Menene Makarantun Ivy League 12? Su ne Jami'ar Brown, Jami'ar Harvard, Jami'ar Cornell, Jami'ar Princeton, Jami'ar Dartmouth, Jami'ar Yale, Jami'ar Columbia da Jami'ar Pennsylvania.
Kafin mu shiga cikin abin da wannan labarin yake musamman game da shi, wanda shine tattauna jerin makarantun Ivy League da matsayi.
Makarantun hukuma takwas a cikin jerin Makarantun Ivy League ana kiran su Ivy League saboda suna cikin taron wasannin motsa jiki na Ivy League, lokaci! Amma yayin da lokaci ya ci gaba, saboda yanayin zaɓin waɗannan jami'o'in, da kuma yadda suke da girma, mutane sun fara fassara Ivy League cewa abu ɗaya ne da daraja.
Babu shakka, waɗannan makarantu suna da daraja kuma suna da zaɓaɓɓu sosai tsari na shigowa amma ba wannan ne ya sa aka fara kiran su Ivy League ba, an sanya musu sunan ne saboda suna cikin Taron wasannin motsa jiki na Ivy League.
Yayin da kake kara karantawa a cikin wannan labarin, za ku fahimci cewa akwai wasu jami'o'in da ba a cikin wannan jerin amma sun fi wasu "Ivies" daraja.
Ka tuna cewa makarantun ivy league ba goma sha biyu ba ne - su ne kawai 8. Amma mutane da yawa suna kuskuren sauran manyan jami'o'i hudu na zama a cikin Ivies kuma mun lissafa waɗannan cibiyoyi hudu a cikin wannan labarin. Hakanan kuna iya ganin dalla-dalla matakin darajar makarantun Ivy League.
Idan kuna tunanin yin karatu a cikin kowane ɗayan Ivies, akwai abubuwan da kuke buƙatar la'akari kuma mun tattauna wasu daga cikin waɗannan abubuwan.
Menene makarantar ivy league?
A halin yanzu kwalejoji na Ivy League sune mafi daraja a cikin duk jami'o'in da ke cikin Amurka ta Amurka. Makarantun suna da martaba sosai ta yadda a mafarki mutum ya shiga kowanne daga cikinsu
Daga cikin dukkanin cibiyoyin ilimi a cikin Amurka don neman ilimi mai zurfi ana ɗaukar waɗannan kwalejoji a matsayin manyan jami'o'i. Hakanan su ne makarantun da aka fi nema kuma suna da zaɓin karɓa sosai.
Shin Makarantun Ivy League 12 ne ko kawai 8 a lamba
Maganar gaskiya ita ce makarantun Ivy League 8 ne kawai, amma yawancin mutane suna tunanin cewa su 12 ne saboda sauran makarantu hudu da ke da adadin suna da daraja sosai wanda yawancin mutane suna kuskuren suna cikin makarantun Ivy League.
Kafin mu ci gaba da magana kan jerin sunayen Makarantun Ivy League za mu fara duba sauran jami’o’in hudu, domin fitar da su daga hanya.
Bayan mun yi magana a taƙaice game da waɗannan jami'o'i 4, za mu ci gaba da magana game da Ivies, matsayinsu da duk bayanan da za su kasance masu mahimmanci a cikin wannan labarin.
Har ila yau Karanta: Yaya don Shiga Makarantar Ivy League da ƙimar Karɓarsu
Sauran Makarantu hudu da mutane ke kuskure don Makarantun Ivy League
Wannan jerin ba jerin Jami'o'in Ivy League bane. Makarantu ne da suke da daraja har ana ganin suna cikin Ivies, amma ba a lissafta su a hukumance ba!
Stanford University
Dangane da martabar Labaran {asar Amirka.ref), makarantar tana matsayi na 3 tare da Harvard da Yale a cikin Matsayin Jami'ar Ƙasa. Shahararriyar sa na iya kasancewa saboda tsananin ƙimar shigar sa na kashi 4 kawai.
MIT (Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts)
MIT (Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts) makarantar girmamawa ce kuma zaɓaɓɓu tare da ƙimar karɓa na 7%. Tana matsayi na 2 a Matsayin Jami'ar Ƙasar Amurka.
