Vadzidzi vakawanda vari kufunga nezveramangwana repasi redu. Vakawanda vari kutendeukira kusayenzi yezvakatipoteredza. Iyi ndima inoshandisa masvomhu nesainzi kudzidza hupenyu paPasi. Kana izvi zvichikufarira, basa muEnvironment Sayenzi rinogona kunge rakakunakira.
Nedhigirii resainzi yezvakatipoteredza, unogona kuwana mikana yakawanda yebasa. Iwe uchadzidza unyanzvi hunogona kutungamirira kumabasa anobhadhara zvakanaka. Aya mabasa anosanganisira tsvakiridzo yezvakatipoteredza, dzidzo, kuenderera mberi, uye kuchengetedza.
Kudzidza sainzi yezvakatipoteredza kunovhura magonhi kune akasiyana siyana. Iwe unogona kushanda muhutano hwezvakatipoteredza, fizikisi, kana chemistry. Pane zvakawanda zvingasarudzwa zvekuongorora.
Ndeapi Marudzi Ezvakatipoteredza Sayenzi
Environmental Science Environmental sainzi inyaya inotarisa kuti Nyika, mvura yaro, mweya, uye zvipenyu zvakabatana sei. Inotarisawo kuti vanhu vanokanganisa sei zvinhu izvi uye inoedza kutsvaga mhinduro kumatambudziko akaita sekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye kutsakatika kwezvirimwa nemhuka. Iye zvino, ngationgororei marudzi akasiyana-siyana esayenzi yezvakatipoteredza:
1. Ecology
Ecology ndeye mabatiro anoita zvinhu zvipenyu paPasi. Masayendisiti anonzvera ecology, anonzi ecologists, anoda kuziva kuti mhuka, vanhu, uye zvirimwa zvinotapurwa sei nekwazvinogara uyewo, kuti zvinotapura sei mhoteredzo yazvo. Zvakafanana nekufungidzira hukama huri pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana zvechisikigo.
Ecology haisi chinhu chimwe chete; isanganiswa yeminda yakawanda. Ecologists anoshandisa mazano uye nzira kubva ku biology, chemistry, physics, uye geology. Vanounza zvidimbu zvese izvi pamwechete kuti vanzwisise kuti zvipenyu nezvisiri zvipenyu zvepasi redu zvinoshanda pamwe chete.
Fungidzira iro sepikicha huru apo chinhu chose chipenyu nemhoteredzo yacho zviri zvidimbu zvinokwana pamwechete. Nekutarisa papuzzle iyi, ve ecologists vanogona kuona kuti shanduko muchikamu chimwe inobata sei zvimwe. Izvo zvinotibatsira kudzidza zvakawanda nezve inoshamisa webhu yekubatanidza inoita kuti nyika yedu inakidze.
2. Environmental Chemistry
Chemistry Chemukati ibazi resainzi rinoongorora kuti makemikari anoshanda sei nemvura, mhepo, ivhu, uye zvinhu zvipenyu. Inosanganisira sub-minda senge toxicology, mumhepo chemistry, uye mvura chemistry. Kana ukasarudza kudzidza chemistry yezvakatipoteredza, kosi yako inosanganisira makirasi uye akawanda emabasa emurabhoritari anotarisana nezvakawanda, zvemuviri, zvekuongorora, uye organic chemistry.
Mumashoko akareruka, chemistry yezvakatipoteredza inotibatsira kunzwisisa kuti zvinhu zvakasiyana zvinokanganisa sei zvakatipoteredza. Ingave mweya watinofema, mvura yatinonwa, kana ivhu rinotsigira hupenyu hwezvirimwa, kemisitiri yezvakatipoteredza inopa ruzivo rwehukama pakati pemakemikari nenyika.
Nekuferefeta kudyidzana uku, masayendisiti ari munharaunda iyi anobatsira mukutsvaga mhinduro dzenyaya dzezvakatipoteredza uye kuchengetedza nyika ine hutano. Saka, kana iwe uchida kuziva kuti makemikari anokanganisa sei nharaunda uye uchida kuita zvakanaka, kudzidza chemistry yezvakatipoteredza inogona kuve inonakidza uye yakakosha nzira kwauri.
