Ndeapi ari gumi nemana Mavara ePunctuation, zviratidzo nezvibodzwa muChirungu uye munhu angazvishandisa sei zvinobudirira?
Mamiriro ekunyora anogona kuwedzera kumikidzo uye mutinhimira pamitsara yatiri kunyora kana kuti yatiri kuda kunyora. Zvakadaro, zvinogona kukufadza iwe kuziva kuti vanhu vazhinji, kubva kune vatauri veChirungu kusvika kune avo vanotaura nekunyora mutauro Chirungu sendimi yekune imwe nyika, havawanzo ziva nguva uye kupi nyora dzemutauro.
Kana iwe uri pakati peavo vachiri kuona kushandiswa kwezviratidzo kuvhiringidza, usanetseka, hausiwe wega. Vanhu vazhinji, kunyangwe avo vari vatauri veChirungu, zvakadaro, vanozviona zvakaoma kushandisa zviratidziro mukugadzira kwavo mitsara yekunyora.
Kuziva mashandisirwo echiratidzo chega chega kwakakosha kana uchida tenzi kunyora kwako, ingava yenganonyorwa kana kuti inotengeswa zvakanyanya.
Nezve ese gumi nemana mamakisi ekunyora muChirungu Mutauro?
Pakazara, pane gumi neina chete zviratidzo zvemutauro muChirungu uye zvese zvakurukurwa muchinyorwa chino.
Izvi zviratidzo zvepumisikidzo zvinosanganisira mahyphens, zviratidzo zvemubvunzo, makotesheni, komasi, nhambo, ellipsis, colon, dash, mabhuraketi, zvidavado, semicolons, braces, maparentheses, uye apostrophes.
Kana kuita kuti zvinhu zvaunonyora zvive nyore kutsika ndizvo zvauri kuda, kana kuti uchida kuti zvinyorwa zvako zvitaridzike zvehunyanzvi, zvakakosha kuti uzive uye unzwisise mashandisirwo ezviratidzo zvepumira izvi.
Zvese zvaunoda kuti uite kubata bhodhoro rechinwiwa uye uverenge chinyorwa ichi kusvika kumagumo sezvo takurukura maziviro aya ezviratidzo zvepunctuation uye nekuashandisa.
Ndeapi gumi nemana ezviratidzo zvemutauro ane Context?
Tinogona kupatsanura nyora dzemutauro muzvikamu zvishanu, sezvataita pazasi. Izvi zvichakubatsira kuti uwedzere kunzwisisa mamiriro ezvinhu uye mamiriro ezvinhu apo aya mavara anogona kushandiswa uye kuti anobatana sei kune mumwe nemumwe.
- Zviratidzo zvemutauro zvakashandiswa kumagumo emutsara: chishevedzo, nguva, mubvunzo wemubvunzo,
- Makoroni, semikoroni, koma,
- dashes uye hyphens
- Mabhureki, Mabhureki uye Maparentheses
- Makotesheni, ellipses uye apostrophes.
Chikamu chega chega chezviratidzo zviri pamusoro chine chinangwa chayo mumutsara kana chinyorwa. Nepo iwe ungaona mutsauko uripo pakati pemataera ekunyora muAmerican neBritish English, pano isu tafunga kutarisisa pamienzaniso yakajairika pachinzvimbo chekuedza kuipatsanura kuita misiyano isina kujeka.
Ngatitarisei zvakanyanya pane imwe neimwe chiratidzo chepunctuation uye mashandisirwo ayo.
Uyewo Verenga: Maitiro Ekunyora A Scholarship Essay
Rondedzero yemavara gumi nemana ePunctuation
- koma (,)
- HYPHEN (-)
- Nguva (.)
- Makokotesheni (“)
- ELLIPSIS (…)
- MAKAKO/KUCHEDZA MAKO (!)
- Mubvunzo Mako (?)
