Ngati simukudziwa chomwe chimasiyanitsa maunyolo azakudya ndi masamba azakudya, si inu nokha. Koma musadandaule, tabwera kudzakulongosolerani zinthu. Tubandaulei bipangujo bya dyalelo ne dyalelo mu miswelo mivule. Mfundo zimenezi n’zofunika kwambiri kwa akatswiri a zachilengedwe pamene akuvumbula ubale wocholoŵana pakati pa zomera ndi zinyama m’chilengedwe.
Chakudya chili ngati nkhani yonena za amene amadya molunjika. Tayerekezerani kuti mkango ukudya mbidzi, ndipo inu muli ndi maganizo amenewa. Kumbali ina, ukonde wa chakudya uli ngati ukonde wovuta wa nkhani zolumikizana. Imasonyeza kugwirizana kwa zomera ndi zinyama zosiyanasiyana m’chilengedwe, kusonyeza kugwirizana kocholoŵana kumene kumachirikiza zamoyo.
Pomvetsetsa mfundozi, akatswiri azachilengedwe amapeza chidziwitso chofunikira cha momwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana imadalirana kuti ipulumuke. Conco, tiyeni tiloŵe m’dziko la maunyolo a zakudya ndi maukonde a cakudya kuti timvetsetse udindo wa zomera ndi zinyama m’chilengedwe chathu.
Kodi Chakudya Chakudya N'chiyani?
Chakudya chili ngati mzere wosonyeza mmene mphamvu zimayendera kuchoka ku chamoyo china kupita ku china m’chilengedwe. Zimayamba ndi mphamvu yochokera kudzuwa. Kenako, mphamvu imeneyi imayenda m’mitundu yosiyanasiyana, imodzi ndi inzake.
Mwachitsanzo, tiyeni tione mndandanda wa zakudya zosavuta: Dzuwa → Udzu → Mbidzi → Mkango. Dzuwa limapatsa mphamvu udzu umene mbidzi zimadya. Kenako, mkango umadya mbidzi.
Chakudya chimatiphunzitsa mmene zamoyo zonse zimapezera mphamvu kuchokera ku chakudya. Amasonyezanso mmene zakudya zimayendera kuchoka ku mtundu wina kupita ku mtundu wina.
Tsopano, lingalirani zazakudya zovuta kwambiri: Dzuwa → Udzu → Ziwala → Khoswe → Njoka → Nkhuku. Mu unyolo uwu, chiwala amadya udzu, mbewa amadya ziwala, njoka amadya mbewa, ndipo pamapeto pake, kabawi amadya njoka.
Choncho, maunyolo a zakudya amatithandiza kumvetsetsa momwe mphamvu ndi zakudya zimayendera zachilengedwe, kuchokera ku zomera kufika ku zinyama, zazikulu ndi zazing’ono.
Ma Trophic Levels mu Chakudya Chakudya
Mu chilengedwe, zamoyo zonse zimagawidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana otchedwa trophic levels. Miyezo iyi imathandizira akatswiri azachilengedwe kuti aphunzire ndikumvetsetsa zomwe zamoyo zimachita mkati mwa chilengedwe. Tiyeni tiwone mulingo uliwonse wa trophic mumndandanda wazakudya.
1. Opanga
Mu zachilengedwe, gawo loyamba limakhala ndi opanga. Tizilombozi timatchedwa opanga chifukwa amatha kupanga chakudya chawo. Mosiyana ndi zolengedwa zina, iwo sadalira wina aliyense kuti apeze mphamvu zawo.
Opanga makamaka amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya Dzuwa m'njira yotchedwa photosynthesis kuti apange mphamvu zawo ndi zakudya zawo. Zomera zimagwera m'gululi, monga algae, phytoplankton, ndi zina mitundu ya mabakiteriya.
Zamoyozi zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri kuti mphamvu za chilengedwe zisamayende bwino, zomwe zimakhala ngati maziko a chakudya chilichonse. Kukwanitsa kwawo kupanga chakudya chawo pawokha kumawasiyanitsa kuti ndi omwe amathandizira paumoyo wonse komanso magwiridwe antchito a chilengedwe.
2. Ogula
Ogula mu Chakudya Chakudya
Ogula amatenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri pazakudya, kuyimira gawo lotsatira la trophic pambuyo pa opanga. Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu ya ogula: herbivores, carnivores, ndi omnivores.
