Kufufuza kozizira nthawi zambiri kumafunikira umboni wowonjezera. Kuti mumvetsetse milandu yozizira ndikuwona zitsanzo zomwe zathetsedwa, ndikofunikira kudziwa mawonekedwe awo.
Milandu yozizira ndi kufufuza kwaupandu kosatha komwe kwakhala kosagwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Milandu iyi ilibe njira zatsopano komanso chidwi chomwe milandu yatsopano imalandira. Kuti awatsitsimutse, ofufuza nthawi zambiri amadalira umboni weniweni, chifukwa ukhoza kupirira kuyesedwa kwa nthawi bwino kuposa nkhani za mboni kapena mitundu ina ya chidziwitso.
Makhalidwe a matenda ozizira amaphatikizapo zaka zawo, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zaka kapena makumi angapo. Kupanda kupita patsogolo komanso kusowa kwa zitsogozo zaposachedwa zimawapangitsa kukhala ovuta. Zitsanzo za milandu yozizira yomwe yathetsedwa zikuwonetsa kufunikira kwa kulimbikira komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wazamalamulo. Milandu ngati imeneyi ingaphatikizepo kupha, anthu osowa, kapena milandu ina yayikulu.
Kumvetsetsa momwe milandu yozizira imakhalira komanso kuphunzira zigamulo zopambana zitha kuwunikira njira ndi njira zomwe ofufuza amagwiritsa ntchito. Chidziwitso ichi ndi chofunikira kwa iwo omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi chilungamo chaupandu komanso sayansi yazamalamulo.
Kodi Chimfine N'chiyani?
Mlandu wozizira umanena za mlandu womwe ofufuza sanauthetse mwalamulo. Pothetsa milandu, kukhala ndi mboni zomveka bwino, okayikira, ndi umboni ndikofunikira. Popanda zinthu izi, milandu imatha kuzizira, kusiya ma dipatimenti apolisi ndi mabungwe azamalamulo ngati FBI kusokonezeka. Zotsatira za milandu yosathetsedwa pa mabanja a ozunzidwa mumikhalidwe monga kuphana kosathetsedwa, kugwiriridwa, kapena anthu osowa kungakhale koopsa.
Kufufuza kwina kwaupandu, monga kupha anthu komanso kugwiriridwa m'maboma ena, kulibe malire ndipo kutha kupitilira pakafunika. Magulu a milandu ya Cold adadzipereka kuti atsegulenso milandu yomwe sinathetsedweyi ndikufunafuna umboni watsopano, kuphatikiza mabwinja a anthu, zidindo za zala, maakaunti a mboni zowona ndi maso zomwe zidachitikapo, komanso makamera. Kuphatikiza apo, sayansi yazamalamulo imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakumvetsetsa milandu yakale ndikuwunikanso zomwe zapezeka pakufufuza koyambirira. Kuyesetsa kosalekeza kwa mayunitsi amilandu opanda bata kumafuna kutseka mabanja ndi chilungamo pamilandu yosathetsedwa.
Komanso Werengani: Nkhani Yophunzira: Tanthauzo, Mitundu, Zitsanzo
Makhalidwe a Milandu Yozizira
Milandu yozizira imakhala yovuta kuti ithetsedwe chifukwa chachilendo chawo komanso nthawi yomwe yadutsa. Milanduyi imakhalabe yosathetsedwa kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ofufuza azitha kupeza zofunikira. M'munsimu muli zina mwa zizindikiro za chimfine:
Zinsinsi Zosasinthidwa
Milandu yozizira imaphatikizapo zochitika zododometsa, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhudzana ndi milandu yayikulu ngati yachiwawa. Muzochitika izi, anthu mwadala amakhala ovuta kupeza umboni. Mlandu wina wozizira umakhudza anthu opha anthu ambiri omwe nthawi zonse amasintha komwe amakhala, zomwe zimawopseza chitetezo cha anthu mosalekeza. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu osadziwika, omwe alibe ma ID odziwika mosavuta kapena njira zina zozindikiritsira, amathanso kulumikizidwa ndi matenda ozizira.
Nthawi zambiri, milandu yozizira ndi zinsinsi zomwe zimakhala zosasinthika kwa nthawi yayitali. Zinsinsi izi zimatha kukhudzana ndi ziwawa zachiwawa, pomwe munthu yemwe ali ndi mlandu amachitapo kanthu kuti abise umboni. Opha anthu ambiri omwe amangosintha malo awo, kukhala ziwopsezo zopitilira, nawonso ndi gawo la milandu yozizira. Nthawi zina, anthu osadziwika popanda zizindikiritso zoyenerera amakhala okhudzidwa ndi zinsinsi zomwe sizinathetsedwe.