Arewa maso yamma Jami'ar
Northwest galibi ana kuskuren zama makarantar Ivy League saboda babban matsayi da karbuwarta. Yana da lamba 10 a cikin USNews National University Rankings kuma yana da ƙimar karɓa na 8% kawai.
Jami'ar Chicago
Jami'ar Chicago tana matsayi na 6th, matsayi ɗaya a gaban Penn wanda ke matsayi na 7 a Matsayin Jami'ar USNews na Ƙasa. Adadin karɓar sa shine kawai 7%, wanda ya sanya shi akan matakin daidai da yawancin Ivy League.
Jerin Makarantun Ivy League 8 Jami'ai
A ƙasa akwai jerin Ivies:
- Jami'ar Brown
- Jami'ar Colombia
- Jami'ar Cornell
- Jami'ar Dartmouth
- Harvard University
- Jami'ar Pennsylvania
- Princeton University
- Jami'ar Yale
# 1. Jami’ar Brown
Jami'ar Brown makarantar Ivy League ce. Cibiyar ilimi ita ce jami'ar bincike a Providence, Rhode Island. An san shi don tsattsauran ra'ayi da sassauƙa na buɗe darussa da shirye-shiryen karatu - wani nau'in shiri ne wanda ke ba ɗalibai damar zaɓar shirin karatu ɗaya.
Gabaɗaya, ivies suna da zaɓi sosai kuma Jami'ar Brown ba ta bambanta ba. Makarantar tana da matsakaicin ƙimar karɓa na 8% kawai, kuma matsakaicin SAT da ACT na ɗaliban da aka karɓa a makarantar shine 1440-1520 da 32-35 bi da bi.
#2. Jami'ar Columbia
Jami'ar Columbia makarantar Ivy League ce. Babbar cibiyar ilimi tana cikin New York. A cewar 2023 Jerin Mafi kyawun Kwalejoji na Niche, Jami'ar Columbia tana matsayi na 2 a cikin mafi kyawun kwalejoji na falsafa a Amurka, na farko a cikin mafi kyawun kwalejoji na Ingilishi a Amurka, kuma a cikin mafi kyawun kwalejojin fasaha a Amurka.
Babbar cibiyar ilimi tana ba da ɗaruruwan bincike da fagagen karatu da cibiyoyi sama da 200 don bincike da cibiyoyi.
Jami'ar Columbia ta fi zaɓe a cikin tsarin shigar - har ma fiye da Jami'ar Brown. Makarantar tana da karɓa na 7% bisa ga Niche.
A matsakaita, ɗaliban da suka sami shiga makarantar suna da maki SAT da ACT na 1450-1560 da 33-35 bi da bi. Jami'ar tana ɗaya daga cikin makarantun Ivy League a Amurka.
#3. Jami'ar Cornell
Dangane da Wikipedia, Jami'ar Cornell babbar cibiyar ilimi ce wacce aka kafa a 1865 ta Ezra Cornell. Makarantar tana cikin Ithaca, New York, kuma tana da ɗalibai sama da 15,000. Shahararrun manyan makarantu sun haɗa da ilimin halitta, tattalin arziki, da kimiyyar kwamfuta.
Bisa lafazin Mafi kyawun Makarantun Niche, makarantar ta kasance ta farko a cikin mafi kyawun kwalejojin kimiyyar aikin gona a Amurka kuma na uku a cikin mafi kyawun kwalejojin gine-gine a Amurka.
Duk Ivies suna da zaɓi sosai wanda ke bayanin dalilin da yasa Jami'ar Cornell ke aiki akan ƙimar karɓa na 11% kuma ɗaliban da suka yarda suna da maki SAT da ACT na 1390-1540 da 32-34 ACT akan matsakaita.
#4. Kolejin Dartmouth
Kwalejin Dartmouth ɗaya ce daga cikin Ivies. Makarantar tana da martaba sosai kuma tana cikin Hanover, New Hampshire - makarantar farko a New Hampshire.
Idan aka kwatanta da sauran makarantu a wannan jerin, wannan karamar makaranta ce da ke da ɗalibai sama da 4,000. Dartmouth yana bin hanya ɗaya kamar sauran Ivies tare da ƙimar karɓa na 9%, yana mai da shi zaɓi sosai.
