Poyesera kukhazikitsa kusiyana pakati pa matabwa ndi nkhalango zomwe ziri zinthu zochepa zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa, koma tiyenera kuyamba ndi chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimasiyanitsa ziwirizi. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa matabwa ndi nkhalango ndiko kuchuluka kwa chivundikiro cha matabwa a mitengo yamitengo.
M’nkhalangoyi muli denga lambiri chifukwa nkhalangoyo ili ndi mitengo yambiri yomwe imakuta malo okulirapo pamene m’nkhalango mumaona mitengo yochuluka kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa nkhalango kukhala ndi denga lotseguka lomwe pamapeto pake limapereka mthunzi wocheperako komanso malo owuma.
Kuphatikiza apo, malingaliro awiriwa ndi osiyana malinga ndi chilengedwe ndipo ndi kwawo kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama zakuthengo.
Ngati tikufuna kukhala ndi chidziwitso chambiri cha kusiyana pakati pa nkhalango ndi nkhalango, zidzatibwezera ku Middle kapena zaka zamdima pamene nkhalango zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito kusaka achifumu.
Popanda kuchedwa, tikhala tikulowa munkhaniyi moyenera. Tidzakambirana mfundo ziwirizi mosiyana kuti tipereke kufotokoza koyenera kwa nkhalango ndi nkhalango.
Ndipo tidzasiyanitsa ziwirizi pogwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso choperekedwa ndi UN Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) ndi US National Vegetation Classification system.
Kodi Nkhalango N'chiyani?
Malinga ndi Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), nkhalango ndi malo okhala ndi mitengo yosachepera 5 metres. Kutanthauza kuti nkhalango iyenera kukhala ndi mitengo yopitilira 16 mapazi. Mitengoyi ikuyenera kuphimba malo osachepera mahekitala 0.5 ndipo ikhale yotchinga ndi denga yosachepera 10%.
M'nkhalango, muyenera kupezanso mitengo yaying'ono yomwe ili pafupifupi 5 metres kutalika komanso kupereka denga losachepera 10%.
Komanso, m’nkhalangoyi amadziwika kuti mumakhala nyama zamitundumitundu. Zina mwa zamoyo zomwe mungapeze m'nkhalango ndi mbalame, amphibians ndi zinyama.
Dziwani kuti nkhalango isaphatikizepo malo omwe akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito pa ulimi kapena ntchito zaulimi.
Malingana ndi US National Vegetation Classification system, nkhalango ndi malo omwe ali ndi mitengo yomwe imakhala ndi denga lotsekedwa - mitengoyi imakhala ndi msinkhu woposa mamita 6 ndipo imapereka chivundikiro cha 60% - 100%.
Mitundu ya Forest Biome
Nkhalango zimapangidwa kuchokera kumitengo yamitengo ndipo ndi:
Nkhalango Zotentha
Nkhalango zotentha zimakhala ndi nyengo zinayi zosiyana pa chaka, ndipo kutentha kwa nkhalango zamtunduwu kumasiyana nthawi ndi nyengo zosiyanasiyana za chaka.
Chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha nkhalango yotentha, mudzapeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama zomwe zimatha kuzolowera kutentha kosiyanasiyana m'nkhalango zamtunduwu. Zina mwa nyama zomwe mungapeze m'nkhalango zotentha zimaphatikizapo agwape, ma raccoon, mimbulu, agologolo ndi zimbalangondo zogona.
Nkhalango Zotentha
Nkhalango yotentha imakhala ndi kutentha kotentha, ndi chinyezi chochulukirapo. Nkhalango zamtunduwu zitha kupezeka m'malo omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi equator.
Umu ndi mtundu wa nkhalango komwe mumapezako nyama zowopsa ngati achule, jaguar, ndi gorilla. Izi zili choncho chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mvula m’madera amene kuli nkhalango za m’madera otentha. Nkhalango za m’madera otentha zimapatsa mitengo yokwanira komanso denga lokhuthala kuti pakhale malo amdima komanso otetezeka kuti nyama zomwe tazitchulazo zizikula bwino.
Nkhalango za Boreal
Izi ndi mitundu ya chisanu yomwe imazizira kwambiri. Siberia ndi Alaska ndi malo angapo komwe mungapezeko nkhalango ngati izi.
Nkhalango yamtunduwu imathandiza kwambiri kugwidwa kwa carbon. Kutentha kwake kumapangitsa kuti nyama monga mphalapala, mphalapala, akalulu a ku arctic, ndi zimbalangondo za polar zizikula bwino m’menemo.
Kodi Mtengo N'chiyani?
Malinga ndi bungwe la FAO, nthaka yokutidwa ndi mitengo ya mamita 5 ndi kupitilira apo yodutsa mahekitala 0.5 a nthaka yopereka denga la 5 – 10 peresenti amaonedwa kuti ndi nkhalango. Izi zikutanthauza kuti matabwa amapereka denga osapitirira 10% kapena idzatengedwa ngati nkhalango. Chophimba ichi chikhoza kuperekedwa ndi zitsamba, mitengo ndi tchire.
Malinga ndi chidziwitso chomwe chinaperekedwa ndi US National Vegetation Classification standards nkhalangoyi ili ndi denga lotseguka la pafupifupi 5 - 60 peresenti ya denga lophimba loperekedwa ndi kulamulira kwamitengo. Ngati chivundikiro cha dengacho chili pamwamba pa chiwerengero chomwe tatchulacho ndiye kuti chidzatengedwa ngati nkhalango.
Ku North America kuli mitengo yomwe inalipo chisanafike chaka cha 1600 amatchedwa "nkhalango zakale," pomwe ku UK amatchedwa "nkhalango zakale," zonse zimatengera komwe muli.
Anthu a ku Australia amaona mitengo yamitengo yokhala ndi denga loti ifike 10 - 30 peresenti ya nkhalango. Ali ndi matabwa aatali komanso otsika okhala ndi mitengo yopitilira 98 mapazi ndi mitengo pansi pa 30 mapazi motsatana.
Malinga ndi nkhani lofalitsidwa ndi SigBusiness.com, matabwa adzakhala ndi denga lotseguka pamene nkhalango zidzakhala ndi denga lotsekedwa - kupanga nkhalango kukhala malo abwino kwa nyama zomwe zimakhala pansi ndi nkhalango kukhala malo abwino kwa zinyama zomwe zimakhala makamaka pakati pa mitengo.
Siyani Mumakonda