Kodi Zitsanzo za Media Literacy ndi ziti? M'nthawi yamakono yomwe ikufotokozedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zoulutsira nkhani zatsopano, pomwe osunga zipata azidziwitso ndi osowa, kufunika kwa chidziwitso cha media kwakula kwambiri. Tsopano ndikofunikira kuti anthu kuyambira ophunzira mpaka akatswiri komanso atolankhani akhale ndi lusoli.
Kudziwa kulemba ndi kufalitsa nkhani kumaphatikizapo maluso osiyanasiyana, monga kutha kusiyanitsa magwero aukatswiri ndi omwe si akatswiri, kusanthula zomwe olemba amalemba, ndikuzindikira zolakwika zomveka zomwe amawagwiritsa ntchito ndi ma TV kuti apange mikangano yomwe ingawunikidwe.
Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo luso la munthu wodziwa kulemba ndi kufalitsa nkhani, talemba mndandanda wa zitsanzo 15 zosonyeza mmene zimagwiritsidwira ntchito, zomwe zafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane pansipa.
Kodi Media Literacy ndi Chiyani?
Kuwerenga kwapa media ndi luso lamitundumitundu lomwe limapatsa mphamvu anthu kuchita nawo, kuwunika, kuwongolera, komanso kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazofalitsa. Pachiyambi chake, kuwerenga kwa media kumalimbikitsa kuganiza mozama komanso kuzindikira mukakumana ndi zambiri pazofalitsa. Mawu oti "media" akuphatikizira njira zingapo zolumikizirana, monga intaneti, mafilimu, nyimbo, wailesi, wailesi yakanema, masewera apakanema, ndi zosindikizidwa.
Kuti munthu aziganiziridwa kuti ndi wodziwa kulemba ndi kufalitsa nkhani, munthu ayenera kukhala ndi luso lotha kumasulira mauthenga a pawayilesi, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kumvetsetsa zomwe zili mkati ndi njira yomwe amalankhulira. Kuphatikiza apo, luso lotha kuwerenga pazama TV limakhudzanso kuwunika momwe mauthengawa amakhudzira momwe munthu amamvera, malingaliro ake, ndi machitidwe ake. M'zaka za digito zomwe zikupita patsogolo mwachangu, ndikofunikiranso kuchita nawo zofalitsa nkhani mwanzeru komanso mwanzeru, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kupanga ndi kufalitsa zomwe zili mu media.
Kupitilira pa luso lofunikirali, anthu atha kupindula kwambiri pophunzira bwino pazama media. Chidziwitso chapamwamba choterechi chimakhudza osati kumvetsetsa momwe zoulutsira mawu zimapangidwira komanso kufalitsidwa komanso kuyang'ana zambiri zomwe zimapezeka pamapulatifomu osiyanasiyana. Kuwerenga kwa chidziwitso cha media kumakonzekeretsa anthu ndi zida zowunikira kukhulupirika, kukondera, ndi kulondola kwa magwero, zomwe zimawathandiza kupanga zisankho ndi zigamulo zomwe zili munyengo yodziwika ndi kusefukira kwa zidziwitso.
Nthawi zambiri, luso lotha kufalitsa nkhani ndi luso losiyanasiyana lomwe limapatsa mphamvu anthu kuti azitha kuyang'ana m'dziko lovuta lazankhani, kuwunika mozama mauthenga omwe amakumana nawo, komanso kuchita nawo chidwi ndi zofalitsa m'zaka za digito. Kudziwa zambiri zapa media kumatengera lusoli kupita pamlingo wina, kupangitsa anthu kukhala ozindikira komanso opanga zidziwitso m'magulu odziwa zambiri.
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Kodi Media and Information Literacy (MIL) ndi chiyani:
Media and Information Literacy (MIL) ndi njira yokwanira yopangira anthu luso losanthula ndikuwunika zomwe amakumana nazo. Malinga ndi tanthawuzo la UNESCO pazamaphunziro atolankhani ndi zidziwitso, cholinga chake chachikulu ndikupatsa mphamvu anthu kuti atenge nawo gawo mwachangu m'madera mwawo ndikuweruza mwachilungamo. Poganizira zovuta zomwe zikuchitika masiku ano, kukhala ndi luso lazofalitsa ndi mauthenga kwakhala kofunika kwambiri. Kaya ndikuzindikira kukhulupirika kwa komwe kumachokera nkhani kapena kuwunika zomwe zili, MIL imalimbikitsa kuganiza mozama posankha yemwe angakhulupirire komanso kukhulupirira.
