Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunoreva kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kunononoka, kunogara kwenguva refu. Inoita kuti Nyika idziye uye inokonzera njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga dzakadai semadutu ane simba, mafashamo, uye kusanaya kwemvura kwenguva refu.
Dzimwe nguva, kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kunoitika kuburikidza nezvikonzero zvechisikigo, asi kana vanhu vakaita chikamu chikuru mazviri, rinova dambudziko rakakura kwatiri tese. Parizvino ndiyo imwe yenyaya dzekukurumidzira dzatakatarisana nadzo munyika nhasi.
Masayendisiti anga achitarisa kuti mabasa evanhu, sekuburitsa magasi akadai semethane necarbon dioxide (CO2), anokanganisa sei pasi. Magasi aya anoteya kupisa, achiita kuti Nyika idziye, uye izvo zvinotungamirira kumarudzi ose ezvinetso.
Wakambozvibvunza nezvezvikonzero zvikuru zvekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze? Pane 10 zvikonzero zvakakosha zvekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze zvakaonekwa nemasayendisiti. Ngationgororei uye tinzwisise kuti sei tichifanira kutora matanho.
10 Zvikonzero Zvikuru Zvekuchinja Kwemamiriro ekunze
1. Fossil Fuel Development
Mafuta ezvicherwa anoita basa rakakosha mukushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Kana tikashandisa zvisaririra zvakaita seoiri negasi, magasi egreenhouse anokuvadza anoburitswa mumhepo yePasi. Maitiro anotanga nekuchera nekugadzira mafuta aya.
Iyo Natural Resources Defense Council inotaura kuti kuvandudzwa kwemafuta negasi ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Zviitwa zvakaita sekuchera, kukorobha, kutakura, uye kukwenenzvera zvinopa hutsi padanho rega rega.
Chimwe chinonetsa kuburitswa kwemethane, gasi rine simba regreenhouse rinobata kupisa kwakawanda kupfuura carbon dioxide mumhepo. Kunyangwe kana matsime eoiri neegesi akasiiwa, anoramba achidonha methane.
Muna 2018, matsime emafuta negasi anodarika mamirioni mazana matatu nemazana maviri muUnited States akaburitsa 3.2 kilotons yemethane.
Uku kubuda kwemagasi egreenhouse, kunyanya methane, kunowedzera kukanganisa kwemamiriro ekunze. Inotaridza kukosha kwekuongororazve kutsamira kwedu pamafuta ezvicherwa uye kutsvaga mamwe, anogoneka simba masosi kudzikamisa mhedzisiro yezvakatipoteredza.
2. Kutemwa kwemasango
Kutemwa kwemasango ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru zvekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze. Ndiko apo vanhu vanotema nemaune miti pasi pose. Masango makuru, zvikurukuru muSouth America, Central Africa, uye Southeast Asia, anotapurwa.
Maererano nechinyorwa (Mhedzisiro yeKutema Masango paKuchinja Kwemamiriro ekunze), kutemwa kwemiti kunobudisa C02 uye izvi zvinokanganisa kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze. Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunogona kudzikiswa kana tikachengetedza masango mumusha medu.
Apo miti inotemwa, kabhoni yakachengetwa mairi inobudiswa mumhepo. Maererano ne Union of Concerned Scientists, carbon dioxide (CO2) inobva mukutema masango anogara achinaya mvura inoita isingasviki 10% yetsvina inokonzera kudziya kwepasi.
Kudzikisira kukanganisa kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, zvakakosha kuderedza kutemwa kwemasango nekuchengetedza masango edu. Kutora matanho ekuchengetedza aya akakosha ecosystems kwaizoita musiyano mukuru mukugadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze.
Uyewo Verenga: 10 Mienzaniso yeSocial Issues muUS
3. Nzvimbo dzekurasa tsvina
Nzvimbo dzekurasa marara, dzinowanzozivikanwa sepombi dzemarara, inzvimbo dzinorasa marara. Kunyange nzvimbo idzi dzine chinangwa chekudzikisa kukanganiswa kwemarara panharaunda uye hutano hwevanhu, dzinobatsira mukushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Dambudziko rekutanga riri mukuburitswa kwakakosha kwemagasi egreenhouse. Maererano neEnvironment Center paYunivhesiti yeBoulder, marara anoburitsa huwandu hwakakura hwemethane, CO2, mhute yemvura, uye mamwe magasi.