- Semicolon (;)
- DASH (-)
- Colon (:)
- maraketi ([])
- Mabhureki ({})
- Maparentheses (( ))
- Apostrophe (')
THE COMMA (,)
Comma inoshandiswa kuisa kumira mumitsara. Chinangwa chikuru chekuisa kumbomira mumutsara chinogona kunge chiri chezvikonzero zvakasiyana, sekuparadzanisa pfungwa, kusiyanisa mitsara, kana kutochinja maumbirwo echirevo.
Makoma sechimwe chezviratidzo zvepumisikidzo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muChirungu ane mashandisirwo akati wandei. Makoma anogonawo kushandiswa kune akananga kero, semuenzaniso:
- James, ndafara chaizvo kuti ndakwanisa kukuona zvakare.
Kana uine mitsara miviri yakakwana yaunoda kupatsanura, saka unogona kushandisa koma kuita izvozvo.
- Akaenda kuchechi, uye ipapo akabuda kundogamuchira mitezo mitsva.
Zvakare, iwe shandisa Commas, kana iwe uchida kunyora zvinhu mumutsara.
- Anoenda kunotenga rotenga, hembe mbiri, shangu nebhurugwa.
Ungada kubvunza; chii chinonzi comma splice? Uku ndiko kushandiswa kwemakoma pachinzvimbo chezvibatanidzo kubatanidza zvirevo zviviri zvakasiyana. Eg:
- Yatova nguva yemunamato, handidi kunamata.
- Mitsara haifanire kushandisa koma, asi panzvimbo pezvo:
- Yatova nguva yemunamato. Ini handidi kunamata.
Iyo Oxford comma ndechimwe chezviratidzo zvepumisikidzo zvinogaropokana muzvidzidzo neChirungu, uye kushandisa imwe kunowanzo kudzika kune zvinodiwa nevanhu. The Oxford comma ndipo panoiswa koma yekupedzisira pachinhu chekupedzisira pane rondedzero. Eg:
- Anofarira michero, miriwo, makeke, uye pasta.
HYPHEN (-)
Haufanire kuvhiringa mucherechedzo uyu nemadashi, hyphen inoshandiswa mumashoko akaumbwa kana uchibatanidza mazwi maviri kana anopfuura. Pazasi takanyora mamwe emazwi ane hyphenated.
- Mbichana mbichana
- Vamwene
- Ex-mukomana
Uyewo Verenga: Tsamba Yekukurudzira Yechishandiso Chebasa Muenzaniso
PERIOD(.)
Ichi chiratidzo chinoonekwa sechiratidzo chakatwasuka mumutauro weChirungu. Full stop inonyanyodanwa nevanhu uye inoreva kupera kwemutsara. Mutsara wakakwana unoonekwa sewakazara uye unozivisa.
Pano takuratidza mimwe mienzaniso yekumira/nguva pakupera kwemutsara:
- Shumba inorwisa makwai.
Imwe chirevo panoshandiswa nguva ndipo patinoda kuita zvipfupiso, sekunyora mazita evanhu zvichingodaro.
Pazasi pane mimwe mienzaniso yenguva yatinogona kushandisa chiratidzo chenguva pakuita mapfupiso:
- Dr Josephine Vanoroora VaJames.
- Mr Bassey. C. James vakaenda kuUK mushure memuchato Dr Chiamaka mumuchato waiitwa zvakanaka.
QUOTATION MARKS (“)
Makotesheni ndiwo mamwe ezviratidzo zvepumikira anoshandiswa kuratidza chinyorwa, kutaura, kana mazwi anotaurwa nevamwe.
Maererano ne Thesaurus.com, zviratidzo zvokutora mashoko zvinowanzoshandiswa kutanga nokugumisa mashoko.
- “Handizvifariri izvozvo,” akadaro Mark.
- Josephine akaudza James kuti "aizoda kumuroora rimwe zuva".
- Kwete kuvhiringika neapostrophe, chirevo chimwe chete ('') chinowanzo shandiswa pakutorwa mukati mechirevo.
- Josephine akaudza amai vake kuti “James mukomana akanaka uye aratidza kuti ‘anoda kundiroora’ ndisati ndadzoka kumba.