Daliban da aka yarda da su a wannan makarantar ilimi ta duniya suna da maki SAT da ACT na 1,420-1560 da 31-35 ACT bi da bi.
#5. Jami'ar Harvard
Jami'ar Harvard shahararriyar makaranta ce, mai yiwuwa ita ce mafi daraja a cikin dukkan Ivies. Harvard yana cikin Cambridge, Massachusetts. Cibiyar ilimi ba ta da girma sosai, amma matsakaicin girmanta, tana ɗaukar ɗalibai kusan 7,000.
Kamar sauran Ivies, Harvard makarantar zaɓaɓɓe ce tare da ƙimar karɓa na 5% kawai.
Daliban da aka shigar da su cikin ɗaliban Harvard yawanci suna da maki SAT da ACT na 1460 – 1580, da 33 – 35 bi da bi.
Dangane da mafi kyawun kwalejoji na kwanan nan, Jami'ar Harvard tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan jami'o'i a Amurka kuma ta mamaye matsayi na farko wajen ba da mafi kyawun shirye-shiryen digiri a fannonin ilimin halitta da kimiyyar siyasa.
Har ila yau Karanta: Darussan kan layi kyauta a Jami'ar Harvard tare da Takaddun shaida
#6. Jami'ar Princeton
Jami'ar Princeton na ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin makarantu a Amurka. Bisa lafazin wikipedia, Princeton ya koma Newark a 1747 bayan da aka fara kafa ta a 1746. Makarantar ita ce ta hudu a cikin tsofaffin jami'o'i a Amurka.
Makarantar ba babbar makaranta ba ce. Maimakon haka makarantar matsakaici ce wacce ke ɗaukar ɗalibai 5,000 kawai, kuma kamar sauran Ivies, makarantar tana da zaɓi sosai tare da ƙimar karɓa na 5% kawai.
Wasu shahararrun digirin da ake bayarwa a cibiyar sune injiniyan kwamfuta, tattalin arziki, da kuma nazarin manufofin jama'a.
Cibiyar ilimi tana ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma a tsakanin makarantun Ivy League kuma tana matsayi na biyu a cikin mafi kyawun jami'o'i a Amurka don bincike kan kimiyyar siyasa da nazarin manufofin jama'a.
Makin ɗalibai na SAT da ACT sun bambanta daga 1440 zuwa 1570, da 32 zuwa 35 bi da bi.
#7. Jami'ar Pennsylvania
Jami'ar Pennsylvania kuma ana kiranta da suna Penn. Makarantar makarantar Ivy League ce da ke Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Ba kamar wasu daga cikin Ivies masu matsakaicin girma ba. Makarantar babbar makaranta ce, tare da matsakaicin ɗalibai 10,000. Makarantar tana bin hanyar zaɓi ɗaya wajen shigar da ɗalibai kamar yadda ƙimar karɓar makarantar ya kai 8%.
Shahararrun shirye-shiryen digiri da babbar jami'ar Pennsylvania ke bayarwa sun haɗa da kuɗi, jinya, da kasuwanci. Yana daya daga cikin shahararrun Ivies. Makarantar tana matsayi na farko a cikin jami'o'in kasuwanci na Amurka. Matsakaicin adadin SAT da ACT sune 1420 - 1550, da 32 - 35 bi da bi.
#8. Jami'ar Yale
Jami'ar Yale wata kwalejin fasaha ce ta Ivy League da kwalejin bincike wacce ke New Haven, Connecticut. Yana matsayi na farko a cikin mafi kyawun jami'o'i a Amurka kuma yana da ƙimar karɓa na 6%.
Makarantar tana matsayi na farko a cikin mafi kyawun jami'o'i don nazarin tarihi. Kamar sauran manyan makarantu a cikin jerin, matakan makarantar suna da zaɓi sosai dangane da ƙimar karɓuwar su.
Makarantar tana karɓar ɗalibai masu matsakaicin SAT da ACT na 1460-1570 da 33-35 bi da bi.
Har ila yau karanta: Jami'ar Indiana Bloomington: Shiga, Matsayi, Bukatun
Ina makarantun Ivy League 8 suke?
- Jami'ar Brown tana cikin Providence, Rhode Island.
