Economics ndi gawo lalikulu lomwe limaphunzira momwe ndalama ndi zothandizira zimagwirira ntchito. Zimayang'ana momwe zinthu zinalili kale komanso momwe zilili tsopano, monga momwe anthu amafunira zinthu komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthuzo zomwe zilipo. Economists ndi omwe amaphunzira zonse ndikulingalira pankhaniyi.
Sangoyang’ana ndalama; amaphunziranso ntchito, malonda, ndi mmene mayiko amagulira ndi kugulitsa zinthu kwa wina ndi mnzake. Akatswiri azachuma amagwiritsa ntchito manambala ndi data kuti amvetsetse momwe chilichonse chimalumikizirana. Mwachitsanzo, angaone kuchuluka kwa ndalama zimene anthu amawononga pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana pa chaka kapena mmene mitengo imasinthira zinthu zikayamba kutchuka.
Akatswiri ena azachuma amagwira ntchito m’maboma, n’kumawathandiza kusankha zinthu pa nkhani ya misonkho kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama. Ena amagwira ntchito kumakampani akuluakulu, kupereka malangizo amomwe angachitire bwino pamsika. Economics ili ngati kuthetsa vuto lalikulu la momwe dziko limagwiritsira ntchito ndalama ndi chuma, ndipo akatswiri azachuma ndi omwe amagwirizanitsa zidutswazo.
Economists ndi Udindo Wawo Pagulu
Katswiri wazachuma ndi munthu amene amaphunzira kwambiri momwe chuma, katundu, ndi mautumiki amapangidwira, kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi kugawidwa m'deralo. Amagwira ntchito yokhudzana ndi zachuma, yomwe imayang'ana kumvetsetsa momwe magulu amayendetsera chuma chawo ndikusankha zomwe akufuna kupanga, momwe angapangire, ndi omwe azigwiritsa ntchito.
Akatswiriwa angapezeke akugwira ntchito m’malo osiyanasiyana monga m’maofesi a boma, m’mabizinesi, m’mabungwe osachita phindu, m’mabanki, m’mabungwe ofufuza, m’mayunivesite, ndi m’mayunivesite. Ku United States, akatswiri azachuma nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi maudindo m'mabungwe akuluakulu monga US Department of Labor kapena ake Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Ntchito zawo zikuphatikizapo kusanthula deta, kulosera za momwe chuma chidzakhalire, ndi kupereka uphungu wa ndondomeko zomwe zingathandize kusintha chuma. Mwachitsanzo, angaphunzire kuchuluka kwa ntchito, kukwera kwa mitengo, kapena njira zamalonda kuti amvetsetse momwe kusintha kwa maderawa kumakhudzira miyoyo ya anthu.
Akatswiri azachuma amatenga gawo lofunikira pakukonza mfundo zachuma zomwe zimakhudza anthu ndi mabizinesi, kuthandiza anthu kupanga zisankho zodziwika bwino pazachuma zawo kuti akhale ndi tsogolo labwino.
Maluso Ofunika Kwambiri kwa Akatswiri a Zachuma
Kugwira ntchito ngati katswiri wazachuma kumafuna maluso ndi ziyeneretso zinazake. Nazi zofunika zomwe muyenera:
- Maphunziro mu Economics: Kuyambira ndi digiri ya bachelor mu economics kumatsegula zitseko za maudindo olowa m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Komabe, kupita patsogolo pantchito imeneyi nthawi zambiri kumafuna zambiri. Maudindo apamwamba, makamaka pazofufuza kapena m'mabungwe otchuka ngati Federal Reserve, nthawi zambiri amafuna digiri ya masters, yokhala ndi Ph.D. kukhala kofunikira pakuphunzitsa kuyunivesite kapena kafukufuku wapamwamba kwambiri.
- Ntchito Yoyenera: Kukonzekera maphunziro anu kungakhudze kwambiri maphunziro anu ntchito njira. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukuyang'ana pazachuma, maphunziro osanthula deta, ziwerengero, kapena masamu amasamu ndiwofunika. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ma microeconomics kapena okonda ndalama za boma amapindula pofufuza mu sayansi ya chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi maphunziro a khalidwe laumunthu.
- Analytical Luso: Kuganiza mozama ndi msana wa ntchito ya economist. Kutha kusiyanitsa zomwe zikuchitika pazachuma, kuzindikira machitidwe, ndikupanga malingaliro okhudzana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zotsatira zake ndizofunikira.
- Kulankhulana Bwino: Kumasulira kusanthula zachuma zovuta m'zinenero zomveka ndikofunikira. Akatswiri azachuma nthawi zambiri amapereka zomwe apeza pakamwa kapena polemba malipoti. Luso lamphamvu lofotokozera komanso luso lolemba malipoti ndizofunikira. Kugwira ntchito ndi akatswiri osiyanasiyana monga owerengera, openda kafukufuku, ndi asayansi azamakhalidwe kumafunikira luso lapadera lolumikizana ndi anthu.
Kuti tichite bwino m'dziko losinthika lazachuma, kuphatikiza kwa ziyeneretso zamaphunziro, maphunziro apadera, luso losanthula, ndi luso loyankhulana lamphamvu ndizofunikira. Maluso oyambira awa amathandizira akatswiri azachuma kuti athe kuthana ndi zovuta za kusanthula kwachuma ndikuthandizira bwino magawo osiyanasiyana.