2. Zovuta za Nthawi
Milandu yozizira, kapena milandu yosathetsedwa, nthawi zambiri imakumana ndi nthawi yayitali popanda umboni watsopano. Izi ndizofala kwambiri pamilandu yazaka kapena zaka makumi angapo zapitazo pomwe zida zapamwamba sizinkapezeka kuti zizindikiritse wolakwa kapena kupeza munthu womuganizira poyamba. Pankhani zakuphana kosathetsedwa ndi milandu ina, mabanja a ozunzidwa atha kufunsa kuti awonenso kuti awone momwe kafukufuku akuyendera. Tsoka ilo, milandu ina yozizira imakhalabe yosathetsedwa, kuwonetsa zovuta zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha nthawi komanso njira zofufuzira zakale.
Kulephera kuchita bwino kungayambitsidwe chifukwa chopanda kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo komwe kungathandize kuzindikira olakwa kapena kupeza omwe akuwakayikira. Pamene nthawi ikupita, mwayi wothetsa milanduyi umachepa, zomwe zimasiya mabanja ndi mafunso opanda mayankho komanso kufufuza kwina.
Ngakhale ndi ndemanga za nthawi ndi nthawi, zowona zimapitilirabe kuti milandu ina yoziziritsa sizingathetsedwe. Izi zikugogomezera zovuta zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha kupita kwa nthawi muzofufuzazi.
Zitsanzo za Cold Case
1. Chinsinsi cha Kusowa kwa Shaun Ritchie
Shaun Ritchie adasowa mu 2014 ali ndi zaka makumi awiri. Nthaŵi yomaliza kumuona aliyense anali m’dera la Strichen ku Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Chomvetsa chisoni n’chakuti nkhani ya kutha kwake sinathe.
Achibale a Ritchie akukhulupirira kuti mwina wina wamupha chifukwa cha ngongole. Ngakhale kuti amakayikira, akuluakulu a boma sanapeze munthu amene ali ndi udindo, zomwe zasiya banjalo lili m'mavuto ndi chisoni.
Izi ndizovuta kwambiri, chifukwa palibe amene akudziwa zomwe zidamuchitikira Shaun atamuwona komaliza. Tawuni yaying'ono ya Strichen ili ndi kiyi yotsegula zinsinsizo, koma mpaka pano, zowunikira sizikudziwikabe.
Kusowa kwa Shaun Ritchie ndi nkhani yovuta yomwe yasiya banja lake likufuna mayankho. Mkhalidwe wosathetsedwa wa mlanduwu waika mthunzi pamiyoyo yawo, ndipo kufunafuna chilungamo kukupitirirabe. Anthu ammudzi amakhalabe pachimake, akuyembekeza kuti tsiku lina, chowonadi chokhudza kutha kwa Shaun chidzadziwika.
2. Kusowa kwa Zaka Khumi kwa Tanya Nicole Kach
M’chochitika chomvetsa chisoni, Tanya Nicole Kach, wophunzira wa sitandade 2007, anasowa kwa zaka khumi pamene mlonda wa pasukulupo dzina lake Thomas Hose anam’bera. Kwa zaka khumi, Hose anamutsekera m’chipinda chake chosanja chachiwiri. Mozizwitsa, iye anatha kuthawa mu ukapolo. Vutoli lidabweretsa chilungamo pomwe a Thomas Hose adavomera mlandu mu XNUMX.
Chochitikacho chinadzutsa nkhawa za chitetezo cha ophunzira ndikuwonetsa kufunikira koonetsetsa kuti chitetezo chikhale cholimba m'mabungwe a maphunziro. Nkhani ya Tanya imakhala ngati chikumbutso champhamvu cha zoopsa zomwe anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo angakumane nazo komanso kufunika kokhala tcheru kuti ateteze moyo wa ophunzira.
Mlanduwu ukugogomezeranso kulimba mtima kwa opulumuka ngati Tanya, yemwe, mosasamala kanthu za zovuta zonse, adatha kumasuka ku ukapolo wazaka khumi. Zimagwira ntchito monga umboni wa kufunikira kwa chidziwitso cha anthu ndi ntchito zogwirira ntchito pofuna kupewa ndi kuthetsa zochitika zoterezi, kuonetsetsa chitetezo ndi chitetezo cha anthu mkati mwa maphunziro.
3. Nkhani Yowopsya ya Morgan Harrington
Morgan Harrington anali wophunzira waku koleji wazaka makumi awiri ku Virginia Tech. Anasowa panthawi ya konsati ya Metallica mu 2009. Apolisi adapeza mtembo wake patapita miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ndipo zinali zoonekeratu kuti adaphedwa.
Pambuyo pa zaka zingapo, akatswiri azamalamulo ndi makamera achitetezo adathandizira kuzindikira munthu yemwe adamupha: Jesse L. Matthew, Jr. Anapezekanso kuti anapha wophunzira wina wapa koleji, Hannah Graham wa ku yunivesite ya Virginia, mu 2014.
Mu 2016, Jesse L. Matthew, Jr. adavomereza zolakwazo ndipo adapezeka wolakwa. Izi zidathetsa mlanduwu, koma sizinathe kuchotsa zowawa ndi kutayika zomwe mabanja ndi madera omwe akhudzidwa ndi zochitika zomvetsa chisonizi.
Siyani Mumakonda