Mwezi uliwonse, amayi ndi atsikana pafupifupi 1.8 biliyoni amakumana ndi msambo. Bungwe la UNICEF linanena kuti mavuto monga kusalidwa, kusankhana komanso umphawi angapangitse nthawi imeneyi kukhala yovuta komanso yosatetezeka.
Zovuta izi ndi zolepheretsa chisamaliro choyenera zimadziwika kuti "umphawi wanthawi". M'nkhaniyi, tiwona lingaliro la umphawi wa nthawi, kupereka mfundo zofunika ndikupereka njira zothandiza zosinthira.
Umphawi wa nthawi yayitali umachitika pamene anthu amakumana ndi vuto lopeza zinthu zakusamba, ukhondo wokwanira, chithandizo chamagulu, komanso maphunziro. Ngakhale kuti ndi vuto lalikulu la thanzi la anthu, anthu ambiri sadziwa kuchuluka kwa umphawi wa nthawi ndi momwe angathanirane nawo.
Kuthetsa nkhani zimenezi n’kofunika kwambiri kuti aliyense athe kusamalira thanzi lake la msambo mwaulemu komanso motetezeka.
Kodi Period Poverty ndi chiyani?
Malinga ndi National Library of Medicine, umphawi wa nthawi ndi vuto la thanzi la anthu padziko lonse lapansi lomwe lanyalanyazidwa posachedwapa. Umphawi wa nyengo akulongosoledwa kuti ndi kusowa kwa zinthu zogulira msambo, zimbudzi, ndi maphunziro oyenera.
Msambo ndi gawo lachilendo la msambo, momwe thupi limakonzekera kutenga pakati. Zimachitika kwa atsikana ndi amayi omwe angathe kutenga mimba. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala pakati pa masiku atatu mpaka asanu ndi awiri ndipo zimachitika masiku 24 mpaka 38 aliwonse.
Atsikana akayamba kukumana ndi vuto la msambo, amakumana ndi zovuta zina. Amafunika kupeza zinthu za msambo monga mapepala kapena matamponi, ndipo ayenera kuphunzira kuzigwiritsa ntchito.
Popanda zinthu izi kapena chidziwitso, nthawi imatha kukhala yovuta kwambiri. Akhoza kuphonya sukulu, ntchito, kapena mwayi wina. Nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimayambitsa magazi ambiri, zimatha kuyambitsa matenda monga kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi komanso kupweteka kwambiri.
Madera ena amaganiza kuti kusamba ndi kodetsedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti atsikana ndi amayi azivutika kupeza chithandizo kapena kupita kugulu. Kuyamba kwa msambo kungapangitsenso atsikana kukhala pachiwopsezo chokopeka ndi kugonana, ngakhale atakhala achichepere a zaka zisanu ndi ziŵiri.
Atsikana ndi amayi osachepera 500 miliyoni amakhudzidwa ndi umphawi wa nthawi, malinga ndi World Health Organization, koma n'zovuta kudziwa chiwerengero chenichenicho.
Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Umphawi wa Nthawi.
Umphawi wanthawi yayitali ndi vuto lomwe limakhudza anthu ambiri padziko lonse lapansi, komabe chikhalidwe chake komanso kuchuluka kwake sikudziwika kwa anthu ambiri. Nazi mfundo zofunika zomwe aliyense ayenera kudziwa:
Mavuto a Thanzi la Msambo ku Sub-Saharan Africa Chifukwa cha Nthawi ya Umphawi.
M’mayiko monga Kenya, Sudan, Ethiopia, ndi Uganda, anthu amakumana ndi mavuto aakulu akamasamba. Anthu ambiri m’madera amenewa alibe ndalama zokwanira zogulira zinthu zimene amafunikira kuti athe kusamalira msambo wawo bwinobwino. Mu 2019, a Banki Yadziko Lonse inanena kuti 35 peresenti ya anthu m’mayikowa anali osauka kwambiri. Anthu akakhala osauka kwambiri, zimawavuta kupeza zinthu monga ma sanitary pads.
Kafukufuku wa BBC anapeza kuti ku Ghana, amayi omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa amawononga ndalama zambiri pa pad. Mwachitsanzo, atha kuwononga $ 1 mwa $ 7 iliyonse yomwe amapeza pamapadi. Izi ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi anthu a ku United States, kumene omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa amangowononga $ 3 pa $ 1,200 iliyonse pa mapepala.
Mwachidule, kukhala ndi msambo kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kwa anthu ambiri a kum’mwera kwa chipululu cha Sahara ku Africa chifukwa alibe ndalama zokwanira zogulira zinthu zomwe akufunikira kuti aziyendetsa bwino.
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Mavuto a Nthawi Yaumphawi mu Ndende za US
M’ndende, anthu amakumana ndi mavuto ambiri, ndipo vuto limodzi lalikulu ndi umphaŵi wa nthawi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu ambiri omwe ali m’ndende amavutika kuti apeze ndalama zogulira msambo. Ku United States, kumene anthu ambiri ali m’ndende, vuto limeneli ndi loipa kwambiri.