ELLIPSIS (…)
Ellipsis chiratidzo chepumikira chinogadzirwa nemitsara mitatu yakashandiswa pamwechete kuratidza kusiiwa kwe shoko kana tsamba.
Tinowanzo shandisa ellipsis kusvetuka kubva mumutsara kana mutsara kuenda kune mumwe tichisiya mazwi asina basa. Rinoshandiswawo pakunongedza mumwe munhu uye nekusiya mazwi asina basa.
Isu takapa mimwe mienzaniso pazasi kuti ikubatsire iwe kuwedzera kunzwisisa iyi poindi yezviratidzo.
- Kana pave pakati pehusiku, Hellen anotanga kuverenga achidzika: “Gumi, pfumbamwe, sere…” bhora richidonha.
- James paakati "Iwe haugone kuva iye wausingaone ..." aitaura nezve chokwadi chekuti iwe unofanirwa kufungidzira kwauri kuenda muhupenyu usati wasvika ikoko.
MAKAKO/KUCHEDZA MAKO (!)
Chiratidzo chekudanidzira, poindi kana mucherechedzo, chero waunosarudza kuchidaidza ndechimwe chezviratidzo zvaunogona kusarudza kushandisa panoperera mutsara apo mutsara unoratidza kutaura kwakasimba mupfungwa. Matauriro ari mubvunzo anogona kuva chero chinhu kubva mukunakidzwa, mufaro, chero chimwe chinhu, kusemburwa kana kutsamwa.
Makwikwi ndiwo mamwe ezviratidzo zvepumisikidzo anoshandiswa kusimbisa mitsara.
Maererano ne YourDictionary.com, kushevedzera kunogonawo kuita kuti chirevo chemunhu chiite sechisina kunaka kupfuura zvavaifunga.
Pazasi pane mamwe mamiriro atinogona kushandisa chiratidzo chekudanidzira:
- “Rinda musana wako!” anozhambatata.
- Ndiri kufara kuenda kuMuseum mangwana!
MAKAKO YEMUbvunzo (?)
Mubvunzo wemubvunzo unopedzisawo mutsara, asi unopedzisa mutsara nemubvunzo wakananga. Kazhinji, mitsara yemibvunzo inotanga nekuti, ndiani, sei, chii, sei, kana rini
Pazasi takakurukura dzimwe dzenzvimbo dzekushandisa mamakisi emubvunzo mumutsara.
• Unoda kudya chingwa here?
• Sei uchifarira kudya mupunga pane bhinzi?
Kazhinji, kana ikaverengwa zvinonzwika, mamakisi emubvunzo anoratidzawo shanduko yenzwi mumutsara, saka ziva izvi.
SEMICOLON (;)
Kufanana nemakoroni, semicolons inobatanidza zvikamu zviviri zvakasiyana. Zvisinei, muchiitiko ichi, zvirevo zvine hukama hwepedyo kupfuura kana colon inoshandiswa. Eg:
Ndine hurukuro yebasa mangwana mangwanani; Handichakwanisa kuenda kumafaro manheru ano.
Zvose zvikamu zvinoshandiswa mumutsara wepamusoro zvakazvimiririra zvakakwana kuti zvive mitsara yavo, asi panzvimbo yenguva, semicolon inogona kushandiswa kuratidza kuti zvikamu zviviri hazvisi izvo zvakasiyana asi zvakabatana mumwe nomumwe mumutsara.
Imwe mamiriro asina kujairika apo masemicolon anoshandiswa ari mumazita aifanira kunge akashandisa koma. Tarisa uone:
- Takaenda kuLondon, England; Berlin, Germany; Lagos, Nigeria; uye Atene, Girisi.
DASH (-)
Kune marudzi maviri ezviratidzo zve dash, izvo zvinosiyana muhukuru uye chinangwa.
