Pakuyesa kwa sayansi, pali zinthu ziwiri zofunika zomwe zimatchedwa zodziyimira pawokha komanso zodalira. M'nkhaniyi, tiwona zomwe zodziyimira pawokha komanso zodalira, kuphatikiza mitundu ndi zitsanzo.
Kusintha kodziyimira pawokha ndizomwe asayansi amasintha kapena kuwongolera pakuyesa. Amachita izi kuti awone zomwe zimachitika pakusintha kodalira.
Kusintha kodalira ndi chinthu chomwe asayansi akuyesa ndikuyesa pakuyesa. Zimatengera zomwe asayansi amachita ndi kusintha kodziyimira pawokha. Asayansi akasintha mtundu wodziyimira pawokha, amawona ndikulemba zomwe zimachitika kumitundu yodalira.
Chifukwa chake, m'mawu osavuta, kusinthika kodziyimira pawokha ndi komwe kumasinthidwa, ndipo kusinthika kodalira ndi komwe kumawonetsa zotsatira za kusinthako. Asayansi amayang'ana momwe kusintha kodalira kumachitira akamachita zinthu mosiyanasiyana.
Kodi Independent Variable ndi chiyani?
Kusintha kodziyimira pawokha ndi chinthu chomwe asayansi amasintha dala pakuyesa kuti awone zomwe zimachitika. Zili ngati chosinthira chomwe amayatsa kapena kuzimitsa kuti awone zotsatira zake. Asayansi nthawi zina amatha kuyika kusinthaku kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana kuti aphunzire zambiri za izo. Koma, nthawi zina, sangathe kuzilamulira mwachindunji, komabe amawona momwe zimakhudzira zotsatira za kuyesa.
Asayansi atha kugwiritsa ntchito mawu osiyanasiyana polankhula zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, akachita chinthu chotchedwa linear regression, amatha kutcha zosintha zodziyimira pawokha "zosintha zakumanja" chifukwa zimawonekera kumanja kwa tchati. Akhozanso kuwatcha zosintha zamtsogolo chifukwa zimathandiza asayansi kulosera zomwe zidzachitike pakuyesa.
Dzina lina ndi mitundu yofotokozera chifukwa imathandiza kufotokoza zotsatira zomaliza. Chifukwa chake, kusinthika kodziyimira pawokha kuli ngati chinthu chofunikira chomwe asayansi amasintha kapena kuwona kuti amvetsetse momwe zimakhudzira kuyesa.
Mitundu Iwiri Yamitundu Yodziyimira Payokha
- Zosintha zamayesero: Izi zimadziwikanso ngati zosinthika zoyendetsedwa chifukwa ochita kafukufuku amatha kuzisintha kapena kuziwongolera panthawi yoyesera kuti awone momwe zimakhudzira zotsatira. Mwachitsanzo, ngati asayansi akufuna kuyesa momwe kuwala kwadzuwa kumakhudzira kukula kwa zomera, akhoza kusintha kuchuluka kwa kuwala kwa dzuwa komwe zomera zimalandira.
- Zosintha pamutu: Mosiyana ndi zoyeserera zoyeserera, ofufuza sangathe kuwongolera zosintha zamaphunziro. Ngakhale zili choncho, akadali ofunikira pakuyesa chifukwa amatha kuyankha mafunso ofufuza. Mwachitsanzo, ngati ofufuza akuphunzira mayeso ovomerezeka a ophunzira aku sekondale ochokera kumadera osiyanasiyana, sangathe kuwongolera kapena kusintha madera omwe wophunzira aliyense amachokera. Komabe, angagwiritsebe ntchito kusiyana kwa chigawocho kuti agawane ophunzira kumayambiriro kwa maphunziro awo.
Zitsanzo za Zosintha Zodziimira
Tiyeni tiwone zitsanzo zina kuti timvetsetse zosintha zodziyimira bwino.
Choyamba, lingalirani asayansi ali ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa momwe kuchuluka kwa feteleza kumakhudzira kukula kwa mbewu. Mu kafukufuku, aganiza zopereka feteleza wosiyanasiyana ku zomera zosiyanasiyana. Kuchuluka kwa feteleza woperekedwa ku chomera chilichonse ndikosiyana. Kusintha uku ndi chinthu chomwe asayansi angasinthe dala. Amafuna kuona mmene zingakhudzire kukula kwa mbewu iliyonse. Kukula kwa zomera ndi zotsatira, kapena kudalira kusintha chifukwa zimadalira kuchuluka kwa fetereza.
Tsopano, tiyeni tikambirane za kafukufuku wa masamu. Ochita kafukufuku ali ndi chidwi choyerekeza ophunzira ambiri omwe adalemba algebra ya honours ndi omwe adalemba algebra wamba. Zosankha za ophunzira za makalasi ndizosiyana paphunziroli. Ofufuzawo sangathe kuwongolera kapena kusintha kalasi yomwe wophunzira aliyense wasankha. Komabe, amathabe kuphunzira ngati kusankha kwa kalasi kumayambitsa kusiyana kulikonse pamayeso ovomerezeka a ophunzira. Pachifukwa ichi, mayeso ovomerezeka amasiyana ndi omwe amadalira chifukwa amadalira zosankha za ophunzira.