- Jami'ar Columbia tana cikin birnin New York, New York
- Jami'ar Cornell tana cikin Ithaca, New York
- Kwalejin Dartmouth tana cikin Hanover, New Hampshire
- Jami'ar Harvard tana cikin Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Jami'ar Pennsylvania tana cikin Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Jami'ar Princeton tana cikin Jami'ar Princeton
- Jami'ar Yale tana cikin New Haven, Connecticut
Matsayin Makarantun Ivy League
Matsayin da ke ƙasa yana bisa ga bayanan da aka bayar USNEWS.COM Matsayin Jami'ar Ƙasa:
NAME | RANAR JAMI'AR KASA | |
Princeton University | 1 | |
Harvard University | 3 (daure) | |
Jami'ar Yale | 3 (daure) | |
Jami'ar Pennsylvania | 7 (daure) | |
Kolejin Dartmouth | 12 | |
Jami'ar Brown | 13 (daure) | |
Jami'ar Cornell | 17 | |
Columbia University | 18 (daure) |
Har ila yau karanta: Admission a Jami'o'in Amurka don Dalibai na Duniya
Me yasa ya kamata ku kula da jami'o'in Ivy League?
Lokacin da kuka fara neman digiri na farko da digiri na biyu, wataƙila waɗannan jami'o'in za su fara jan hankalin ku saboda dalilai iri-iri.
Abu na farko shi ne, albarkatun da wadannan jami’o’in suka mallaka su ne abin da suke amfani da su wajen jawo matasa masu himma da ƙwazo da ƙwazo daga ko’ina cikin duniya kamar ku. Abu na biyu kuma shi ne, wadannan makarantu suna da martaba kuma za su taimaka wa duk dalibin da ya kammala karatunsa na daya daga cikinsu ya kasance a kan gaba. sana'o'in sana'a.
A matsayinka na ɗalibi, za ka iya ci gaba da ƙwazo a fannin shari'a, likitanci, na'urar injiniya, kasuwanci, da sauransu tare da shawarwarin da waɗannan manyan makarantu ke bayarwa.
Jami'o'in Ivy League da gaske sun mamaye filayen da aka ambata a sama idan aka zo batun samar da ɗalibai masu daraja ta duniya a waɗannan fagagen. Lokacin da kuke ɗaliban waɗannan digiri a kowane ɗayan kwalejojin Ivy League za ku zama masu daraja sosai bayan kammala karatun.
Hakanan yana da mahimmanci ku sani cewa waɗannan makarantu ba su da arha. A zahiri, suna cikin makarantu mafi tsada a cikin - idan kuna fatan halartar ɗayan waɗannan manyan cibiyoyi sannan ku kasance a shirye don biyan wani abu tsakanin dalar Amurka 55,000 zuwa dalar Amurka 60,000 a shekara.
Abin farin ciki, suna kuma ba da tallafin kuɗi da yawa ga mafi kyawun ɗalibai ta hanyar tallafin karatu. Wataƙila kana ɗaya daga cikinsu!
Matsakaicin Kudin Kwalejin Ivy League
A cikin shekarar makaranta ta 2020-21, matsakaicin kuɗin koyarwa na makarantar Ivy League shine $ 56,746. Tebu mai zuwa yana nuna kuɗin karatun da kowane ɗayan makarantu takwas ke ɗauka da kuma jimlar kuɗin da aka ƙiyasta. An jera waɗannan jami'o'in cikin tsari daga mafi arha zuwa mafi tsadar karatun.
Makarantar Ivy League | 2020-21 Makaranta | Matsakaicin Kuɗin Halartar 2020-21 |
Kwalejin Harvard | $49,653 | $76,479 |
Jami'ar Pennsylvania | $53,166 | $79,635 |
Princeton University | $53,890 | $83,241 |
Kolejin Dartmouth | $57,796 | $79,525 |
Jami'ar Cornell | $58,586 | $77,952 |
Jami'ar Brown | $59,254 | $80,448 |
Yale College | $59,950 | $77,750 |
Columbia University | $61,671 | $80,339 |
Talakawan | $56,746 | $78,417 |
Har ila yau Karanta: Me yasa Stanford Duke da MIT ba Makarantun Ivy League bane?
