United States, ine huwandu hwevanhu vanopfuura mamirioni mazana matatu nemakumi matatu vakapararira mumatunhu ayo makumi mashanu neWashington DC, yakatarisana nematambudziko akasiyana emagariro. Kukanganisa kwezvematongerwo enyika netsika dzeAmerica zvinotambanuka pasi rose, zvichifurira vanhu pasi rese.
Zvakakosha kuziva dzimwe nyaya dzine mukurumbira dzinobata nyika. Takurukura dzimwe nyaya dzemagariro nemienzaniso kuti ikubatsire zvirinani kunzwisisa nyaya dziripo.
Chikwereti chevadzidzi idambudziko rakapararira, rinoremedza vanhu vazhinji vari kutsvaga dzidzo. Kusaenzana kwemihoro ndiyo imwe nyaya, inoratidza kusaenzana kwemuhoro pakati pemapoka akasiyana. Utano nedzimba zvinonetsa, zvinokanganisa kugara zvakanaka kwevagari vemo uye kuwana pokugara.
Rusaruraganda rinoramba riri dambudziko rakadzika midzi, rinokanganisa zvakasiyana-siyana zvenzanga yeAmerica. Kuziva uye kugadzirisa nyaya idzi gumi kwakakosha mukugadzira nzanga yakaenzana uye ine ruramisiro, kwete yevaAmerica chete asi nenharaunda yepasi rose yakakanganiswa nematambudziko aya.
Ramba uchiverenga paunodzidza zvakawanda nezve nyaya dzemagariro mienzaniso muUS inoda kutariswa nekukurumidza.
Mienzaniso yeSocial Issues muUS
1. Dambudziko reHousing Affordable Housing
Kuwana dzimba dzinodhura muUnited States kuri kuramba kuchioma. A 2021 bhenji Research Chirevo chinoratidza kuti 49% yevaAmerican vanoona dzimba dzinodhura se "dambudziko hombe" munharaunda dzavanogara, zvichiratidza kuwedzera kwegumi kubva pakutanga kwa10.
Dambudziko iri rakabatana zvakanyanya nemuhoro wakamira, zvichikonzera kushushikana kuri kuwedzera munyika yose.
Chirevo cheNational Low Income Housing Coalition cha2021 chinoburitsa chokwadi chinoshungurudza: hapana mushandi mune chero nyika anogona kutenga imba yekurojesa ine makamuri maviri neyakajairwa maawa makumi mana ekushanda vhiki. Mumatunhu akaita seNew York, California, neTexas, mamiriro ezvinhu akanyanya kuoma.
MuNew York, munhu anofanirwa kushanda maawa makumi mapfumbamwe nemana pasvondo pamuhoro wehurumende weUS$94/awa kuti awane imba yekurenda 12.50. MuCalifornia, iyo $1/awa yakaderera mubairo inoda 14.00 maawa ekushanda pasvondo zvakafanana. Kunyangwe muTexas, nemuhoro wayo wemadhora manomwe neshanu/awa, rendi yeimba yekurara 89 inoda basa rinoshamisa remaawa zana.
Mihoro isingamire, zvikwereti zviri kukwira, uye mitengo iri kukwira inoparadzawo chishuwo chekuva muridzi wemba, kunyanya kuMireniyamu.
Zvinoenderana neApartment Rondedzero, 18% yevanoroja mireniyumu vanotarisana nezvipingamupinyi zvakakura zvekupinda mumusika wedzimba, zvichiwedzera kune dambudziko rakakura rekugona kwekugara munyika.
2. The Kutamburira Affordable Healthcare
Kuwana hutano hunoshanda uye husingadhuri hwehutano hunoramba huri dambudziko muUnited States.
Zvinoenderana nekuongororwa na KFF vachishandisa data yehurumende, munhu mumwe chete pavakuru gumi akaremerwa nechikwereti chekurapa, nevanhu vane mamirioni matatu vane chikwereti chinodarika zviuru gumi zvemadhora. Avo vanonyanya kukanganiswa nechikwereti chakakura chekurapa vanosanganisira vanhu vakuru Vatema, vanhu vakaremara, uye avo vane hutano husina kunaka. Pakazara, vanhu vekuAmerica pamwe chete vane chikwereti chemazana emabhiriyoni emadhora.