Kodi Economists Amatani?
Akatswiri azachuma ali ndi maudindo osiyanasiyana kutengera komwe amagwira ntchito komanso magawo awo apadera. Amapanga kafukufuku, amasonkhanitsa deta pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zachuma, ndikugwiritsa ntchito masamu kuti aphunzire nkhani monga ulova kapena kukwera kwa inflation. Kusanthula zochitika zakale ndi gawo lalikulu la ntchito yawonso. Amapanga malipoti ndi mafotokozedwe kuti agawane zomwe apeza pa kafukufuku wawo ndikudziwiratu zomwe zikuchitika pamsika.
Sikuti akatswiri azachuma amangopereka njira zothetsera mavuto azachuma, komanso amathandizira kupanga mfundo zothana ndi mavutowa. Amapereka zolemba zolemba zachuma zamaphunziro ngati The Economist, ndipo amalangiza maboma ndi mabizinesi pankhani zachuma. Ena amaphunzitsanso anthu nkhani zachuma.
Mwachitsanzo, katswiri wazachuma yemwe amagwira ntchito m'boma akhoza kusanthula deta kuti amvetsetse chifukwa chake ulova ukukwera. Akhoza kulangiza ndondomeko zopangira ntchito zambiri. Pakali pano, katswiri wa zachuma kubanki akhoza kulosera momwe chiwongoladzanja chidzasinthira m'tsogolomu.
Ntchito ya akatswiri azachuma imaphatikizapo manambala ndi kafukufuku wambiri, koma imafunikiranso kuti afotokoze zomwe apeza momveka bwino kwa omvera osiyanasiyana.
Kuwona Njira Zosiyanasiyana za Ntchito mu Economics
Akatswiri azachuma ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, iliyonse imayang'ana mbali zina zazachuma. Magawowa amathandiza akatswiri azachuma kuti akhazikitse kafukufuku wawo ndi luso lawo. Nazi madera asanu ndi anayi osiyana muzachuma:
- Zachuma: Gawoli limaphatikiza masamu ndi zachuma kuyesa kulumikizana kwachuma ndikufotokozera malingaliro kapena zomwe zikuchitika. Akatswiri azachuma amapanga zitsanzo pogwiritsa ntchito calculus, chiphunzitso chamasewera, ndi kusanthula kobwerera, kuthandiza kuthetsa maubwenzi ovuta azachuma.
- Zamalonda: Akatswiri azachuma amafufuza m'misika ndi mabungwe azachuma, kuwunika zoopsa, zoyikapo ndalama, ndi kusunga ndalama kuti amvetsetse ndikulosera momwe chuma chikuyendera.
- Mabungwe azogulitsa: Akatswiri m'derali amafufuza momwe makampani amagwirira ntchito limodzi ndikupikisana. Amawunika mosamala malamulo oletsa kudalirana omwe amalimbikitsa mpikisano wachilungamo ndi zotsatira zake pamisika.
- International Economics: Akatswiri azachumawa amayang'ana kwambiri mayiko angapo, kuphunzira misika yazachuma padziko lonse lapansi, malonda, mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi, mitengo yakusinthana, komanso momwe kudalirana kwapadziko lonse kumasinthira chuma chosiyanasiyana.
- Ntchito: Akatswiri azachuma pantchito amayang'ana kwambiri kuchuluka kwa anthu ogwira ntchito komanso kufunikira kwa ntchito zinazake. Amasanthula kuchuluka kwa ntchito, malipiro, ndi zotsatira za mfundo zantchito monga malamulo ochepera amalipiro ndi mabungwe.
- Macroeconomics: Kuyang'ana chuma cha dziko lonse kapena padziko lonse lapansi, akatswiri azachuma amaphunzira kukula kwachuma, kukwera kwa mitengo, mabizinesi, moyo wabwino, komanso ulova. Amafufuzanso momwe ndondomeko zandalama ndi ndalama zimakhudzira chuma chandalama komanso chiwongola dzanja.
- Microeconomics: Akatswiri azachuma awa amafufuza zisankho zapayekha komanso zolimba komanso zotsatira zake pazakudya ndi zofuna. Mwachitsanzo, angaphunzire momwe mtengo wazinthu umakhudzira kufunikira kwa ogula.
- Public Finance: Akatswiri azachuma pankhaniyi akuwunika momwe boma limagwirira ntchito pazachuma. Amaphunzira zotsatira za malamulo ndi ndondomeko monga kuchepetsa msonkho ndi mapulogalamu a zaumoyo ndikuwunika momwe kuchepa kwa bajeti kumakhudzira chuma.
- Mbiri Yazachuma: Akatswiriwa amasanthula zochitika zakale ndi mabungwe pogwiritsa ntchito malingaliro azachuma ndi ziwerengero. Amapanga zambiri kuti azitsatira zomwe zikuchitika m'madera kapena kuthandiza opanga mfundo omwe akufuna mbiri yakale.
Katswiri aliyense amapereka chidziwitso chapadera pamachitidwe azachuma, kupanga mfundo, ndikuwongolera zisankho m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Akatswiri azachuma amatenga gawo lofunikira pakumvetsetsa ndikuwongolera ukonde wovuta wazochitika zachuma zomwe zimayendetsa dziko lathu lapansi.
Siyani Mumakonda