Chimwe chiri kunetsa kushandiswa kukuru kwevhu kunzvimbo dzekurasa idzi. MuUnited States chete, kune nzvimbo dzinosvika zviuru zvitatu dzinorashira marara, dzinofukidza maeka anoda kusvika miriyoni maviri enzvimbo yakasikwa. Kuwedzerwa kwemarara kwemarara kunokanganisa munhu wese, zvine mhedzisiro inokuvadza kuvanhu nemhuka dzinogara padyo.
4. Fluorinated Gases
Carbon dioxide (CO2) uye methane zvinowanzo ratidzwa sezvikuru zvinokonzeresa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, asi pane chimwe chinonetsa: magasi efluorinated, anowanzozivikanwa seF-gases. Aya magasi anogadzirwa nevanhu anoshandiswa muzvigadzirwa zvakasiyana uye maitiro emaindasitiri.
Refrigeration uye air conditioning equipment, indasitiri yemagetsi, mishonga, uye kugadzirwa kwealuminium mienzaniso yekuti magasi aya anogona kuwanikwa kupi, sekureva kweEuropean Commission.
Kunyange zvazvo F-gasi ichiita 3% chete yegreenhouse gas emissions uye isingakuvadzi iyo ozone layer, iyo inonyanya kunetseka nekuda kwesimba rayo. Magasi aya ane simba rakapetwa ka23,000 pane CO2. Izvo zvakakosha kuti ticherechedze kukanganisa kwemagasi efluorinated pakushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kufunga matanho ekudzikisa mupiro wavo.
5. indasitiri
Nemashoko akapfava, “indasitiri” inoreva kugadzira zvinhu zvakaita sesimende, simbi, mbatya, nezvimwe. Kana michina ichigadzira zvinhu izvi, inoburitsa magasi anokuvadza anokonzera kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze.
Iyo Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inotaura kuti indasitiri ndiyo inokonzera chikamu che24% chekubuda kwegasi regreenhouse pasi rose. Izvi zvinosanganisira kupisa mafuta efossil emagetsi uye kuburitsa kubva kune akasiyana maitiro ekugadzira.
Sezvo nhamba yevanhu vari munyika inowedzera, maindasitiri ari kuwedzerawo. Zvakakosha kutsvaga nzira dzekudzikisa hutsi hunogadzirwa nechikamu ichi. Izvi zvinoreva kutora maitiro akachena uye akasimba mukugadzira maitiro. Nekuita izvi, tinogona kubatsira kuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza uye kurwisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
6. Plastiki
Plastiki ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Inonyanya kugadzirwa kubva kumafuta emafuta, ayo anokuvadza kune zvakatipoteredza. Anenge ese epurasitiki, anenge 99%, anogadzirwa kubva kumafuta aya. Mushure mekushandisa epurasitiki, kazhinji haigadzirwe zvakare. Chikamu chidiki chete, chingangoita 9%, chinogadzirwazve pasirese.
Zvizhinji zvacho zvinopedzisira zvave mumatororo, masango, nyanza, nedzimwe nzvimbo muzvisikwa. Apo plastiki inoputsika, inobudisa magasi e<em>greenhouse mumhepo nomumvura. Izvi zvinowedzera kusvibiswa uye kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze. Saka, plastiki idambudziko guru kune zvakatipoteredza.
7. Kutakura
Muna 2010, zvekufambisa zvakabatsira kusvika pachikamu che15% chekubuda kwegasi regreenhouse pasi rose. Izvi zvinosanganisira kusvibiswa kunokonzerwa nekupisa mafuta ezvicherwa mundege, motokari, ngarava, zvitima, uye marori. Gasi rinonyanya kuburitswa icarbon dioxide (CO2), kunyanya nekuda kwekushandisa peturu nemafuta edhiziri.
MuUnited States, ruzhinji rwekubuda kwegasi regreenhouse kubva mukufambisa kunobva kumota dzemazuva ese nemarori. Ndege dzinobatsirawo zvakanyanya mukusvibisa, uye ndege dzepachivande dzinoratidza kukanganisa kwevapfumi pamamiriro ekunze. Imwe ongororo yakaratidza kuti munhu ari kubhururuka nendege yakazvimirira anoburitsa kabhoni kusvibiswa kwakapetwa ka10 kusvika ka20 kupfuura munhu ari mundege yekutengeserana.