Kotero, mu zitsanzo zonsezi, asayansi akuyang'ana momwe chinthu chimodzi angachilamulire (kusiyana kodziimira) kungabweretse kusintha kwa chinthu china chomwe akuwona (kusiyana kodalira). Izi zimawathandiza kumvetsetsa maubwenzi ndi machitidwe mu dziko la sayansi.
Kodi Mtundu Wodalira Ndi Chiyani?
Kusintha kodalira ndi chinthu chomwe chimasintha mukasintha chinthu china chotchedwa kusinthika kodziyimira pawokha pakuyesa kwasayansi. Anthu ena amachitchanso "kusintha kwa zotsatira" kapena "kusintha kwamayankhidwe" chifukwa zimatengera zomwe zimachitika pakusintha kodziyimira pawokha.
Asayansi akamayesa, amatsatira lamulo lotchedwa njira ya sayansi. Lamulo limodzi lofunika ndikungosintha chinthu chimodzi panthawi yoyesera. Zina zonse zikhale chimodzimodzi. Izi zimathandiza asayansi kuona momwe kusintha kwa chinthu chimodzi, kusinthasintha kodziyimira pawokha, kumakhudzira zinthu zina, monga kusinthika kodalira.
Asayansi samawongolera mwachindunji kapena kusintha kusintha komwe kumadalira. M'malo mwake, amasintha kusintha kodziyimira pawokha ndikuwona zomwe zimachitika pakusintha kodalira. Zili ngati ubale woyambitsa-ndi-zotsatira. Asayansi amayembekeza kuti kusinthika kodalira kukwera kapena kutsika kutengera zomwe amachita pakusintha kodziyimira pawokha.
Chifukwa chake, m'mawu osavuta, kusinthika kodalira ndi chinthu chomwe chimasintha chifukwa cha zomwe mumachita ku chinthu china pakuyesa kwasayansi. Asayansi akufuna kuwona momwe zinthu zimagwirizanirana komanso momwe chinthu chimodzi chingasinthire china.
Zitsanzo za Zosintha Zodalira
Tiyeni tifufuze zosinthika zomwe zimadalira m'mawu osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo ziwiri zenizeni:
- Phunziro la Kukula kwa Zomera: Tangoganizani kuti tikuchita zoyeserera kuti tiwone momwe kuchuluka kwa feteleza kumakhudzira kukula kwa mbewu. Kusintha kodziyimira pawokha, chinthu chomwe timasintha dala, ndi kuchuluka kwa feteleza woperekedwa ku chomera chilichonse. Tsopano, kusinthika kodalira ndi komwe timayezera ndikuwona - apa, ndikomwe kakulidwe ka mbewu iliyonse. Ngati tisunga china chilichonse mofanana, monga kuchuluka kwa madzi, kukula kwa chidebe, kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndi nthawi ya kukula, tinganene momveka kuti kukula kwa mbewu kumakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi kusintha kodziyimira pawokha, komwe ndi fetereza.
- Kusanthula Mayeso a Masamu: Tiyerekeze kuti tili ndi chidwi ndi momwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makalasi a algebra imakhudzira masukulu ovomerezeka a ophunzira. Zosintha zodziyimira pawokha pano ndi momwe ophunzira amaphunzirira - kaya adaphunzira kalasi ya algebra kapena kalasi ya honors algebra. Kusiyanasiyana kodalira, kumbali ina, ndizomwe ophunzira amapeza pamayeso ovomerezeka. Ife, monga ochita kafukufuku, sitingathe kuwongolera kapena kusintha ziwerengero za mayesowa; titha kungoyang'ana ndikufananiza pambuyo posankha magulu a ophunzira omwe ali ndi maphunziro osiyanasiyana.
M'zitsanzo zonsezi, kusinthika kodalira ndizomwe timayang'ana ndikuyesa, ndipo kumasintha kutengera mtundu wodziyimira pawokha womwe timawongolera mwadala. Zimatithandiza kumvetsetsa ubale woyambitsa ndi zotsatirapo pakati pa zosintha zomwe timapanga ndi zotsatira zomwe timawona.
Zosintha Zodziyimira pawokha komanso Zodalira Zitsanzo
Pazofufuza za sayansi, pali zinthu zomwe asayansi amawongolera komanso zomwe amawona. Tiyeni tidutse ndi zitsanzo.
Chitsanzo 1: Manjenje ndi Kuwala
Tangoganizani wasayansi akuphunzira njenjete ndi kuwala. Amafuna kudziwa ngati kuwala kwa kuwala kumakhudza momwe njenjete zimakopeka nako. Wasayansi amasintha kuwala kwa kuwala (kusiyana kodziimira) ndikuwona momwe njenjete zimachitira (zosiyana zodalira).
