Ambiri aife timaphatikiza zipatso ndi zokoma ndi ndiwo zamasamba ndi zokometsera. Komabe, gulu la botanical siligwirizana nthawi zonse ndi lingaliro ili. Kudziwa ngati masamba ndi chipatso kumaphatikizapo kumvetsetsa chiyambi chake.
Kunena za zomera, chipatso ndi kamangidwe kamene kamatulutsa mbewu mkati. Izi zimachitika mkati mwa ovary ya chomera chamaluwa. M'malo mwake, masamba amachokera ku mbali zosiyanasiyana za zomera monga masamba, mizu, ndi tsinde, kupatulapo zipatso zomwe zimatulutsa maluwa.
Kaonedwe ka zomera kameneka kakuvumbula chowonadi chodabwitsa—zakudya zingapo zomwe timakonda kunena kuti ndiwo zamasamba, kwenikweni, ndi zipatso! Chifukwa chake, nthawi ina mukadzaganiziranso za kusiyana kwa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, kumbukirani kuti sizongokhudza kukoma kokha, komanso njira za botanical zomwe zikuchitika m'chomeracho.
Chipatso Kapena Masamba?
Funso loti ngati chinachake ndi chipatso kapena ndiwo zamasamba likhoza kuwoneka lolunjika, koma ndi lovuta kwambiri kuposa momwe limawonekera. M'mawu a botanical, chipatso ndi gawo la mbewu lomwe limatsekereza mbewu zake, pomwe masamba amaphatikiza gawo lililonse lodyera kupatula zipatso ndi mbewu zake.
Komabe, kumveka bwino kwa botanical kumeneku kunasokonekera mu 1893 pomwe Khoti Lalikulu lamilandu linawonjezera chisokonezo. Wogulitsa ku Manhattan, a John Nix & Co., adatsutsana ndi mtengo wamasamba wotumizidwa kunja woperekedwa pa tomato waku Caribbean. Nix adatsutsa kuti tomato, zipatso za botanical, siziyenera kuyang'anizana ndi mtengo wamasamba. Ngakhale zinali zowona za botanical, khotilo linagamula motsutsana ndi Nix, ponena kuti tomato amaonedwa ngati ndiwo zamasamba m'chinenero chofala komanso kudya.
Justice Horace Gray anati, “Kunena za zomera, tomato ndi chipatso cha mpesa, monganso nkhaka, sikwashi, nyemba, ndi nandolo. Koma m’chinenero cha anthu wamba, kaya ogulitsa kapena ogula zinthu, zonsezi ndi masamba.”
Kuyambira pamenepo, chisokonezo cha zipatso motsutsana ndi masamba chakhala chikupitilirabe.
Kodi kusiyanako kulidi? Ngakhale kuti ena anganene kuti, “Duwa lotchulidwa ndi dzina lina lililonse linganunkhire mokoma,” ambiri amasamalabe. Kwa okonda zakudya, olima dimba, okonda zilankhulo, ndi zomata kuti adziwe molondola, ndizofunikira. M’dziko limene anthu ambiri alibe chakudya, n’kovuta kwambiri kumvetsa zimene timadya.
Kuti timvetse bwino nkhaniyi, tiyeni tikambirane zimene wasayansi komanso wolemba mabuku wina dzina lake Harold McGee analemba m’buku lake lodziwika bwino lakuti, “Pa Chakudya ndi Kuphika: Sayansi ndi Maphunziro a Khitchini” (Kusindikiza kwa 2004). McGee amafufuza mutu wa "Zipatso Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito Monga Masamba," akupereka tsatanetsatane wa aliyense.
Zipatso Zomwe Mumaganiza Kuti Ndi Zamasamba
1. Tomato
Tomato ndi osavuta kumvetsetsa pakati pa zipatso. Ngakhale kuti ambiri angaganize kuti ndi masamba, tomato ndi zipatso ndipo ndi wotchuka kwambiri. Poyambirira, iwo anali zipatso zowawa zopezeka m’zipululu za m’mphepete mwa nyanja ku South America, zaka mamiliyoni ambiri zapitazo. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mitundu yokoma inakula ndikuyamba kukonda, kusandulika kukhala tomato wokoma amene timakonda masiku ano. Masiku ano, zipatso zosunthikazi zimakula bwino padziko lonse lapansi, zikuwonetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso kukula kwake.
