M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana za chikhalidwe ndi zomwe zimaimira.
Chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe chachilengedwe komanso chikhulupiriro cha munthu payekha. Munthu akapanda kudziwika ndi chikhalidwe china, zimakhala zovuta kudziwa kuti ndi ndani kwenikweni.
Dziko lapansi nthawi zonse lakhala malo omwe anthu amakhala ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana. Chikhalidwe cha mtundu wina chidakalipo lero chifukwa chaperekedwa kwa mbadwo wotsatira.
Timatha kudziwa zinthu zingapo zokhudza chikhalidwe chathu chifukwa chinasungidwa ndi omwe adabwera ife tisanakhalepo.
Zikhalidwe zatsopano zatulukira pazaka makumi angapo zapitazi ndipo tikambirana zambiri za izo mu positi iyi. Khalani nafe pamene tikukambirana zitsanzo zabwino za chikhalidwe.
Chikhalidwe ndi Chiyani?
Chikhalidwe chafotokozedwa mobwerezabwereza ndi akatswiri osiyanasiyana. Chikhalidwe ndi chizindikiritso cha gulu linalake la anthu, lomwe liri ndi chinenero, chikhulupiriro, nyimbo, zakudya, mtengo, ndi zizoloŵezi za chikhalidwe.
Mitundu yonse yomwe imapezeka padziko lapansi ili ndi mbiri yawo. N’zosavuta kudziwa kuti munthu ndi wa fuko liti tikadziwa dzina lake, chinenero chimene amalankhula komanso zimene amakhulupirira.
Ngakhale kuti masiku ano zimakhala zovuta kudziwa mtundu wa munthu, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa chidziwitso kudzera mu njira zamankhwala.
Koma, tingathebe kuzindikira Mkhristu, Msilamu, kapena Myuda mwa kuyanjana kophweka kapena zovala zapayekha. (Ref)
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Kodi Zigawo Zachikhalidwe Ndi Chiyani?
Kupatula apo, kugawana chinenero chofanana, zizoloŵezi za anthu, nyimbo, ndi chipembedzo, pali zambiri zokhudza chikhalidwe. Zinthu za chikhalidwe ndi izi'
zizindikiro
Chikhalidwe chilichonse chomwe chili padziko lapansi masiku ano chimadzaza ndi zizindikiro kapena zinthu zomwe zimayimira chinthu chofunikira. Pali zizindikiro zomwe zimayimira mitundu yakulankhulana mosagwiritsa ntchito mawu ndipo zizindikiro zina ndi zinthu zakuthupi.
Kawirikawiri, pali zizindikiro zingapo zopanda mawu. Chodziwika kwambiri ndi kugwirana chanza. Tawonapo anthu akugwirana chanza kuti agwirizane pa mgwirizano kapena kuwonetsa zochita zaubwenzi kwa ena.
Izi ndizofala kwambiri m'madera ambiri koma pali ena omwe savomereza kapena kuzigwiritsa ntchito. Kugwirana chanza kumasonyeza ubwenzi ndi kuvomerezana.
Tawona osewera ndi amayi akugwirana chanza pambuyo pa masewera ampikisano. Asilikali pankhondo kuvomera pangano nawonso kugwirana chanza monga chizindikiro kuvomereza mtendere.
Kugwirana chanza ndi chizindikironso chopereka moni kwa munthu waubwenzi.
Izi ndizofala kwambiri koma magulu ena padziko lonse lapansi ali ndi zizindikiro zawo zopanda mawu. Anthu a ku China ndi a ku Japan amadziwika kuti amaweramitsa mitu yawo ngati chizindikiro cha moni.
Zikhalidwe zina padziko lonse lapansi zilinso nazo. Kungakhale kusuntha gawo linalake la thupi, kapena kukweza manja kuti apereke malingaliro kapena malingaliro.
Language
Chinenero ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pozindikira mtundu wa munthu. Mayiko padziko lonse amalankhula zinenero zosiyanasiyana. Munthu amene si mbadwa ya Chingerezi akamalankhula chinenerocho, timatha kuzindikira dziko lawo kudzera mu kalankhulidwe kawo.
M’mbiri yonse ya anthu, chinenero chakhala chopinga. Ngakhale zinali choncho, anthu ankathanso kuchita malonda zaka mazana ambiri zapitazo. Ubongo wamunthu ndi wapadera ndipo umakhala ndi njira yomvetsetsa ena, ngakhale salankhula chilankhulo chimodzi.
Chinenero sichilinso vuto chifukwa titha kumasulira zilankhulo zomwe sitikuzimva pogwiritsa ntchito mafoni athu.
Miyambo
Tidakali pamutu wa zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri za chikhalidwe.
Miyambo imatsindika khalidwe la munthu. Ndi malamulo okhazikika komanso osakhazikika amtundu wanji wa makhalidwe omwe ali oyenera ndi ovomerezeka pakati pa anthu.
Miyambo
Zikhalidwe padziko lonse lapansi zimapanga miyambo yosiyanasiyana ndipo ili ndi tanthauzo lalikulu. Mwana ayenera kuvomereza kusintha kwina kwa moyo wake kupyolera mu mwambo.
M’zikhalidwe zambiri, miyambo imachitidwa pofuna kusonyeza kuti munthu ndi mwamuna kapena mkazi. Nthaŵi zina, amuna a fuko ayenera kuyambitsa anyamata a msinkhu wakutiwakuti kuti asonyeze kusintha kwawo ku uchikulire.
20 Zitsanzo Zabwino Kwambiri za Zikhalidwe
Ndikofunika kuti munthu adziwe chikhalidwe chake. Chikhalidwe chimadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wanji womwe munthu amakhala.
Tiyeni tifufuze zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri za chikhalidwe.