M’ndende, ufulu wa anthu nthawi zambiri sulemekezedwa. Akhoza kuvulazidwa m’thupi ndi m’maganizo, kulangidwa popanda chifukwa, ndiponso kusapatsidwa chithandizo chamankhwala chimene akufunikira. US ili ndi anthu ambiri omwe ali m'ndende, ndipo m'ndende zake, pali vuto ndi umphawi wa nthawi. A nkhani ya m’nyuzipepala ya USA Today inanena kuti m’ndende ina, mapepala amagulira ndalama zokwana madola 2.63, koma ntchito kumeneko imalipira masenti 30 pa ola limodzi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndizovuta kwambiri kuti anthu agule mapepala omwe amafunikira.
Chifukwa cha izi, anthu ena amayesa kupanga zinthu zawo. Ena, popanda chochitira china, anangotulutsa magazi m’zovala zawo. Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi nthawi yayitali kapena matenda, zimakhala zovuta kupeza chithandizo chomwe amafunikira.
Pakalipano, mayiko opitilira 35 alibe malamulo owonetsetsa kuti anthu omwe ali m'ndende akupeza zomwe amafunikira panthawi yawo. Ndipo m’maboma amene ali ndi malamulo, satsatiridwa bwino nthawi zonse. Ili ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe likufunika chisamaliro.
Zotsatira za Nthawi ya Umphawi pa Maphunziro
Umphawi wanthawi yayitali umakhudza kwambiri ufulu wamaphunziro. Zimakhudza kwambiri amayi ndi atsikana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azivutika kupita kusukulu. Padziko lonse, atsikana pafupifupi 129 miliyoni akuphonya sukulu, mwina chifukwa cha umphaŵi wa nyengo.
Kafukufuku wa World Bank akuwonetsa kuti ku South Sudan, 57% ya atsikana samapita kusukulu akayamba kusamba.. Ku Kenya, atsikana 70 pa XNUMX alionse amanena kuti kupita kwawo kwa msambo kumachititsa kuti magiredi awo apitirire kwambiri.
Maphunziro ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa tsogolo la mtsikana. Koma ngati kusamba kumamulepheretsa kupita kusukulu kapena kuchita bwino m’kalasi, tsogolo lake silingakhale lowala. Atsikana ena atha kusiyiratu sukulu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sadzakhalanso ndi ntchito zambiri m'tsogolomu. Kusauka kwa nthawi kumapangitsa kuti atsikana azivutika kupeza maphunziro omwe akufunikira kuti apambane.
Nthawi Umphawi Ukhoza Kuyambitsa Mavuto a Zaumoyo
Umphawi wa nthawi ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe lingapangitse anthu kudwala. Amayi ndi atsikana akakhala msambo amafunikira zinthu zapadera monga mapepala kapena ma tamponi.
Koma nthawi zina amalephera kupeza zinthu zimenezi chifukwa ndi ndalama zambiri kapena palibe. Choncho, amagwiritsa ntchito chilichonse chimene angapeze, monga nyuzipepala kapena nsanza zakale.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zongoyembekezerazi kumatha kuyambitsa mavuto akulu azaumoyo monga matenda, omwe angadwale kwambiri kapena kuwapha. Ngakhale atakhala ndi mapepala kapena makapu ogwiritsiridwanso ntchito, n’kovuta kuwasunga opanda zinthu monga madzi aukhondo kapena magetsi.
Umphawi wa nthawi ndi vuto lalikulu chifukwa umakhudza thanzi la anthu. Aliyense ayenera kupeza mankhwala a msambo pa nthawi yomwe ali ndi nthawi, kuti akhale ndi thanzi labwino komanso otetezeka.
Zotsatira za Umoyo Wathanzi pa Nthawi ya Umphawi, Kusalidwa, ndi Tsankho
Umphawi wanthawi yake umapitilira kukhudza thanzi lathupi; zimatengeranso thanzi labwino. Zovuta za kupeza zofunika, kuphatikizapo kusalidwa ndi tsankho zozungulira kusamba, zingayambitse nkhawa yaikulu ndi kupsinjika maganizo.
Kafukufuku amene analembedwa m’magazini ya Frontiers in Global Women’s Health, amene anachitidwa ku Nepal, anasonyeza kuti atsikana amakakamizika kugona panja kapena m’nyumba zosiyana pa nthawi imene akusamba, zomwe zimachititsa kuti azivutika maganizo kwambiri.
Ngakhale m’madera opanda makhalidwe onyanyira oterowo, kusalana kumapitirizabe. Anthu amachita manyazi akamagula zinthu, amagwiritsa ntchito mawu olembedwa m'mawu pokambirana za nyengo, ndipo amakumana ndi kusaphunzira zambiri pankhani ya kusamba.
Zinthu zimenezi pamodzi zimathandizira ku lingaliro lakuti nyengo ndi zamanyazi ndi zonyansa. Kuzindikira kukhudzidwa kwakukulu kwa zovuta zokhudzana ndi nthawi paumoyo wamalingaliro ndikofunikira kuti pakhale malo othandizira komanso omvetsetsa.