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2. Nkhaka
Nkhaka ndi za banja la cucurbit, monga maungu ndi sikwashi. Iwo ndi otchuka kwambiri, kotero tiyeni tikambirane za iwo mosiyana. Zosakaniza za saladi izi zimabwera m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zina ndi zolimba komanso zowawa, zina zimakhala ndi khungu lanthete lokoma pang'ono, ndipo zina ndi zabwino kwambiri pakutola. Ngakhale amakoma, ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti nkhaka ndi zipatso mwaukadaulo, osati masamba.
3. Tsabola, Chilli, ndi Capsicum
Tsabola wotsekemera, tsabola, ndi capsicums zonse ndi za banja limodzi. Capsicums ali ngati zipatso zokhala ndi njere mkati. Mfundo yochititsa chidwi: Columbus anawatcha 'tsabola' chifukwa chakuti kununkhira kwawo kunamukumbutsa za tsabola wakuda. Poyamba Aaziteki ankawatchula kuti chilli. Tsabola zimabwera m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuyambira zokometsera kwambiri mpaka zotsekemera zomwe timakonda mu saladi. Ndizodabwitsa, koma kwenikweni ndi zipatso, osati masamba.
4. Dzungu ndi Sikwashi
Dzungu ndi sikwashi ndi za banja la cucurbit, lomwe limaphatikizapo sikwashi yozizira, sikwashi yachilimwe, courgette / zukini, nkhaka, gherkin, ndi vwende. Awa ali ngati gulu la abale omwe ali ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana. ‘Zipatso’ zimenezi zimachokera ku maluŵa a zomera zooneka ngati mpesa ndipo zimatha kukwawa pansi kapena kukwera pa trellis.
Zili ngati kuti ndi achibale omwe akukula m'njira zosiyanasiyana koma olumikizanabe. Pali mitundu yambiri ya maungu ndi sikwashi, iliyonse ili ndi mawonekedwe akeake. Ena amakonda kufalikira pansi, pamene ena amakonda kukwera pamwamba. Choncho, ndi banja lalikulu lokhala ndi zosankha zambiri ndipo aliyense ali ndi nkhani yakeyake!
5. Azitona
Kum'maŵa kwa Mediterranean, azitona ndi zipatso! Chodabwitsa n’chakuti azitona amene wangothyedwa kumene amakhala owawa kwambiri. Kuti asangalale, ayenera kuchiritsidwa ndi madzi kapena mchere wopangidwa ndi mchere ndi madzi, mchere, viniga, madzi, kapena mchere wokha. Njira yochiritsira iyi ndiyofunikira kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa oleuropein komwe kumayambitsa kuwawa, ndikusintha azitona kukhala zokometsera. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti azitona ndi zipatso, osati masamba.
6. Biringanya
Kaya mumatcha aubergine kapena biringanya zimatengera komwe muli padziko lapansi. Ngakhale kuti amadziwika kwambiri ndi mtundu wake wofiirira, biringanya ndi chipatso. Zimabwera m'mawonekedwe, makulidwe, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana kupitilira muyeso wofiirira wodziwika bwino. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kumodzi kofala kwa biringanya kuli ku Middle East dip yotchedwa baba ganoush.
Kapangidwe kake ngati nyama kumapangitsanso kukhala m'malo mwa nyama m'zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwake komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana, biringanya imawonjezera kukhudza kwapadera kwa zophikira zapadziko lonse lapansi.
7. Chimanga Chokoma
Posachedwapa ndapeza china chodabwitsa pa chimanga chotsekemera - ndi chipatso! 'Kambewu' kakang'ono kalikonse ka pachitsonkho cha chimanga amatengedwa ngati chipatso. Chimanga chotsekemera nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi mtundu wachikasu, koma chimapezekanso mumitundu yoyera, yabuluu, yofiira, ndi yobiriwira.