Chitsanzo 2: Chakudya cham'mawa ndi Mayeso
Tsopano, ganizirani za ophunzira ndi kadzutsa. Wina amadabwa ngati kudya chakudya cham'mawa kumapangitsa kusiyana kwa mayeso. Woyesera amawongolera chakudya cham'mawa (zosintha zodziyimira pawokha) ndikuwona momwe mayeso amasinthira (zosinthika zodalira). Ngakhale palibe kugwirizana pakati pa chakudya cham'mawa ndi zambiri, zotsatira za mayeso zimadalirabe chakudya cham'mawa.
Chitsanzo 3: Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo ndi Kuthamanga kwa Magazi
Pakuyesa kwina, wasayansi amafufuza ngati mankhwala amodzi amatha kuwongolera kuthamanga kwa magazi kuposa wina. Mtundu wa mankhwalawo ndi wodziyimira pawokha, ndipo kusinthika kodalira ndiko kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa wodwalayo. Kuti kuyesako kukhale kolondola, kusintha kosinthika (malo a placebo opanda zosakaniza zogwira ntchito) kumawonjezeredwa. Izi zimathandiza kudziwa ngati mankhwala aliwonse amakhudzadi kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Zosiyanasiyana Zodziyimira pawokha komanso Zodalira pa Kafukufuku
Pofufuza, nthawi zambiri timagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yodziyimira payokha komanso yodalira, makamaka m'maphunziro oyesera komanso oyeserera. Tiyeni tiwone zitsanzo za mafunso ofufuza ndi mitundu yofananira yodziyimira payokha komanso yodalira.
- Ndi Kuwala Kotani Kwabwino Kwambiri Pakukula Kwa Tomato?
- Kusiyanasiyana kodziyimira pawokha: Mtundu wa kuwala komwe mbewu ya phwetekere imamera pansi
- Mtundu wodalira: Mlingo wa kukula kwa phwetekere
- Kodi Kusala Kwapang'onopang'ono Kumakhudza Bwanji Shuga Wamagazi?
- Kusintha kodziyimira pawokha: Kukhalapo kapena kusadya kwapakatikati
- Kusintha kodalira: Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi
- Kodi Chamba Chachipatala Chingachepetse Ululu Wosatha?
- Kusintha kodziyimira pawokha: Kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa chamba chachipatala
- Zosiyanasiyana zodalira: Kuchulukana komanso kuchuluka kwa zowawa
- Kodi Ntchito Yakutali Imakhudza Kukhutitsidwa kwa Ntchito?
- Kusintha kodziyimira pawokha: Mtundu wa malo antchito (kutali kapena muofesi)
- Kusintha kodalira: Kudziwonetsa wokhutitsidwa ndi ntchito
Pochita ndi deta yoyesera, kusanthula kumaphatikizapo kupanga ziwerengero zofotokozera ndikuwona zotsatira. Kusankhidwa kwa mayeso owerengera kumatengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mulingo wa kuyeza, ndi kuchuluka kwa magawo odziyimira pawokha.
Kawirikawiri, mayesero or ANOVAs amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusanthula deta ndikuyankha mafunso ofufuza. Mayeserowa amathandizira kujambula ziganizo ndikumvetsetsa maubwenzi pakati pa mitundu yodziyimira payokha ndi yodalira.
Phunzirani Kusiyanitsa Mitundu Yodziyimira Payokha komanso Yodalira
Kuti musiyanitse pakati pa mitundu yodziyimira payokha komanso yodalira, tsatirani malangizo osavuta awa:
- Kusinthidwa kapena Kuwonedwa: Choyamba, ganizirani ngati kusinthaku kungasinthidwe kapena kusankhidwa ndi ochita kafukufuku (ogwiritsidwa ntchito) kapena ngati kumangoyang'anitsitsa ndikuyesedwa panthawi yoyesera (kuwonedwa). Zosintha zomwe ofufuza amayang'anira nthawi zonse zimakhala zodziyimira pawokha. Zosintha zomwe zimawonedwa ndikujambulidwa zimatengera. Ngakhale ochita kafukufuku sangathe kuwongolera zosintha zamaphunziro, amawonedwa ngati odziyimira pawokha chifukwa amakhudza mitundu yodalira.
- Kujambula: Ingoganizirani kukonza zosintha pa graph yokhala ndi XY yolumikizira ndege. Zosintha zodziyimira pawokha, zomwe mungasinthe, nthawi zambiri zimapita pa X-axis (yopingasa). Zosintha zodalira, zotsatira zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi kusinthako, pitani pa Y-axis (yoyimirira).
- Mtundu Wachitatu - Zosintha Zosokoneza: Nthawi zina pamakhala mtundu wachitatu wosinthika womwe sudziyimira pawokha kapena wodalira koma ukhoza kusokoneza zotsatira zake - izi zimatchedwa zosokoneza. Amakhudza kuyesera m'njira zomwe ofufuza sangayembekezere, monga zosintha zosayembekezereka. Kusankha zosintha sinthawi zonse kusankha komveka bwino pakati pa odziyimira pawokha komanso odalira; zosintha zina, monga zosokoneza, sizikugwirizana bwino m'magulu amenewo.
Siyani Mumakonda