Pitirizani kuwerenga pamene mukupeza zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri zophunzirira pa TV.
15 Zitsanzo za Kuwerenga ndi Kuwerenga kwa Media
Nazi zitsanzo 25 zosonyeza momwe mungayesere kudalirika kwa gwero lazofalitsa:
1. Kuyang'ana Kwamagwero Kutengera Nthawi Yake
- Pochita ndi zidziwitso zosafunikira nthawi, sankhani magwero omwe alipo.
- M'malo ophunzirira, mayunivesite nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa ophunzira kuti azigwiritsa ntchito zolemba zomwe zasindikizidwa m'zaka khumi zapitazi.
- Kwa magwero akale, lingalirani za mareferensi ndi zida zatsopano kuti mutsimikizire kuti chidziwitsocho chimakhala cholondola.
- Kumbukirani kuti mitu ina yobiriwira nthawi zonse, ikakulirapo, imatha kukhalabe yofunikira.
- Nthawi zonse kumbukirani kuti kutsitsimuka kwa gwero kokha sikutsimikizira kulondola kwake.
2. Kuyang'ana Magwero a Seminal (Kufunika)
Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zofunika kwambiri zowerengera zapa media ndikufufuza magwero a seminal. Ngakhale magwero ena atha kukalamba pakapita nthawi, amatha kukhalabe ndi phindu lalikulu. Taganizirani, mwachitsanzo, kuzama m'malemba oyambira ngati omwe adalembedwa ndi anthanthi kapena malemba achipembedzo monga Baibulo; classics izi zikhoza kukhala zogwirizana.
Kumbali inayi, magwero amasiku ano amatha kupereka malingaliro aposachedwa komanso kusanthula kwachikhalidwe kwazinthu zamtunduwu.
3. Kuzindikira Madeti Osintha Ndalama (Zatsopano)
Powunika mtundu wa ndalama za mawu, m'pofunika kuganizira osati tsiku lake losindikizidwa komanso ngati lasinthidwa posachedwa. Ngakhale kuti lembalo ndi lachikale kwambiri, ngati lasinthidwa posachedwapa, lingakhalebe ndi mfundo zaposachedwa, kuphatikizapo mfundo zaposachedwapa ndiponso kusanthula. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pazidziwitso zomwe zikusintha nthawi zonse, pomwe kulondola komanso kusungitsa nthawi ndikofunikira.
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4. Kuzindikiritsa Omvera Amene Akufuna Kuwunika Zofunikira
Mukawunika kuyenerera kwa gwero la kafukufuku wanu kapena zomwe mukufuna kudziwa, ndikofunikira kuganizira anthu omwe akufuna kukhala nawo. Ngakhale gwero likhoza kufotokoza zomwe mumakonda, zitha kupangidwira anthu ena, monga ana kapena kagawo kakang'ono ka anthu. Zikatero, zomwe zaperekedwa sizingakhale zogwirizana ndi kafukufuku kapena zolinga zanu.
5. Kumvetsetsa Kufunika kwa Context
Nkhani ndiyofunikira powunika kufunikira kwa chidziwitso. Zomwe poyamba zingawoneke kuti n'zabwino zimatha kutaya kufunikira kwake mwamsanga zikaunikiridwa m'nkhani ya chithunzi chachikulu. Mwachitsanzo, talingalirani za chiŵerengero cha zisudzulo; zitha kuwoneka zofunikira mpaka mutazindikira kuti zikukhudzana ndi zisudzulo ku Indonesia, mukukhala ku Brazil. Kusiyanitsa kotereku kungapangitse kuti ziwerengerozi zisakhale zogwirizana ndi zochitika zanu zenizeni.
Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kutsimikizira zomwe zafotokozedwazo. Izi sizikugwira ntchito ku ziwerengero zokha komanso ku maumboni ndi maumboni. Zolemba, makamaka, zitha kusokeretsa ngati zichotsedwa kuzinthu zawo zoyambirira. Kuti titsimikizire kumvetsetsa bwino nkhaniyo, ndikofunikira kupereka nkhani pogwira mawu, kupewa kutanthauzira molakwika kapena kupotoza mwadala uthenga womwe ukufunidwa. Potero, timalimbikitsa kugawana zambiri molondola komanso momveka bwino.