Kukanganisa kwedenda reCCIDID-19 kwakawedzera kuburitsa zvikanganiso muhurongwa hwehutano. Chinyorwa cha2021 chakasimbisa nyaya dzekutsungirira dzakaita sezvipingamupinyi mukuwanikwa kwehutano, mitengo yakakwira, kusaenzana, kuregeredzwa kwehutano hweveruzhinji, uye kushushikana kwemhando, zvese zviri kuwedzera nedenda. Iyo iripo yehutano system yakaratidza kusakwana kugadzirisa dambudziko iri nemazvo.
Kuti United States igadzirise denda remangwana uye hutano hwezuva nezuva uye kugara zvakanaka kwevagari vayo, kugadziridzwa kwakazara kwehutano hwehutano kwakakosha.
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3. Kukura Kwemuhoro Kusaenzana
Kuongorora kwechangobva kuitwa ne Economic Policy Institute yakaratidza maitiro ane chekuita nekusaenzana kwemuhoro kubva 1979 kusvika 2020.
Mubairo wepamusoro 1.0% wakakwira ne179.3%, nekuwedzera kunoshamisa kwe389.1% kwepamusoro 0.1%. Mukupesana kukuru, mihoro yepasi 90% yakawedzera ne28.2% chete.
Uku kupatsanurwa kuri kukura kwemuhoro kwakonzera mamiriro ezvinhu anotyisa apo, muna 2020, yepasi makumi mapfumbamwe muzana yakagamuchira chete 90% yemuhoro wese - chikamu chakaderera kubva pakatanga kuteedzera data muna 60.2.
Muna 2021, kusawirirana kwehupfumi kwakaramba kuchiwedzera sezvo vepamusoro gumi muzana veAmerica vakabata 10% yehupfumi hwese hweUS. Uyezve, gaka riri pakati pemubhadharo weCEO uye mihoro yevashandiwo zvavo rinoratidza kusaenzana kwakanyanya munyika.
Pakati pa1978 na2018, mubhadharo weCEO wakawedzera ne900%, nepo mushandiwo zvake akaona kuwedzera kushoma kwe11.9%. Iyi data inosimbisa chokwadi chekuti vapfumi zvechokwadi vari kupfuma muUnited States, zvichiwedzera nyaya yekusaenzana kwemari.
4. Chikwereti chemudzidzi
Chikwereti chevadzidzi chinoramba chiri chimwe chemienzaniso yepamusoro yezvemagariro muUS.
Mune chinyorwa cha2022, Forbes yakasimbisa nezve chokwadi pamusoro pechikwereti chechikwereti chevadzidzi muUnited States. Chikwereti chose chemudzidzi, kubatanidza zvikwereti zvemubatanidzwa uye zvepachivande, zvinosvika pamadhora zviuru zana nemakumi manomwe neshanu. Paavhareji, munhu anokwereta ane chikwereti chinoda kusvika $1.75.
Zvikwereti zveFederal mudzidzi zvinopa chikamu che92% chechikwereti chemudzidzi chese, nekukura kunodarika kuwedzera kwechikoro ne353.8%. Pasinei nenhamburiko dzehurumende dzokuyamura, chinetso chinopfuurira. Muna 2020, chikwereti chevadzidzi chakawedzera neinopfuura 8%, zvichisiya vazhinji vanokwereta vachinetseka kubhadhara.
Mhedzisiro yekusarira kumashure pakubhadhara chikwereti inowedzera kupfuura dambudziko remari. Kudonha kwezvibodzwa zvechikwereti kunoitika, zvichitadzisa kuwana mamwe maitiro ekuyamura chikwereti. Nyaya iri kuenderera mberi iri kuwedzera nekushaikwa kwemamwe mitsetse yechikwereti, zvichiita kuti vanhu vapinde muchikwereti.
Kukwidzwa kwemari yechikoro kunobata basa rakakura, asi kuderedzwa kwemari yehurumende yedzidzo yepamusoro uye mihoro iri kuramba ichienda kunopawo dambudziko iri. Nepo rubatsiro rwekukurumidza ruchigona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekukanzurwa kwechikwereti, nzira yakazara inodiwa, kugadzirisa mitengo yechikoro, kudzikiswa kwemari, uye mihoro yakamira kuti vagadzirise dambudziko rechikwereti chemudzidzi.
5. Rusaruraganda
Rusaruraganda rave riri dambudziko muUnited States kwemakore akawanda. Muna 2020, pakave nekuratidzira kukuru kwekodzero dzevanhu, kukuru kubva kuma1960. Asi, haasi munhu wose anotsigira kuedza kuita kuti zvinhu zvive nani.
Vamwe vanhu vanopikisa mabhuku anotaura nezvemarudzi nerusaruraganda, zvikuru muzvikoro. Izvi zvinoita kuti zviomere vana kudzidza nezvenyaya idzi dzakakosha.