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3. Atmospheric Science
MuAtmospheric Sayenzi, isu tinonyanya kutarisa nezve kudzidza shanduko yemamiriro ekunze nemhedzisiro yayo. Iyi ndima inosanganisira kuongorora mhepo yePasi uye kuti inodyidzana sei nemhoteredzo yakapoteredza. Muzvidzidzo zvako zvese, uchaona magadzirirwo emhando dzinoratidza kutenderera kwemhepo, kudyidzana kwayo nemakemikari akasiyana, uye nzira idzo mhuka nevanhu vanopa nacho mukuburitsa kabhoni dhaikisaidhi.
Ichi chirango chesainzi chinotibatsira kunzwisisa hukama hwakaoma pakati pemaitiro emuchadenga uye shanduko yepasirese, ichipa ruzivo rwakakosha pazvinhu zvinokanganisa mamiriro ekunze. Chidzidzo che Atmospheric Sayenzi haingoburitse zvakavanzika zvehamvuropu yemhepo yepasi redu chete asi inoburitsawo chiedza pamusoro pemabatiro anoita vanhu pakudzikama kwePasi, kunyanya maererano nekuburitswa kwecarbon dioxide mumhepo.
Nekudzidza iyi ndima, iwe unozowana ruzivo rwakakosha nezve dandemutande rekubatana rinoumba mamiriro ekunze edu uye rinopesvedzera kugara zvakanaka kwepasi redu.
4. Geoscience/Earth Science
Geoscience, inozivikanwawo sepasi sainzi, inounza pamwechete nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzesainzi dzinotarisa paPasi, senge sainzi yevhu yezvakatipoteredza uye geology. Iyi ndima inoongorora zvenyama uye zvemakemikari zvinhu zvePasi nemhepo yaro. Geoscience inoongorora zvikamu zvakasiyana, zvinosanganisira biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, uye mhepo.
Mumashoko akareruka, geoscience inodzidza zvese nezvepasi redu - kubva pasi tinofamba kuenda kumhepo yatinofema. Masayendisiti ari munyaya iyi anoongorora ivhu, matombo, mvura, uye mhepo kuti anzwisise kuti zvinopindirana uye zvinopesvedzerana sei. Vanoongorora zvakare mhando dzehupenyu dzakasiyana-siyana dzinogara paNyika.
Fungidzira geoscience sepikicha huru apo masayendisiti anounganidza pamwechete ruzivo kuti anzwisise mufananidzo wese wepasi redu. Nekudzidza zvikamu zvakabatana izvi, geoscientists vanowana nzwisiso mumaitiro anoumba Nyika nenharaunda yayo. Ruzivo urwu runotibatsira kunzwisisa zviri nani imba yedu uye kuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo kuichengetedza nekuichengetedza.
Zvikamu Zvishanu Zvinokosha Zvenzvimbo Yedu: Nyika Yakasiyana-siyana Zvikamu
Mhoteredzo yedu inoumbwa nezvikamu zvishanu zvikuru zvinoshanda pamwe chete kutsigira upenyu paNyika. Ngatinyatsoongororai imwe neimwe yadzo.
- Nyika yeMvura - Hydrosphere: Iyo hydrosphere inosanganisira mvura yese iri pa, pasi, kana pamusoro penyika. Izvi zvinosanganisira mvura yemvura, inofukidza 70% yePasi. Zvisinei, chikamu chiduku chete cheizvi imvura yakachena inowanikwa mumvura yepasi, madziva, uye nzizi.
- Solid Ground - Lithosphere: Inowanzozivikanwa seNyika yakasimba, lithosphere ndiyo yekunze iyo iyo vanhu vanodana kumba. Inotipa zviwanikwa zvakakosha semaminerari, chikafu, uye mafuta. Inosanganisira crust uye yekumusoro mantle, iyo inonyanya kukosha chikamu che lithosphere ivhu, uko zvinomera zvinokura uye zvipenyu zvepasi zvinotsamira pakurarama.
- Mhepo Yatinofema - Atmosphere: Muchadenga musanganiswa wemagasi akatenderedza Nyika, uchiita segumbeze rekudzivirira rakakosha kuti hupenyu huvepo. Kupfuura kutidzivirira kubva kune anokuvadza UV mwaranzi, inopa mweya watinofema, ichiiita chikamu chakakosha chehupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva.
- Nzvimbo yeHupenyu - Biosphere: Iyo biosphere ndiyo yakasarudzika zone paPasi umo hupenyu hunobudirira. Kubatana kwemhepo, mvura, uye ivhu kunopindirana kunoita kuti upenyu huvepo munzvimbo iyi shoma. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo biosphere inoita basa rakakosha mukusimudzira mwero wakapfava weecosystem yedu.