6. Kuwunika Mitundu Yakuchokera - Pulayimale vs. Sekondale (Kufunika)
Kudziwa mtundu wa gwero, kaya ndi pulayimale kapena yachiwiri, kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwunika mphamvu ndi kudalirika kwake. Kawirikawiri, magwero oyambirira amakhala ndi ulamuliro waukulu poyerekeza ndi magwero achiwiri. Chifukwa cha izi ndi kuyandikira kwawo ku chidziwitso choyambirira kapena chochitika. Pamene tikuyenda kutali ndi gwero loyamba, kulondola ndi kudalirika kwa chidziwitso kumachepa.
Magwero oyambira amalumikizana mwachindunji ndi nkhani yomwe amakambirana. Ndizinthu zopangira kafukufuku kapena utolankhani, monga zolembedwa zoyambirira, nkhani zodziwonera nokha, ndi malipoti a mboni zowona ndi maso. Magwerowa amapereka malingaliro osasefedwa, odziwona okha pazochitika kapena mutu, kuwapangitsa kukhala ovomerezeka kwambiri.
Kumbali ina, magwero achiwiri ndi kutanthauzira kapena kusanthula kwa magwero oyambira. Izi zingaphatikizepo zolemba, mabuku, kapena malipoti ofotokozera mwachidule, kusanthula, kapena kupereka nkhani ku mfundo zoyambirira. Ngakhale magwero achiwiri atha kukhala ofunikira pakumvetsetsa mitu yovuta, mwachilengedwe ndi gawo limodzi lochotsedwa kuzinthu zoyambira, zomwe zingachepetse ulamuliro wawo ndi kudalirika.
7. Kuyang'ana Zovomerezeka za Wolemba (Authority)
Kuwunika zomwe wolembayo ali nazo ndi chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zofunika kwambiri pakuwerenga ndi kufalitsa nkhani komanso gawo lina lofunikira pakuwunika kwa gwero, makamaka pozindikira mphamvu za gwero. Ziyeneretso za wolemba komanso mbiri yake yaukadaulo zitha kukhudza kwambiri kudalirika kwa zomwe zaperekedwa. Nazi zina zofunika kuziganizira:
- Atolankhani: Atolankhani, makamaka omwe amalembedwa ntchito ndi mabungwe odziwika bwino atolankhani, akuyembekezeka kutsata mfundo zokhwima za utolankhani. Miyezo iyi ikuphatikiza kuwunika zowona, kupereka malipoti mosakondera, komanso kuwonekera pofufuza. Mtolankhani yemwe ali ndi mbiri yabwino komanso yolondola amatha kutulutsa zovomerezeka.
- Ophunzira: Olemba maphunziro amaphunzitsidwa kuti azitsatira mosamalitsa miyezo ndi njira zofufuzira. Akuyembekezeka kupereka zidziwitso zofufuzidwa bwino, zozikidwa pa umboni pa ntchito yawo. Ziyeneretso, monga madigiri a maphunziro, mayanjano ndi mabungwe olemekezeka, ndi mbiri ya zofalitsidwa zowunikidwa ndi anzawo, zimawonjezera mphamvu zawo monga olemba.
- Zochitika Pamwambo: Olemba omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chaumwini kapena kutenga nawo mbali mwachindunji pamutuwu akhoza kuonedwa kuti ndi ovomerezeka. Kutenga nawo gawo kwawo kungapereke zidziwitso zapadera ndi ukatswiri womwe umawonjezera kuya ndi kudalirika pantchito yawo.
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8. Kuwunika Katswiri Wovomerezeka (Ulamuliro)
- Poganizira za kukhulupirika kwa wolemba, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana ngati ali ndi ziyeneretso zoyenera pazomwe akukambirana, chifukwa izi zitha kukulitsa kukhulupirika kwawo.
- Munthu angakhaledi katswiri, koma ukatswiri wawo uyenera kugwirizana ndi nkhaniyo. Mwachitsanzo, kukhala ndi PhD mu Maphunziro sikuyenereza kuti munthu alembe movomerezeka pamitu yamachemistry.
