Dziko la Switzerland ndi lodziwika bwino chifukwa cha moyo wake wapamwamba, zomangamanga zotukuka bwino, komanso kudzipereka pakusunga chilengedwe.
Chinsinsi cha chipambano cha dziko la Switzerland ndi chigwirizano cha anthu chagona pa kusiyanasiyana kwake, zomwe zimatchedwa zinenero zinayi za boma. Funso ndilakuti; ndi zilankhulo ziti zomwe zimalankhulidwa ku Switzerland?
Mosiyana ndi madera ena olankhula zinenero zambiri, dziko la Switzerland limapewa bwino mikangano ya anthu wamba. Kutha kwa anthu a ku Swiss kulankhula zilankhulo zinayi zovomerezeka kumagwira ntchito ngati mphamvu yaikulu.
Ngakhale kuti zilankhulo zimenezi zimalankhulidwa m’dziko lonselo, makamaka zilankhulo zake zimakhala m’madera enaake. Kusiyanasiyana kwa zilankhulo kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti anthu a ku Switzerland akhale ndi chikhalidwe chapadera, zomwe zimalimbikitsa mgwirizano ndi kumvetsetsana pakati pa anthu ake.
Anthu a ku Switzerland amavomereza zinenero zambiri, zomwe zimachititsa kuti anthu azilankhula zinenero zosiyanasiyana azikhala mwamtendere. Njira yophatikizirayi sikuti imangokulitsa mgwirizano wa anthu komanso ikuwonetsa kudzipereka kwa dziko pakuvomereza mitundu yosiyanasiyana monga gawo lofunikira lachidziwitso chake.
Zinenero Zolankhulidwa ku Switzerland
Chilankhulo cha Swiss German
Chilankhulo cha Swiss German ndicho chilankhulo chomwe chimalankhulidwa kwambiri ku Switzerland. Pafupifupi 60% ya anthu amachilankhula, makamaka kumpoto, pakati, ndi kum'mawa kwa dzikolo. Anthu am'deralo amachitcha Schwyzerdütsch, ndipo amapangidwa ndi zinenero za Alemannic zomwe sizikugwiritsidwanso ntchito ku Germany kapena Austria.
Ana a ku Switzerland amaphunzira Chijeremani Chokhazikika kusukulu, kuti athe kulankhula mosavuta ndi Ajeremani, Austria, ndi olankhula Chijeremani ena. Amasinthira ku Chijeremani Chokhazikika mosavuta akamalankhula ndi munthu yemwe samalankhula Chijeremani cha Swiss.
Popeza si zilankhulo zonse za ku Swiss German zomwe zili ndi mawonekedwe olembedwa, malamulo, mabuku, ndi nyuzipepala zimalembedwa mu Standard German. Ndicho chifukwa chake Ajeremani ambiri a ku Switzerland amachitcha Schriftdeutsch, kutanthauza “Chijeremani cholembedwa.”
Swiss German si chilankhulo chimodzi chokha - chimasiyana mosiyanasiyana malinga ndi komwe muli. Mwachitsanzo, chilankhulo ku Zurich ndi chosiyana ndi Basel, ndipo ndi chosiyana kwambiri m'mudzi wa Alpine.
Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito Chijeremani Chokhazikika, makamaka ngati pali olankhula Chijeremani omwe si a Swiss. Koma mwamseri komanso pakati pa Ajeremani a ku Switzerland, zilankhulo ndizofala.
Chilankhulo cha Swiss French
Chifalansa ndicho chinenero chofala kumadzulo kwa dzikolo, dera lomwe limadziwika kuti Swiss French.
Malingana ndi Wikipedia, pafupifupi 22% ya anthu a ku Switzerland amalankhula Chifalansa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zokopa kwambiri m'mizinda ngati Geneva ndi Lausanne. Ngati mukukonzekera ulendo wopita ku madera awa aku Swiss, kukhala ndi dikishonale ya Chifalansa kungakhale kothandiza, chifukwa ndi madera olankhula Chifalansa.
Poyerekeza ndi kusiyanitsa pakati pa Swiss German ndi Standard German, kusiyana pakati pa Swiss French ndi French olankhulidwa ku France sikumveka kwenikweni. Ngakhale pali kusiyana kwa mawu ndi mawu, anthu omwe amadziwa bwino Chifalansa cha Standard ayenera kupeza kuti n'zosavuta kuphunzira Swiss French.
Kuchuluka kwa Chifulenchi m'mizinda ya ku Switzerland kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zinenero zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti apaulendo adziwe zambiri za chinenerocho. Kaya mukuyang'ana zachikhalidwe cha ku Geneva kapena mukusangalala ndi kukongola kwa Lausanne, kumvetsetsa Chifalansa kungakuthandizeni kudziwa zambiri komanso kucheza ndi anthu am'deralo.
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Chilankhulo cha Swiss Italian
Anthu aku Italiya aku Switzerland amakhala kumwera kwa Switzerland, pafupi ndi malire ndi Italy. Ndi anthu olankhula 673,000, akupanga pafupifupi 8% ya anthu mdziko muno.