Shin makarantar Ivy League daidai gare ku?
Saboda ƙarancin karɓar kwalejoji na Ivy League, kuna buƙatar fiye da ingantaccen ci gaba na ilimi don shiga ɗayan waɗannan jami'o'in. Kuna buƙatar himma da sadaukarwa da yawa don yin aiki da kanku
Idan ka fara tunanin daya daga cikin wadannan manyan Jami'o'i bayan ka kammala karatun sakandare to watakila ka fara a makare don shiga cikin wadannan makarantun kana bukatar ka fara da wuri don shiryawa.
Waɗannan shirye-shiryen farko na shiga waɗannan makarantu na iya haɗawa da halartar azuzuwan AP a makarantar sakandarenku da tabbatar da cewa kuna aiki tuƙuru don takamaiman matakin SAT, haka kuma idan burin ku ne ku zama ɗalibin makaranta a cikin ƙungiyar Ivy League to. kana bukatar sadaukar da lokacin zamantakewa.
Babu buƙatar faɗi cewa waɗannan cibiyoyin Ivy League za su ba ku tabbacin samun nasarar aiki kuma ba sabon abu ba ne don cimma nasarar aiki a rayuwa kuna buƙatar yin aiki tuƙuru da yin sadaukarwa.
Abin da za a yi la'akari da shi kafin neman zuwa ɗaya daga cikin Makarantu masu daraja 12 An jera Nan.
Akwai takamaiman abubuwan da za ku tuna kafin yin amfani da kowane ɗayan Jami'o'in Ivy League akan wannan jerin.
Ba tare da la’akari da martabar makarantun Ivy League akan wannan ba mun tattauna ƴan batutuwa na abubuwan da yakamata mutum yayi la’akari da su kafin yayi tunanin neman yin karatu a ɗayan waɗannan jami’o’in..
Yi la'akari da Muhallin Makarantar
Misali, idan yaronka yana sha'awar karatun kimiyyar siyasa ko wasan kwaikwayo, Yale zabi ne mai kyau. Cornell, a gefe guda, na iya zama mafi kyawun zaɓi idan yaronku yana neman shiga fasaha ko sarrafa otal.
Yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da yanayin kowace makaranta lokacin neman makarantun Ivy League. Penn, alal misali, na iya ba da ƙarin damar yin aiki kai tsaye tare da al'ummomin masu karamin karfi fiye da Princeton. Bugu da ƙari, yanke shawara kan inda yaronku yake so ya yi aiki ya kamata ya shafi ko yaronku yana son zuwa makaranta a cikin birni, birni, ko ƙauye. Alal misali, za ku so ku zauna a babban birni ko ku kasance kusa da yanayi?
Yi la'akari da Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Makarantar Ivy League
Wani mahimmin canji mai mahimmanci don ɗanku yayi tunani shine girman jikin ɗalibin. 6 daga cikin makarantu 8 sun yi rajista tsakanin ɗalibai 4,000 zuwa 7,000 yayin da 2 kawai, Penn da Cornell, suka yi rajista fiye da ɗalibai 10,000. Ko yaronka yana so ya zama ɗan ƙaramin ɗalibi ko babba na iya ƙara farin cikin su gaba ɗaya da damar zamantakewa a makaranta.
Bayan haka, al'adun harabar sun bambanta daga makaranta zuwa makaranta. Misali, Harvard yana ƙarfafa alaƙar ɗalibi ta hanyar tsarin shiga, yayin da aka san Brown a matsayin makaranta mafi ci gaba a cikin Ivy League.
Kammalawa
Mun tattauna wasu mahimman bayanai game da jami'o'i da kwalejoji na Ivy League, gami da dalilin da yasa mutane ke tunanin cewa akwai makarantun Ivy League guda 12.
Tun da kun fahimci cewa waɗannan makarantu suna da martaba kuma suna da zaɓaɓɓu wajen ba da izinin shiga, kuna buƙatar fara shiri da wuri kuma ku tabbatar kun yi aiki tuƙuru don shiga.
Wani muhimmin abu da ya kamata ku lura da shi shi ne yanayin gasa na makarantun. Idan halartar makarantar Ivy League shine burin ku to kuyi amfani da makarantun 12 da aka tattauna anan.