- Ngakhale kuti kudandaula kwa akuluakulu nthawi zina kumalimbikitsa mfundo zabodza (zomwe zimatchedwa kuti kudandaula kwachinyengo chaulamuliro), ndikofunikira kukhalabe ndi malingaliro otsutsa, ngakhale mukuchita ndi olemba odziwika kapena maumboni ochokera kwa akatswiri pantchitoyo.
9. Kuwunika Ulamuliro wa Ofalitsa
Poyesa mphamvu ya gwero, ndikofunikira kuganizira mbiri ndi kudalirika kwa wosindikizayo. Ulamuliro ukhoza kukhazikitsidwa mwa njira zosiyanasiyana, monga khalidwe ndi ulemu wa wosindikiza. Nazi zinthu ziwiri zofunika kuzikumbukira:
- Ofalitsa Abwino ndi Olemekezeka: Njira imodzi yodziwira mphamvu ya gwero ndiyo kuyang’ana wofalitsayo. Mwachitsanzo, tsamba lawebusayiti lomwe limawonetsa momveka bwino mfundo zofotokozera bwino lomwe lingakhale lovomerezeka kuposa blog yamunthu. Ofalitsa olemekezeka nthawi zambiri amakhazikitsa miyezo yolondola, yofufuza zenizeni, ndi utolankhani wamakhalidwe abwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale odalirika.
- Domain Extensions Nkhani: Chizindikiro china chaulamuliro chimapezeka pakukulitsa kwa ulalo watsamba lawebusayiti. Mwachitsanzo, mayunivesite okhala ndi madera a .edu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zolemetsa zambiri potengera kukhulupirika poyerekeza ndi masamba omwe ali ndi madera a .com. Izi zili choncho chifukwa mabungwe a maphunziro ali ndi mfundo zokhwima zamaphunziro ndipo amatengedwa ngati magwero odalirika a kafukufuku ndi chidziwitso.
10. Yang'anani Alonda (Authority)
Zikafika pakufalitsa zomwe zili, alonda apachipata amakhala ngati maulamuliro ofunikira omwe ali ndi udindo wosunga miyezo yabwino komanso yolondola. Mwachizoloŵezi, alonda a pakhomowa amaphatikizapo olemba, owunikira anzawo mosamala, ndi nyumba zosindikizira zatcheru. Ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikuchita ngati alonda, kuyang'anitsitsa zomwe zili mkati kuti aletse kufalitsa uthenga wotsika kapena wolakwika.
Komabe, m'mawonekedwe a digito omwe akusintha nthawi zonse, nsanja monga Twitter ndi mabulogu zimagwira ntchito popanda alonda achikhalidwe. Ngakhale kuti izi zimalimbikitsa kulankhulana momasuka ndikukhazikitsa demokalase kulenga zinthu, zimabweretsanso nkhawa zokhudzana ndi kudalirika kwa zomwe zimagawidwa. Popanda alonda, kuopsa kwa nkhani zabodza, nkhani zokondera, ndi zonena zosatsimikizirika zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira osayankhidwa zimawonekera kwambiri, zomwe zikuwonetsa kufunikira kwa ogula ozindikira poyendetsa zinthu zambiri zapaintaneti.
11. Kutsimikizira kudzera mu Ndemanga za Anzanu (Kukhazikitsa Kukhulupilika)
Kuunikira anzawo ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yomwe munthu wodziwika bwino amaunika mosamalitsa ndikuwunika zomwe zili. Kuwunika mozama kumeneku kumatsimikizira kudalirika kwa zomwe zili mkati komanso mtundu wake. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, ndemanga zosawona kawiri, zochitidwa ndi akatswiri osadziwika omwe sadziwa kuti mlembi wake ndi ndani, zimayimira pachimake cha chitsimikizo chaubwino m'magwero amaphunziro. Kuwunika kopanda tsankho kotereku kumapereka miyezo yapamwamba kwambiri yodalirika komanso yopanda tsankho, zomwe zimalimbitsa kukhulupirika kwa chidziwitso cha akatswiri.