Ndizosangalatsa kuganiza za chimanga chokoma mwanjira yatsopano. Nthawi zambiri timawaona ngati ndiwo zamasamba okoma, koma timbewu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili pachitsonkho ndi zipatso. Izi zimapangitsa chimanga chokoma kukhala chapadera, chifukwa nthawi zambiri timagwirizanitsa zipatso ndi zinthu monga maapulo kapena zipatso. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chimanga chokoma imabwera m'malo mwake imawonjezera kukopa kwake. Sikokoma kokha, komanso kumabweretsa kuphulika kwa mtundu ku mbale zathu.
Nthawi ina mukadzasangalala ndi chimanga chotsekemera, kumbukirani kuti mukudya zipatso zilizonse mukaluma. Ndizodabwitsa momwe chilengedwe chimatidabwitsa ndi magulu ake, kutembenuza masamba wamba kukhala gulu la zipatso zazing'ono, zodyedwa.
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8. Peyala
Avocado, chipatso chokondeka chokoma, chimachokera ku Central America ndipo ndi wa banja la laurel. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti dzina lake loyambirira, 'ahuacatl,' lochokera ku chinenero cha Aztec, limamveka ngati liwu la Chisipanishi lakuti 'aguacate' la avocado. Chochititsa chidwi, 'ahuacatl' amatanthawuza 'testicle' ponena za mawonekedwe a chipatso, chofanana ndi thupi lachimuna.
Mapeyala olemera komanso okoma amawapangitsa kukhala okondedwa pakati pa ambiri. Chochokera ku Central America, chipatso ichi ndi membala wa banja la laurel. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti dzina lake loyambirira, 'ahuacatl,' limachokera ku chinenero cha Aztec ndipo limamveka mofanana ndi liwu la Chisipanishi loti 'aguacate.' Chochititsa chidwi, 'ahuacatl' amatanthauza 'testicles,' dzina loperekedwa ku chipatso chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake.
9. Nyemba Yobiriwira
Nyemba zobiriwira sizingawoneke ngati zipatso, koma zimachokera ku maluwa a nyemba. Ambiri aife timasangalala kudya nyembazo ndi nyemba zosakhwima, kaya zokazinga, zokazinga, kapena zosaphika. Komabe, ngati nyemba ziloledwa kukhwima, tikhoza kupeza mapulotini ambiri, nyemba zolimba monga nyemba zakuda kapena pinto pong'amba makoko. Nyembazi zili ndi mwayi wokhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali.
Gululi limaphatikizaponso mangetout, omwe amapanga nsawawa za nandolo, komanso nsawawa ndi nyemba zothamanga. Chifukwa chake, nthawi ina mukadzasangalala ndi zakudya zobiriwira, kumbukirani kuti sikuti mumangokonda masamba - mukusangalala ndi zipatso za nyemba zobiriwira zapadera komanso zamitundumitundu.
Zipatso Zina Zomwe Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito Monga Masamba
Zipatso zina zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati masamba ndi monga, tomatillos, mphonda zowawa, chayote, nandolo, ndi therere ndi zitsanzo za zipatso zotere.
Tomatillos ndi zipatso zazing'ono, zobiriwira zomwe zimakhala ndi mankhusu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu sauces ndi salsa. Zakudya zowawa, zomwe zimadziwika ndi kukoma kwawo kowawa, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zakudya zosiyanasiyana ndipo amakhulupirira kuti zimakhala ndi thanzi labwino. Chayote, chipatso chobiriwira, chokwinya, chimakhala chosunthika ndipo chimatha kuphikidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, chofanana ndi kukoma ndi mawonekedwe a masamba.
Nandolo, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri zimaganiziridwa ngati ndiwo zamasamba, zimatchulidwa kuti ndi zipatso. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'maphikidwe osiyanasiyana ndikuwonjezera kukoma kokoma ku mbale. Okra, chipatso china chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati masamba, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu supu ndi mphodza chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera komanso kakomedwe kake.
Zipatsozi, zikagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zakudya zabwino, zimasonyeza kusinthasintha kwake, kusokoneza mzere pakati pa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba muzophikira.
Siyani Mumakonda