Rusaruraganda runoonekawo nenzira dzechisimba. Muna Chivabvu, munhu ane makore gumi nemasere akauraya vanhu vatema gumi nemaune. Akanyora manifesto achitsanangura kuti sei akazviitira. Aidavira pfungwa inonzi Great Replacement Theory, iyo inoti Varungu vari kutsiviwa.
Ongororo vakawana kuti vangangosvika vanomwe pagumi veRepublicans, boka rezvematongerwo enyika, vanofunga kuti vezvematongerwo enyika vakasununguka vanoda simba rakawanda nekutsiva vavhoti veWhite. Izvi hazvireve kuti vese maRepublicans vangaita chimwe chinhu chechisimba, asi zvinoratidza kuti pfungwa dzerusaruraganda dzichiri dzakajairika. Tinofanira kutsvaga nzira dzekushandura pfungwa idzi uye kuita kuti nyika ive nani kune wese munhu.
6. Matambudziko eKodzero dzekuvhota
Kurwiswa kwekodzero dzekuvhota ndeimwe yemienzaniso mikuru yezvekugarisana kwevanhu uye kunetseka kukuru muUnited States nekuti inokanganisa dzimwe nyaya dzakawanda. Brennan Center For Justice inochengeta zvirambidzo, uye kubva muna Ndira 1 kusvika Zvita 7, 2021, 19 nyika dzakapasisa mitemo makumi matatu neina inodzikamisa kuvhota.
MaRepublicans agara achida mitemo yakaoma yekuvhota, asi mushure mekunyepedzera kuti VaJoe Biden vakaba sarudzo yemutungamiri wenyika, kurwiswa kwavo kwawedzera.
The Center yakaona kuti kubva muna Chivabvu 4, 2022, mabhiri makumi matatu nemana ane zvirambidzo aifamba nemumatare gumi nerimwe enyika. Muchikamu chese chemutemo cha34, nyika makumi matatu nepfumbamwe dzichafunga nezve mabhiri mazana mana anorambidza kuvhota.
Aya mabhiri anovavarira kudzikamisa tsamba-mukuvhota, kurambidza kuvhota kweSvondo, kuunza mitemo mitsva kana yakasimba yeID yevavhoti, nezvimwe. Mitemo iyi haingogumiri pakuvhota chete asiwo inotsigira manyepo ekunyepa pamusoro pesarudzo, izvo zvinoita kuti vavhoti vasavimbe nezvakabuda.
7. Dambudziko reMupoteri Dambudziko
Dambudziko revapoteri, iro rinonyanya kutariswa muna 2019, rinoramba richinetsa kune avo vanobatwa zvakananga.
Maererano neSangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose, nhamba isingaenzaniswi yevanhu yava kugara munyika yakasiyana nekwavakaberekerwa. Vanosvika 70.8 miriyoni vanhu vakamanikidzwa kusiya misha yavo, uye vangangosvika mamirioni makumi matatu vanonzi vapoteri. Zvinoshamisa kuti inopfuura hafu yevapoteri pasi rose inoumbwa nevanhu vari pasi pemakore gumi nemasere.
Nharaunda yakasiiwa iyi inonetsekana nezvipingaidzo zvakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira kuwana kushomeka kwedzidzo, hutano, mikana yemabasa, uye zviwanikwa zvakakosha. Vangave vachitiza kurwisana kana njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga munyika dzavanogara, vapoteri vanoda rubatsiro rwokuwedzera pakugadzirisa matambudziko avanotarisana nawo.
Vashandi vezvemagariro evanhu, vane unyanzvi hwavo hwakasiyana, vakanyatsoshongedzerwa kuti vape rubatsiro runodikanwa kubatsira vanhu ava kurarama uye kukunda kuoma kwemamiriro avo ezvinhu. Kudiwa kwekuedza pamwe chete kugadzirisa nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana dzakapoteredza dambudziko revapoteri rinoramba riripo pakuvimbisa kugara zvakanaka uye kugadzikana kweavo vanobatwa.
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8. Nyaya Yekurambidza Mabhuku Muzvikoro
Mumwedzi ichangopfuura, vanhu vakawanda vane hanya nedzidzo, vakadai sevatarisiri veraibhurari nevadzidzisi, vakatyiswa nenhamba iri kuwedzera yezvirambidzo zvemabhuku zviri kuitika muzvikoro muUnited States mose.