Izvi zvakawanikwa zvinosimbisa basa rakakura rinoitwa nezvifambiso munyaya dzezvakatipoteredza, tichitarisa kusvibiswa kunokonzerwa nemaitiro akajairwa ekufambisa uye kukanganisa kunoshamisa kwekufamba kwemhepo yakazvimirira pakubudisa kabhoni.
8. Fetereza
Fetereza yakaita basa rinokosha mukupa zvokudya kuvanhu vari kuramba vachiwedzera pasi rose. Nitrogen fetireza, kunyanya, yakawedzera zvakanyanya kugadzirwa kwechikafu, asi pane chinokanganisa. Kugadzirwa kwemafetereza ekugadzira kunokonzera 1.4% yegore negore carbon dioxide (CO2) inobuda.
Pamusoro pezvo, kushandiswa kwefetereza kunobatsira pakuburitsa kusiri kweCO2. Nekudaro, zvinonetsa kumisa kugadzirwa nekukasira sezvo ingangoita 48% yehuwandu hwepasi rose vanovimba nechikafu chinorimwa nefotereza yekugadzira.
Kuti tigadzirise nyaya iyi, tinogona kuongorora kushandisa mafetiraiza echisikigo, tichideredza kushata kwenitrogen feteraiza, nekugadzira dzimwe nzira dzinogara dziripo. Matanho aya anogona kubatsira kudzikisira kutsamira kwenyika pafotereza yekugadzira.
Nekuwana kuenzana pakati pekuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvekudya zvehuwandu hwevanhu vari kukura uye nekudzikamisa kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kwemafetereza, tinogona kushandira kune ramangwana rakagadzikana uye rine hutano hwepasi redu.
Uyewo Verenga: Chii chinonzi Environmental Science?
9. Kugadzira Simba uye Kudziya
Kwemakore anopfuura 150, oiri, marasha, uye gasi ragara richishandiswa munyika yose. Zviwanikwa izvi, zvinonzi fossil fuels, zvinopa simba rinosvika 80% resimba rinoshandiswa pasi rose. MuUnited States, marasha, oiri, uye gasi rechisikigo chimwe nechimwe chinopa zvikamu zvikuru pakushandiswa kwesimba. Muna 2020, marasha akapa 19% yesimba, ukuwo oiri negasi rechisikigo chimwe nechimwe chaitora chikamu chimwe muzvitatu.
Pasinei nekukura kwekushandiswa kwemamwe masimba emagetsi akadai sesimba rezuva nemhepo, kuvimba kwedu nemafuta efossil emagetsi nekupisa kunoramba kwakakwira. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chikamu chikuru chesimba ratinoshandisa kusimbaradza dzimba dzedu, mabhizinesi, uye maindasitiri anobva mukupisa mafuta aya.
Nepo magetsi anogona kudzokororwa achipa dzimwe nzira dzakachena, haasati atsiva mafuta efossil zvachose. Sezvo isu tichienderera mberi nekuongorora nekugadzira zvigadziriso zvesimba, kudzikisira kutsamira kwedu pamafuta efossil kuchave kwakakosha kudzikamisa kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuve nechokwadi cheramangwana rakagadzikana.
10. Kunyanya Kushandisa
Kushandisa zvakanyanya ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru zvekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Kana tikagadzira mapurasitiki akawandisa, kutambisa chikafu, uye kugadzira mota dzakawanda, zvinoparira dambudziko. Kunyange zviito zvemunhu mumwe nemumwe zvine basa, havasi vese vanogovana mutoro wakaenzana wekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze.
Chidzidzo kubva PLOS Climate inoratidza kuti inenge hafu yekudziya gasi regreenhouse muUS inokonzerwa nevakapfuma kwazvo vekuAmerica. Izvi hazvingoite nekuda kwemararamiro avo; vanoisawo mari mumakambani anogadzira mafuta efossil.
Kunyanya kushandiswa kunodarika huwandu hwezvinhu zvatinotenga; zvine chekuitawo nekutsvaga hupfumi hwakanyanya pamutengo wevamwe vanhu uye zvakatipoteredza. Kugadzirisa nyaya iyi kunoda kushanda nesimba kuti tideredze tsoka yedu yezvakatipoteredza uye kufunga zvakare kutsvaga kwatinoita zvinhu zvakawandisa.
Leave a Reply