Kwa aliyense amene amadziwa Chitaliyana kapena kuphunzira chinenerochi, Chitaliyana cha ku Switzerland n'chosavuta kumva, chofanana ndi Swiss French. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu kuli m'mawu ochepa obwereketsa ochokera ku Germany ndi French.
Ngakhale kuli zilankhulo zakumaloko monga Ticinese ndi mitundu ina ya Lombard, Swiss Italian imafanana kwambiri ndi Chitaliyana cha Chitaliyana ku Switzerland.
Mosiyana ndi Chitaliyana Chokhazikika, Chitaliyana cha ku Switzerland chimadziwika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "calques," mawu omwe amawoneka ngati omasulira kwenikweni kuchokera ku French ndi Germany.
Mwachitsanzo, pamene liwu lachi Italiya loti “layisensi yoyendetsa” ndi “Patente,” anthu a ku Switzerland amagwiritsa ntchito “Licenza di condurre,” kumasulira kwachindunji kuchokera ku liwu lachi French lakuti “permis de conduire.” Ngakhale pali zilankhulo izi, kulumikizana konse pakati pa ma Italiya aku Switzerland ndi olankhula Chitaliyana chokhazikika kumakhalabe kosalala.
Chilankhulo cha Chiromanshi
Chiromani ndi chinenero chaching’ono chomwe chimalankhulidwa ndi anthu 37,000 okha. Inakhala chilankhulo cha dziko lonse ku Switzerland mu 1938, koma mpaka 1996 idavomerezedwa ndi boma.
Kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Grisons, Chiromani ndi chinenero chovomerezeka chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito polamulira ndi maphunziro, komanso kulankhulana kwa tsiku ndi tsiku pakati pa anthu.
Ngakhale akukumana ndi mpikisano wochokera ku Italy ndi Germany, Romansh yapulumuka mpaka zaka za zana la 21. Izi zili choncho chifukwa ambiri olankhula Chiromani amachokera kumadera akutali, amapiri kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Switzerland.
Chikoka cha chilankhulo cha Chijeremani pa Chiromash ndichofunika kwambiri. Ngakhale ali ndi zolankhula zazing'ono, Chiromanshi chili ndi zilankhulo zisanu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Zoyesayesa za boma zolimbikitsa mgwirizano wa "pan-Romansh" zakhala ndi zotsatira zosiyana pamlingo wamba.
Kusiyanasiyana kwa Zinenero Zambiri ku Switzerland
Switzerland ikugogomezera kufunikira kotengera chilankhulo cha dzikolo kuti chiphatikizidwe. Komabe, anthu ambiri obwera m’dzikolo amakondabe kulankhula m’zinenero zawo.
Malinga ndi Ofesi ya Swiss Federal Statistical Office, zinenero zomwe zimalankhulidwa kwambiri m’dzikoli ndi monga Chingelezi, Chipwitikizi, Chialubaniya, ndi zina zotero.
Anthu ambiri ku Switzerland amalankhula zinenero zina osati zamayiko ena. Pafupifupi 5.8% ya anthu amalankhula Chingelezi, 3.5% amalankhula Chipwitikizi, 3.2% amalankhula Chialubaniya, 2.3% amalankhula Chiserbo Croatian, ndipo 2.4% amalankhula Chisipanishi. Kuphatikiza apo, pali gawo la 8.2% lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito zilankhulo zomwe zili m'gulu la "Zina."
Kusiyanasiyana kwa zilankhulo ku Switzerland kukuwonetsa kupezeka kwa zilankhulo zosiyanasiyana m'malire ake. Ngakhale kutsindika kwa chinenero cha dziko, kupezeka kwa zilankhulo zambiri kumasonyeza chikhalidwe cholemera cha chikhalidwe cha anthu ochoka m'dzikolo. Ziwerengerozi zikugogomezera kufunikira kosalekeza kwa kuzindikira ndi kuvomereza zinenero zosiyanasiyana ku Switzerland.
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Moni M'zilankhulo Zosiyanasiyana Zolankhulidwa ku Switzerland
Zilankhulo zinayi zovomerezeka zimalankhulidwa ku Switzerland. Nawa moni wosavuta womwe mungagwiritse ntchito:
Moni:
- Mu German German, mumati "Hallo."
- Mu Swiss French, ndi "Bonjour."
- Mu Swiss Italian, mutha kunena "Ciao."
- Mu Romansh, muli ndi zosankha zingapo: "Cia," "Tgau," kapena "Allegra."
Bayi:
- Kuti titsanzike mu Swiss German, mumati "Auf Wiedersehen."
- Mu Swiss French, ndi "Au revoir."
- Mu Swiss Italian, munganene "Addio."
- Mu Romansh, ndi "Ade."
Chonde:
- Ngati mukufuna kunena chonde mu Swiss German, mumati "Bitte."
- Mu Swiss French, ndi "S'il vous plaît."
- Mu Swiss Italian, mutha kunena "Per favore."
- Mu Romansh, ndi "Per plaschair."
Zikomo:
- Kuti tithokoze mu Chijeremani cha ku Swiss, mumati "Danke."
- Mu Swiss French, ndi "Merci."
- Mu Swiss Italian, mumati "Grazie."
- Mu Romansh, ndi "Grazia."
Siyani Mumakonda