Abin da kawai za ku yi shi ne duba matsakaicin adadin ɗaliban da ke neman kowace cibiya sannan ku zaɓi wanda ke da jerin adadin masu nema sannan ku yi aiki tuƙuru, za ku iya ƙarasa shiga.
Bukatun ku da fifikon ilimi bai kamata a raina ku ba. Tabbatar cewa makarantar da kuke son zaɓa ta cika burinku na ilimi ta yadda ba za ku ƙarasa karatu a babbar makaranta ba tare da cimma burinku na ilimi ba.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi game da Makarantun Ivy League
Menene Ivy League?
Kalmar "Ivy League" ta bayyana a cikin 1954, lokacin da aka kafa taron farko na NCAA. A lokacin, da gaske an danganta bajintar makarantun da suka shiga ne saboda martabar da suke da ita a wasanni irin su kwallon kwando.
Amma kwanan nan, ana ɗaukar makarantu a matsayin Ivy League idan suna da martaba a ilimi
Ina makarantun Ivy League 12 suke?
Jami'ar Brown tana cikin Providence, Rhode Island. Jami'ar Columbia tana cikin birnin New York, New York; Jami'ar Cornell tana cikin Ithaca, New York; Kwalejin Dartmouth tana cikin Hanover, New Hampshire; Jami'ar Harvard tana cikin Cambridge, Massachusetts; Jami'ar Pennsylvania tana cikin Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Jami'ar Princeton tana cikin Princeton; Jami'ar Yale tana cikin New Haven, Connecticut.
Akwai makarantu 8 ko 12 Ivy League?
Makarantun Ivy League suna da lamba 8. Mun haɗa ƙarin ƙarin makarantu huɗu kawai a cikin wannan labarin saboda suna da daraja kuma mutane koyaushe suna kuskuren su da Ivies.
Me yasa MIT ba Ivy League bane?
Dalilin da ya sa Jami'ar Duke, Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT), da Jami'ar Stanford ba kwalejojin Ivy League ba ne, saboda ba su da kwarewa a wasanni lokacin da aka kafa Ivy League.
Waɗannan jami'o'i 3 cikin sauƙi suna matsayi a cikin mafi kyawun makarantu 15 a cikin Amurka kuma suna ba da damar aiki iri ɗaya da matakan ilimi.
Shin Stanford makarantar Ivy League ce?
Jami'ar Stanford ba fasaha ba ce makarantar Ivy League. Wannan shi ne saboda Jami'ar Stanford ta yi kyau a wasanni kuma ba a haɗa ta ba kamar yadda aka kirkiro ƙungiyar don haɗawa da cibiyoyin ilimi waɗanda ke da kwarewa a ayyukan wasanni.
An kafa makarantar Ivy League a hukumance a cikin 1954 kuma ta ƙunshi jami'o'i takwas: Jami'ar Harvard, Jami'ar Yale, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Princeton, Jami'ar Pennsylvania, Jami'ar Brown, Jami'ar Dartmouth da Jami'ar Cornell.
Wace makarantar Ivy League ce mafi kyau?
Misali, Harvard ya zama na farko a Amurka a cikin martabar Wall Street Journal - wannan a zahiri yana gaya mana cewa Harvard kuma ita ce babbar kwalejin Ivy League mai daraja.
Menene makarantar Ivy League mafi sauƙi don shiga?
A cewar wasu ƙididdiga, Cornell, Dartmouth da Jami'ar Pennsylvania sune mafi sauƙin ivies don shiga. Makarantun da aka ambata suna da mafi girman ƙimar karɓa don aji na 2025.
Shawara:
- 21 Manyan Makarantun hakori don ɗaliban ƙasashen duniya 2023
- 39 Mafi kyawun Makarantun Shari'a a Burtaniya da Matsayi
- Matsayin Injiniya na Arewa maso Yamma, Yawan Karɓa, Makaranta 2023
- Hanyoyi don Samun Sikolashif don kowane matakin karatu
- Shiga Portal Studentan Jami'ar Cornell: studentcenter.cornell.edu
References:
- Wikipedia.org: Ivy League
- Usnews.com: Makarantun Ivy League
- Uope Dadariyawa: Menene Makarantun Ivy League 12 Don Kulawa?
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