- Nzvimbo Dzakagadzirwa Nevanhu - Anthrosphere: Iyo inozivikanwawo se technosphere, iyo anthrosphere chikamu chePasi icho vanhu vakagadzira kana kuchinjwa kuti vagare uye zviitiko zvehupfumi. Kubva kumaguta kusvika kunzvimbo dzemaindasitiri, iyo anthroposphere inoratidza kudhindwa kwebudiriro yevanhu panyika.
Kukosha Kwezvidzidzo Zvezvakatipoteredza
Zvidzidzo zvezvakatipoteredza zvinoita basa rakakosha mune dzakasiyana siyana dzebudiriro. Nheyo dzayo dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoshanda munzvimbo dzakakosha, dzinosanganisira biodiversity uye ecosystem kuchengetedza, kudzivirira kusvibiswa uye manejimendi, uye manejimendi akasimba ezviwanikwa.
Munda wesainzi yezvakatipoteredza unopa mikana yebasa rakasiyana, zvichiita kuti ive nzvimbo yakakosha yekufunda kune avo vanofarira kuita zvakanaka. Tarisiro yebasa musainzi yezvakatipoteredza inosanganisira kubvunzana, maindasitiri, kushambadzira kwegirinhi, vadzidzi, maNGO, masangano epasirese, zvinzvimbo zvehurumende, uye kurudziro yegirinhi.
Nyanzvi dzesainzi yezvakatipoteredza dzinobatsira mukuchengetedzwa kwezvakasiyana-siyana uye zvipenyu, vanogadzira nzira dzekudzivirira nekudzora kusvibiswa, uye kushandira pakushandisa zvine hunyanzvi zviwanikwa. Hukuru hwesainzi yezvemamiriro ekunze hwakakura, zvichiratidza kukosha kwayo mukugadzirisa matambudziko epasi rose ane chekuita nemhoteredzo.
Vanhu vari kutsvaga basa resainzi yezvakatipoteredza vanogona kuongorora zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, kubva pakupa mazano mabhizinesi nezvemaitiro akasimba kusvika pakusimudzira kuziva kwezvakatipoteredza mumabasa ehurumende. Iyi ndima haingotarise chete nyaya dzazvino kwezvakatipoteredza asiwo inoita basa rakakosha mukugadzira ramangwana rakagadzikana uye rine hushamwari. Kunzwisisa kukosha kwezvidzidzo zvezvakatipoteredza kwakakosha kune vanhu vane chinangwa chekubatsira kune hutano hwepasi redu nevagari varo.
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Zvinangwa zveEnvironment Sayenzi Dzidzo
Munyika yanhasi, tinosangana nematambudziko akawanda sekuderera kwezviwanikwa uye kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Kupedza izvi zvinetso kunoda kuti munhu wose aite basa mukutarisira mhoteredzo, uye dzidzo inoita rutivi runokosha mukuwana ikoku. Zvinangwa zvezvidzidzo zvesainzi yezvakatipoteredza zvakakosha pakugadzirisa nyaya idzi nemazvo:
1. Kusimudzira Kuziva: Nhanho yekutanga kugadzirisa chero dambudziko kurinzwisisa. Sainzi yezvakatipoteredza ine chinangwa chekupa ruzivo pakati pevadzidzi pamusoro pezvinonetsa zvezvakatipoteredza uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokonzeresa kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza.
2. Kutamisa Ruzivo: Dzidzo ikodzero yakakosha, uye zvidzidzo zvesainzi yezvakatipoteredza zvine chinangwa chekupa vadzidzi ruzivo nezvezvakatipoteredza nezvikamu zvaro zvakasiyana.
3. Mafungiro Akanaka Anokurudzira: Zivo yoga haina kukwana; vanhu vanofanira kukurudzirwa kuita chiito. Sayenzi yezvakatipoteredza inoedza kuisa mafungiro akanaka muvanhu, ichivakurudzira kuti vatore chikamu mukuchengetedza zvisikwa.
4. Kuvandudza Unyanzvi: Sayenzi yezvakatipoteredza inotarisa pakushongedza vadzidzi nehunyanzvi hunoshanda, huchivagonesa kuwana mhinduro kumatambudziko aripo ezvakatipoteredza.
5. Kukurudzira Kutora Chikamu: Vadzidzi vanokurudzirwa kuti vatore chikamu muzviitwa zvinobatsira mukuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Chinangwa chekupedzisira ndechekubatanidza vanhu vazhinji mukuita sarudzo, zvichipa mhinduro dzinoshanda dzenyaya dzezvakatipoteredza.
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