12. Kutsimikizira Kuwona Kwazithunzi (Kuwona Kudalirika)
Poyesa kukhulupilika kwa zomwe zili, makamaka ngati chidziwitso chaumwini chili chofunikira, kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zoyambirira kumakhala kofunika kwambiri. Zithunzi izi, zojambulidwa ndi omwe akupanga okha, zimanyamula zolemera zowona. Mwachitsanzo, pakuwunika kwazinthu, kuphatikiza zithunzi zomwe zikuwonetsa wowunikirayo akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa sikungowonjezera kukhulupilika kwa ndemangayo komanso kumapereka umboni wowonekera wa zomwe adakumana nazo mwachindunji. Kudalira zithunzi za katundu kapena zithunzi za anthu ena kungachepetse kukhulupirika kwa zomwe zili.
13. Kuwunikanso Mndandanda wa Zolozera Zolondola ndi Zodalirika
Kutchula zoyambira ndi chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zofunika kwambiri zophunzirira pawailesi yakanema, chifukwa kumathandizira kwambiri kuti owerenga atsimikizire kuti zomwe zalembedwazo ndi zolondola pomwe akulimbikitsa kuwonekera poyera pantchito zaukatswiri. Ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti magwero omwe atchulidwa sanatchulidwe moyenera komanso amachokera ku zodziwika bwino, zoyambira kapena zolemba zamaphunziro. Tikatero, timakulitsa kudalirika kwa maumboni athu, kulimbitsa chikhulupiriro cha ntchito yathu.
Kudalira magwero olemekezeka kumalimbitsa maziko a kafukufuku wathu kapena mfundo, kuzipangitsa kukhala zamphamvu ndi zodalirika. Chifukwa chake, kusamala kwambiri za mtundu ndi chiyambi cha maumboni ndikofunikira kwambiri pakusunga kukhulupirika kwa maphunziro kapena chidziwitso.
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14. Kuyang'ana Kulondola kwa Umboni Wotchulidwa:
Poyesa kudalirika kwa chidziwitso, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana mawu omwe aperekedwa, omwe angaphatikizepo deta ndi mawu omwe atengedwa. Zolemba izi zimakhala ngati njira yotsimikizira kulondola kwa zomwe zaperekedwa. Umboni wotchulidwa bwino sumangopereka chidziwitso ku chidziwitso komanso umalola owerenga kuti afufuze magwero, kulimbikitsa kuwonekera komanso kukhulupirira zomwe zikuperekedwa. Mchitidwewu ndi wofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti zomwe zili mkati ndi zolondola komanso zowona.
15. Tengani Kanthawi Kuganizira Zosankha Zaumwini ndi Kufunika Kolondola:
Kuti mukhale ndi malingaliro ozungulira bwino, ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa magwero anu owerengera. Chenjerani ndi kukondera kotsimikizira, msampha wachidziwitso pomwe munthu amangodya zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zikhulupiriro zomwe zidalipo kale. Mwa kufunafuna zambiri kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana, sikuti mumangowonjezera kumvetsetsa kwanu komanso mumachepetsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi malingaliro okondera potengera malingaliro otsimikizira. Khalani ndi malingaliro otseguka kudzera m'mawerengedwe osiyanasiyana kuti mukwaniritse zolondola pakumvetsetsa kwanu zadziko.
Kutsiliza
M'nthawi yamakono ya digito, luso lazolemba pa TV lakhala luso lofunika kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kuti musamayendere osati zofalitsa zachikhalidwe monga manyuzipepala komanso malo akulu amasamba atsopano ndi ochezera. Kaya munthu akugwiritsa ntchito zambiri kuchokera kumalo ofalitsa nkhani odziwika bwino, bulogu yanu, kanema wa YouTube, kapena mawu osavuta, kutha kuwunika mozama ndikutanthauzira zomwe zili pawailesi ndizofunikira kwambiri ndipo cholinga chazitsanzo zamaphunziro azama TV zomwe zawonetsedwa m'nkhaniyi ndikuthandiza. inu mumachita izo.
Kuwerenga kwa media kumapereka mphamvu kwa anthu kuti azitha kuzindikira pakati pa magwero odalirika ndi zabodza, kuzindikira kukondera, ndikumvetsetsa zomwe zingakhudzidwe ndi zofalitsa pagulu. M'dziko lomwe likulumikizana kwambiri, kulimbikitsa luso lodziwa kulemba ndi kufalitsa nkhani ndikofunikira kuti munthu akhale nzika yozindikira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino chidziwitso.
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