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Mmene Tonse Tingachitire Polimbana ndi Umphawi Wanthawi Yanyengo.
Umphawi wanyengo ndi vuto lomwe lafala padziko lonse lapansi, lomwe limakhudza anthu mamiliyoni mazanamazana. Ngakhale kuti vutoli lafalikira, anthu ambiri sakudziwabe za vutoli chifukwa cha kusalana komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusamba.
Komabe, pali zinthu zina zimene aliyense angathe kuchita kuti athane ndi umphaŵi wa m’nyengo, mosasamala kanthu za mmene alili m’mwezi. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza njira zisanu zosavuta koma zothandiza zomwe zingathandize pazimenezi.
Kulankhula za umphawi wa nthawi ndi gawo loyamba pakudziwitsa anthu ndikuthetsa zikhalidwe za anthu. Anthu ambiri amapewa kukambirana za nkhaniyi chifukwa cha kusapeza bwino komwe kumachitika msambo.
Poyambitsa zokambirana pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, kuthandizira mabungwe olimbikitsa anthu, ndi kupeza mipata yolankhula pagulu za umphawi wa nthawi, mukhoza kuthandizira kuti zokambirana zikhale bwino pamutu wofunikirawu.
Njira ina yothandiza yosinthira zinthu ndi kuthandiza mabungwe omwe adzipereka kuthana ndi umphawi wanthawi yayitali. Mabungwe ambiri okhudzana ndi ufulu wa amayi ndi kufanana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi amayang'ana kwambiri pankhaniyi, monga Alliance for Period Supplies, ndi Pad Project, ndi Project Dignity. Mabungwewa amachita zinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga ntchito yodziwitsa anthu, maphunziro, ndi kagawidwe ka msambo.
Kupereka ndalama kumabungwewa kumatha kuthandizira kwambiri pantchito yawo yothetsa umphawi wanthawi yayitali ndikuteteza ufulu wa mamiliyoni. Kuonjezera apo, ganizirani zopereka mankhwala a msambo kumagulu am'deralo, chifukwa thandizo lachindunjili lingathe kuthana ndi zosowa zanthawi yomweyo m'dera lanu.
Kumvetsetsa zovuta zapadera zokhudzana ndi umphawi wanthawi yayitali mdera lanu ndikofunikira kuti muchitepo kanthu moyenera. Nkhani zenizeni zokhudzana ndi vutoli zimatha kusiyana kwambiri, ngakhale m'madera osiyanasiyana a dziko limodzi. Chitani kafukufuku kuti muzindikire zopinga zomwe anthu ambiri amakumana nazo m'dera lanu.
Mwachitsanzo, kusowa kwa madzi aukhondo kungakhale chotchinga chachikulu m’dera lina, pamene kudera lina, kuyang’ana pa zinthu zambiri monga maphunziro. Pokhala ndi chidziwitso chakumaloko, mutha kusintha zoyesayesa zanu kuti muthane ndi zovuta zomwe dera lanu likukumana nalo.
Kulimbikitsa njira zamalamulo ndi njira yamphamvu yothanirana ndi umphawi wanthawi yayitali pamlingo wadongosolo. Malamulo okhudza kusiyana kwa malipiro a amuna ndi akazi, kusankhana kuntchito, kupereka ndalama kusukulu, ndi ufulu wa anthu omwe ali m'ndende akhoza kukhudza kwambiri nkhondo yolimbana ndi umphawi wanthawi yayitali.
Mosasamala kanthu za kayendetsedwe ka malamulo m'dziko lanu, pali njira zopangira mawu anu. M'maboma oyimira ngati a United States, kulembera makalata andale olimbikitsa kuchitapo kanthu pamalamulo okhudza umphawi wanthawi yayitali kungakhale kothandiza. Polimbikitsa chitetezo chalamulo, madera amatha kupanga kusintha kosatha m'miyoyo ya omwe akhudzidwa.
Kukhala ndi fundraiser ndi njira yothandiza komanso yochititsa chidwi yodziwitsa anthu komanso ndalama pazifukwa zake. Zochitika zopezera ndalama zimapereka mwayi wolumikizana ndi mabizinesi am'deralo, mabungwe achilungamo, ndi anthu amalingaliro ofanana omwe amagawana zomwe mumayendera.
Kutengera ndi zosowa za dera lanu, mutha kuitana anthu kuti apereke ndalama ndi katundu. Ngakhale kuti zopereka zandalama ndizofunikira kwambiri pothana ndi zovuta zambiri, kutolera zinthu zakusamba kumatha kukwaniritsa zosowa zanthawi yomweyo m'malo osungiramo zakudya komanso malo osungiramo zakudya. Kusunga mosamalitsa zopereka ndikudziwitsa otenga nawo mbali za momwe zopereka zawo zimakhudzira zomwe apereka kungathandize kuti ntchito yanu yopezera ndalama ikhale yogwira mtima komanso yowonekera bwino.
Siyani Mumakonda