PEN America, mukuverenga kwayo mabhuku akarambidzwa kwokutanga, yakaratidza nyaya dzinopfuura 1,500 26 dzokurambidzwa kwemabhuku mumwedzi mipfumbamwe chete. Kurambidzwa uku kwakaitika mumatunhu makumi maviri nematanhatu, zvichikanganisa matunhu echikoro makumi masere nematanhatu uye kukanganisa zvikoro zvinosvika zviuru zvitatu zvine vadzidzi vanopfuura mamirioni maviri.
Kunyange zvinonetsa kumabhuku mumaraibhurari echikoro zvisiri zvitsva, chinosiyanisa maitiro aya ndechekuti 41% yezvirambidzo zvakanyorwa muPEN's Index zvine hukama nevakuru vehurumende kana vamiriri vemitemo vakasarudzwa, zvichiratidza "kuchinja kusati kwamboitika." Mabhuku akatarisana nematambudziko anowanzo kubata zvidzidzo zvakaita sedzidzo yezvepabonde, LGBTQ+ kuzivikanwa, uye dzidziso yedzinza nerusarura.
Mapoka anochengetedza, saAmai veRusununguko, anowanzo shandisa nharo ye "kodzero dzevabereki" kupembedza kurambidzwa uku. Pane kutombotyira kuti kurambidzwa kwemabhuku kunogona kuwedzera kupfuura maraibhurari echikoro, sezvinoonekwa mune imwe nyaya iyo mumiriri weVirginia akamhan'arira Barnes & Noble kudzivirira kutengeswa kwemabhuku maviri anonzi anonyadzisa kuvana vadiki pasina mvumo yevabereki. Nepo kuwedzera uku mukurambidzwa kwemabhuku kuchiri kutsva, parizvino ndeimwe yenyaya dzinonetsa dzemagariro muUS.
9. Dambudziko reMhirizhonga yepfuti
Mhirizhonga yepfuti idambudziko guru muUnited States, uye nyanzvi munyaya dzehutano dzinoti dzakafanana nedambudziko reutano kune veruzhinji. Haingobatanidzi vanhu vanourayiwa chete; ine simba rakawanda munzvimbo dzakasiyana sehutano nemabasa evanhu.
Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana emhirizhonga yepfuti, akadai semhondi, mhirizhonga yezvikwata, kupfura kwevanhu vakawanda, uye kuzviuraya.
Zvinosuruvarisa, US ndiyo ine nhamba yepamusoro-soro yemhondi dzine chekuita nepfuti pakati penyika dzakabudirira. Migumisiro yechisimba chepfuti haingonzwiki chete neavo vanorasikirwa noupenyu hwavo; vanhu vanokuvara, vanoona mhirizhonga yepfuti ichiitika kana kurasikirwa nemumwe wavanoitira hanya vanosanganawo nematambudziko anogara kwenguva refu, mupfungwa nemumuviri wavo.
Nyaya inodarika nhamba chete; itiro hanya inobata upenyu hwakawanda uye ine miuyo inosvika kure pagarikano yavanhu.
10. Kururamisa Kwemamiriro ekunze
Kururamisa kwemamiriro ekunze ndomumwe wemienzaniso yakakosha yenyaya dzemagariro izvo vesainzi nevaratidziri vanga vachisimbisa kwemakore. Zvisinei nenyevero iyi, zvishoma zvaitwa kugadzirisa matambudziko ari kukonzerwa nekusanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
IUnited States ikozvino iri kutarisana nemigumisiro yakaipisisa, inoonekwa mumadutu echando anoparadza 2021. Aya madutu akatungamirira kukukundikana kwemasimba ekugadzirisa simba muTexas, zvichikonzera kushomeka kwesimba, mvura, uye zvokudya. Chirevo kubva kuDhipatimendi reHurumende Health Services chakaratidza kufa mazana maviri nemakumi mana nevatanhatu, asi huwandu chaihwo hunogona kunge hwakakwira.
Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti kudziya kunokonzerwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze muArctic kunogona kunge kwakabatana nemadutu aya. Sezvo mamiriro ekunze achidziya, kubuda kwepolar vortex kunowedzera, zvichitungamira kurudzi rwemadutu akaonekwa muTexas. Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kukonzerawo mwaka wakareba wemoto wesango uye kupisa kwakanyanya, sekuonekwa kuPacific Northwest muna Chikumi 2021, zvichikonzera mazana ekufa.
Zviitiko "zvisina kujairika" zvakadaro zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvichawanda, zvichiratidza kudikanwa kwekukurumidzira kwechiito chekugadzirisa nekudzikisa kukanganisa kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze munharaunda yedu nenharaunda.
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