musamman da ake kira zygotes, wanda ke da nau'ikan chromosomes guda biyu. A cikin tsire-tsire masu furanni, kamar waɗanda suke samar da 'ya'yan itace, ana kiran wannan tsari sau biyu hadi.
Wannan ƙungiyar kamar sigina ce ga shuka don fara girma 'ya'yan itace. Kamar farkon jaririn shuka ne! Wannan gaba ɗaya tsari yana da mahimmanci ga tsire-tsire don haifuwa da yin sabbin iri. Don haka, lokacin da pollination ya faru, kuma sel maza da mata suka hadu, yana kama da hanyar yanayi na cewa, "Bari mu ƙirƙiri sabon abu!"
Gabaɗaya, bayan pollen da ƙwai suna haɗuwa, suna haɗuwa don yin tantanin halitta na musamman, kuma wannan shine farkon shukar jarirai. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman ga tsire-tsire masu fure saboda yana haifar da haɓakar 'ya'yan itace, waɗanda ke ɗauke da iri don sabbin tsire-tsire. Yanayi yana da nata hanyar tabbatar da cewa tsire-tsire suna ci gaba da girma kuma suna yin ƙarin kansu!
Tsarin Haihuwar Jima'i a Tsire-tsire
Tsire-tsire na iya yin sabbin tsire-tsire ba tare da buƙatar tsaba ko pollination ba - ana kiran wannan haifuwar asexual. Ya fi sauƙi fiye da tsarin haifuwa na jima'i a cikin tsire-tsire. Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu da tsire-tsire ke yin haka a cikin lambuna: budding da masu gudu.
Wasu tsire-tsire, irin su ginger da albasa, suna amfani da hanya mai sauƙi. Suna girma karin toho a kan mai tushe wanda ya juya zuwa sabbin tsire-tsire. Ka yi tunanin shi kamar yin kwafin kansu.
Sauran tsire-tsire, kamar strawberries, suna da nau'in tushe na musamman da ake kira stolons. Waɗannan masu tushe suna gudana tare da ƙasa, kuma idan sun sami wuri mai kyau, sai su yi saiwa kuma su yi sabon tsiro. Yana kama da shuka yana aika mai gudu don ƙirƙirar sabon ɗan ƙungiyar.
A cikin duniyar tsiro, haifuwar asexual kamar yadda yanayi ke yin kwafi. Maimakon dogara ga tsaba ko furanni, waɗannan tsire-tsire suna da nasu hanyoyin musamman don haɓaka sabbin tsararraki. Don haka, lokaci na gaba da kuka ga sabon tsiro a cikin lambun ku, mai yiwuwa ya fara kamar ɗan toho ko mai gudu yana samun cikakkiyar tabo don girma zuwa sabuwar shuka.
Har ila yau Karanta: Yadda ake girma Arugula a cikin lambun ku
Me yasa Gardners ke buƙatar fahimtar Haifuwar Shuka
A cikin lambu, haifuwa shuka yana da mahimmanci. Sanin asali yana taimakawa wajen tabbatar da amfanin gonakin ku a kowace shekara, yana ceton ku daga siyan iri ko tsire-tsire. Binciken hanyoyin haifuwa na tsire-tsire naka yana jagorantar ku wajen zaɓar hanyar da ta dace don yaduwa.
Haifuwa shuka yana da mahimmanci don dorewar lambu. Sauƙaƙan fahimtar wannan tsari yana ba ku ikon kula da amfanin gonakin ku kowace shekara ba tare da buƙatar sake siyan iri ko tsiro ba.
1. Shuka Shuka daga iri
Ga shuke-shuken da suke hayayyafa ta hanyar iri, hanya mafi sauƙi don girma sababbi ita ce ta tattarawa da adana irir da suke samarwa. Idan kuna da kayan lambu masu ganye, kamar latas, kuma kuna son adana tsaba, bari kaɗan daga cikinsu su je iri. Ajiye wasu kawunan a cikin ƙasa har sai sun samar da kutuwar fure. Da zarar kullin furen ya bayyana, rufe shi da jakar takarda kuma girgiza tsaba a cikin jakar.
Don kayan lambu masu 'ya'yan itace, irin su eggplants, bari su yi ɗan girma fiye da yadda aka saba akan shuka kafin girbi. Bayan haka, a yanka kayan lambun, a fitar da tsaba, a bushe, a adana su a cikin kwalba. Ta bin waɗannan matakai masu sauƙi, za ku iya sake fara zagayowar rayuwar shuka a kakar wasa ta gaba.
Shuka tsire-tsire daga tsaba hanya ce madaidaiciya don tabbatar da ci gaba da wadatar kayan lambu da kuka fi so. Ko ganyen ganye ne ko ’ya’yan itace, fahimtar tushen tarin iri da adanawa yana ba ku damar jin daɗin girbi mai yawa kowace shekara.
2. Yada Shuka ta hanyar Rarraba
Don ƙirƙirar sabbin tsire-tsire ba tare da tsaba ba, zaku iya amfani da hanyar da ake kira rarraba. Wannan ya haɗa da ɗaukar ɗan ƙaramin yanki na shukar iyaye wanda ya riga ya sami tushensa, raba shi, da dasa shi a wani wuri daban. Tushen yana taimaka wa sabon shuka ya fara sha ruwa da abubuwan gina jiki nan da nan.
Rarraba ya dace da tsire-tsire waɗanda ke tsiro a cikin dunƙule, kamar furanni masu yawa da kwararan fitila. Waɗannan tsire-tsire suna da tushen tushe da yawa waɗanda ke fitowa daga faɗuwar tushen tushen. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa rarraba ba zai yi aiki ga bishiyoyi kamar bishiyoyin pecan tare da gangar jikin guda ɗaya ko tsire-tsire kamar sunflowers tare da igiya guda ɗaya ba.
Wannan fasaha mai sauƙi yana ba masu lambu damar yadawa da fadada tarin tsire-tsire cikin sauƙi.
Har ila yau Karanta: Yadda ake Shuka Dahlias a cikin lambun furenku
3. Haihuwar Shuka tare da Yanke
Yanke hanya ce ta yin sabbin tsiro ba tare da raba kara daga tushen sa ba. Kamar dabarar sihiri ce ga tsirrai! Kuna iya yanke guntun tsiron da balagagge, ku dasa shi a cikin ƙasa, ku gan shi yana tsiro saiwoyi da sabbin harbe, kamar yadda iri ke tsiro. Ko da yake wannan na iya aiki ga kowane shuka, wasu nau'ikan sun fi kyau a girma tushen daga cuttings.
Tsire-tsire kamar succulents da tubers suna da sauƙin yin amfani da yankan. Don haka, maimakon mu'amala da tsaba ko raba tushen da mai tushe, zaku iya amfani da wannan hanyar yanke sanyi don ƙirƙirar sabbin tsire-tsire. Yana kama da baiwa shuka damar girma ta biyu, kuma hanya ce mai kyau don faɗaɗa lambun ku ba tare da hayaniya ba. Gwada shi tare da tsire-tsire da kuka fi so kuma kallon su suna ninka!
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