- Zomera: Awa ndi ogula oyambirira omwe amadya zomera zokha. Zitsanzo ndi monga nswala, akalulu, akavalo, ng’ombe, nkhosa, ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Zitsamba zimatha kudya mbali zosiyanasiyana za zomera, monga masamba, nthambi, zipatso, zipatso, mtedza, udzu, maluwa, mizu, kapena mungu.
- Zanyama: Carnivore ndi ogula omwe amadya nyama zina zokha. Zitsanzo za nyama zodya nyama ndi monga amphaka, akambe, shaki, achule, akadzidzi, ndi akangaude.
- Omnivore: Omnivores ali ndi zakudya zomwe zimaphatikizapo zomera ndi zinyama. Zimbalangondo, anthu, raccoon, anyani ambiri, ndi mbalame zambiri zimatengedwa ngati omnivores.
Pamene ogula akukwera pamwamba pa mndandanda wa zakudya, milingo yosiyanasiyana imatuluka. Ogula oyambilira, monga nyama zodya udzu, amadya mbewu zokha, pomwe ogula achiwiri amadya ogula ena. Mu chitsanzo, mbewa ingakhale wogula wachiwiri, ndipo ogula apamwamba amadya ogula achiwiri - monga njoka mu chitsanzo choperekedwa.
Chakudyacho chimafika pachimake pa adani aapex, akukhala pamwamba. Muchitsanzo chomwe chaperekedwa, nkhwawa ndi nyama yolusa kwambiri. Zitsanzo zina za adani aapex m'malo osiyanasiyana azachilengedwe ndi mikango, mikango, mikango yamapiri, ndi shaki zazikulu. Kumvetsetsa udindo wa ogula kumathandiza kuunikira maubwenzi ovuta kwambiri m'chilengedwe.
3. Zowola
Zowola zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri ngati ulalo womaliza wazakudya. Tizilombo tothandiza izi, makamaka mabakiteriya ndi mafangasi, timakula bwino tikamadya zinthu zowola monga zomera ndi nyama zomwe zafa. Akamadya, zinthu zowola zimathyola zinthu zimenezi n’kuzisandutsa nthaka yokhala ndi michere yambirimbiri. Izi ndizofunikira pakubwezeretsanso zakudya m'chilengedwe.
Nthaka yokhala ndi michere yambiri yopangidwa ndi zowola imakhala yofunika kwambiri kwa zomera. Zomera zimayamwa zakudyazi kuti zipange chakudya chawochawo kudzera mu photosynthesis, zomwe zimayambitsa njira yatsopano yopangira chakudya. Kwenikweni, zowola zimakhala ngati oyeretsa chilengedwe, akumabwezeretsanso bwino zotsalira za zamoyo zomwe zidakhalapo kale kukhala zida zamtengo wapatali zomwe zimathandizira kukhazikika kwa moyo muzachilengedwe.
M’mawu osavuta, zowola zimathandiza kuti chilengedwe chisamayende bwino mwa kusandutsa zinyalala kukhala zakudya zothandiza za zomera, kumapanga chizungulire chosalekeza chimene chimathandizira kupulumuka kwa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana m’chilengedwe.
Kodi Web Web ndi chiyani?
Ukonde wa chakudya uli ngati chithunzi chachikulu cha amene amadya m’malo akutiakuti. M’malo mongosonyeza mzere wosavuta wochokera kudzuwa kupita ku zomera kupita ku zinyama, amavumbula mmene zamoyo zonse za m’derali zimagwirizanirana. Tangoganizani ngati ukonde waukulu wokhala ndi ulusi wambiri - ulusi uliwonse umayimira njira ina yomwe nyama zimapezera chakudya.
Mwachidule, ukonde wa chakudya ndi gulu la maunyolo olumikizidwa. Unyolo uwu umatiuza za ubale wamitundu yosiyanasiyana mu a malo enieni. Mwa kuyang’ana pa malo ochezera a zakudya, asayansi angamvetse mmene nyama ndi zomera zosiyanasiyana zimadalirana kuti zikhale ndi moyo. Zili ngati kuona chithunzithunzi chocholoŵana cha moyo m’chilengedwe.
Kotero, mmalo moganiza za chilengedwe monga mzere wowongoka, jambulani ngati maukonde ovuta kumene chirichonse chimadalirana. Ukonde wa zakudya umatithandiza kuona kugwirizana kodabwitsa kwa zomera ndi zinyama, kusonyeza kusalimba mtima kwa zamoyo za m’chilengedwe chathu.
Siyani Mumakonda