En Dash: Kazhinji mapfupi pakureba, madheshi anoshandiswa kuratidza mitsara, sepakati penhamba kana misi. Eg:
- Kambani iyi yakavambwa naVaJames naDr Josephine mudzimai wavo yakashanda kubva muna 2025-20125.
- Hanzvadzi yangu yakatora chitima cheKano-Abuja nezuro manheru.
Em dash: Dashi iri rakati rebei pane En dash uye dzimwe nguva rinoshandiswa pachinzvimbo chemamwe makoma, makoroni, kana maparentheses. Heino muenzaniso:
- Mhinduro yake kumubvunzo wakabvunzwa nomudzidzisi yakanga yakajeka— Aiwa!
COLON (:)
Pane zviitiko zvitatu zvikuru apo makoroni anoshandiswa. Imwe yemamiriro ezvinhu ndeye patinoda kusuma chimwe chinhu, chakadai setsananguro, mashoko, muenzaniso, kana nhevedzano.
- Hanzvadzi yangu yakatora electives ina semester yekupedzisira: Kushambadzira, Computer programming, Nutrition uye Computer math.
Koroni inogonawo kushandiswa kubatanidza zvikamu zviviri zvakasiyana kana chikamu chechipiri chichijekesa kana kupedza chekutanga. Eg:
- Havana nguva yekutambisa: yanyanya kunonoka.
- Pakupedzisira, makoroni anogonawo kuratidza musoro wemutsara:
- Ndinovenga mudzidzisi mumwe chete pachikoro ichi: Mudzidzisi weMasvomhu.
ZVIBRAKETS([ ])
Mabhuraketi mamwe ezviratidzo zvepumikira kuChirungu ayo anonyanya kushandiswa pakujekesa zvinhu, pamatemu ehunyanzvi kana pakutsanangura zvinhu. Rinogonawo kushandiswa kujekesa nyaya paunenge uchitaura mumwe munhu kana kuti rugwaro. Eg:
- Iye [Mr. James] akabvuma kutora mukomana wacho kuti ave mumwe wake.
- Josephine anoti “[Zhizha] ndiyo nguva yandinofarira zvikuru pagore.”
BRACES({})
Kunze kwekunge iwe uchinyora masvomhu kana tekinoroji zvinyorwa, hazvigoneke iwe uchafanirwa kushandisa curly braces kazhinji. Nekudaro, zvichiri zvakanaka kuziva izvi kuti usazvishandise netsaona kwaunofanirwa kushandisa maparentheses. Isu tinoshandisa maBraces kazhinji kana tichinyora oparesheni:
- 7{8x+[63+9]}=xy
MABAKA (( ))
Maparentheses anoshandiswa kupa rumwe ruzivo kana ruzivo kana serondedzero.
Maparentheses dzimwe nguva anogona kutsiviwa nemakoma, uye mutsara ucharamba uchireva zvakafanana. Heino muenzaniso:
• Josephine (mudzimai waJames) anofarira kudya Chingwa.
APOSTROPHE (')
Apostrophe rinoshandiswa kutaridza kuti vara rimwe kana akawanda akasiiwa, zvakare kutaridza ane muridzi kana chidimbu. Iyo apostrophe inogona kushandiswa kuwedzera mavara madiki.
Pazasi takaratidza mimwe yemienzaniso umo maapostrofi anogona kushandiswa. Maererano ne Thesaurus.com, mashoko anoumbwa mumitsara achitsiva mamwe mabhii anonzi kupfupikiswa.
- Tave kurarama nekudya kaviri pazuva kwesvondo rapfuura, uye zvanga zvakaoma.
- Zvose zvasara Jane naMaria kuita kuroorana sezvo vaona kuti vakasikirwa mumwe nemumwe.
mhedziso
Zvino zvatakubatsira kuziva zvakawanda pamusoro pekuti 14 zviratidzo zvepumisikidzo chii uye kuti ungazvishandisa sei zvinobudirira paunenge uchinyora mitsara yako, zvichakubatsira kunyora zvinobudirira nguva inotevera yaunoedza kunyora.
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