#1. Chikhalidwe Chachikhalidwe
Dziko lisanakhale mudzi wapadziko lonse lapansi, anthu anali kudzipatula ndipo pali ena omwe amasungabe zinthu mwanjira imeneyo. Kalelo, zikhalidwe zinkafotokozedwa m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Anthu ankavomereza miyambo yawo nthawi imeneyo. Kudali kumvetsera nyimbo zachikhalidwe, kuvala zovala zachikhalidwe, kuphika ndi kudya zakudya zachikhalidwe.
Kuyanjana ndi anthu akunja kudapangitsa kusiyana ndipo masiku ano, anthu ambiri sakondwerera chikhalidwe chawo. Amangodzitchula kuti ndi anthu a m’dera limenelo koma sadziwa pang’ono kapena sadziŵa n’komwe za chikhalidwe chawo.
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#2. Chikhalidwe Chakwawoko
Chikhalidwe chachilengedwe chimakhudza chikhalidwe cha anthu achiaborijini okhala ku kontinenti atsamunda asanafike. Chitsanzo ndi anthu a mtundu wa Sioux a ku North America Christopher Columbus asanabwere pa kontinentiyo m’zaka za zana la 15.
Aaborijini a ku Australia ndi A Maori a ku New Zealand anali ndi zikhalidwe zawo Azungu asanabwere. Tawonanso izi zikuchitika ku Africa mzaka za zana la 16.
#3. Internet Culture
Chikhalidwe cha intaneti chidayamba kukhalapo mu 1980s, koma chidayamba kutchuka pakati pa 1990s. Kuyambira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1990, intaneti yakula kwambiri, ikugwirizanitsa anthu, ndikupanga dziko kukhala mudzi wapadziko lonse lapansi.
Chikhalidwe cha intaneti chikutanthauza chitukuko chatsopano komanso momwe anthu padziko lonse lapansi amalumikizirana wina ndi mnzake. Sitiyenera kuda nkhawa kuti mtunda kapena chilankhulo ndi cholepheretsa kulankhulana.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000 kwatilola kugwirizana ndi anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zakhalanso magwero a moyo kwa mamiliyoni a anthu kunjako.
#4. Chikhalidwe Cholamulira
Chikhalidwe chachikulu ndi chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri za chikhalidwe.
Chikhalidwe chachikulu chimayimira zikhalidwe zomwe zili zofunika pakati pa anthu. Mwachitsanzo, lingalirani za United States, kumene chikhalidwe chachikulu ndicho chikhalidwe cha Azungu.
Koma tisaiwale kuti United States ndi dziko la zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, kotero pali zikhalidwe zina zomwe zilipo ku America. Amaphatikizapo zikhalidwe zaku Africa-America, American-Italian, Mexican-American, Asia-American, ndi zikhalidwe zaku Irish-America.
#5. Counterculture
Ma Countercultures ndi otsutsa ndipo amakana zikhalidwe zomwe zimavomerezedwa ndi ambiri. Ma subcultures nthawi zambiri amavomerezedwa kapena kuloledwa ndi chikhalidwe chachikulu, kunena pang'ono.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, panali gulu lodana ndi kufalikira kwa mayiko ndipo linkaimira chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino.
#6. Chikhalidwe cha China
China idakali imodzi mwa mayiko akale padziko lapansi omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe cholemera kuyambira zaka mazana ambiri. Anthu a ku China anatulukira mfuti, tiyi, zozimitsa moto, ndi mapepala.
Chikhalidwe cha China ndi chikhalidwe cha Azungu tingachiyerekezere. Zikhalidwe zonse ziwirizi ndizopambana ndipo zikukondweretsedwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi masiku ano.
Chikhalidwe cha azungu ndi chosiyana ndi chikhalidwe cha Chitchaina, chifukwa chotsatirachi ndi chikhalidwe chokhazikika kwambiri.
#7. Chikhalidwe cha Chisilamu
Chikhalidwe cha Chisilamu ndi chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri za chikhalidwe.
Ndi chipembedzo cha anthu mabiliyoni ambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndipo chili ndi mbiri ya chikhalidwe. Dziko lachiarabu linatipatsa algebra, opaleshoni, ndi yunivesite.
Chisilamu chimavomerezedwa kwambiri ku Asia ndi madera ena a Africa. Chipembedzo chimene chimatilola kuzindikira amene amachichita kupyolera mwa kavalidwe ndi nyimbo zawo.
#8. Chikhalidwe Chakumadzulo
Chikhalidwe cha azungu chakhudza anthu mabiliyoni ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Dziko la Azungu limakhulupirira kuti limagwirizana ndi Chikhristu ndi mfundo za ku Ulaya.
Mayiko a Azungu anathandiza kwambiri kulimbikitsa ufulu, kusakhulupirira zachipembedzo, kulemekeza akazi, ndi demokalase.
Ukapolo wakhala mbali yamdima m’mbiri ya Azungu. Iwo anali opondereza m’zaka za m’ma 16 ndi 17.
#9. Chikhalidwe cha ku Ulaya
Chikhalidwe cha ku Ulaya chinakhudzanso chikhalidwe cha Azungu m’njira ina. Ofufuza amene anabwera ku dziko latsopano m’zaka za zana la 15 anali Azungu.
Chikhalidwe cha ku Ulaya chinayambitsa zaluso zosangalatsa, chakudya, ndi nyimbo kudziko latsopano. Masewera ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri zomwe chikhalidwe cha ku Ulaya chinayambitsa dziko latsopano.
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#10. Chikhalidwe cha Nordic
Maiko a Nordic ali ku Northern Europe koma ali ndi miyambo yawo yapadera.
Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Iceland, ndi Faroe Island onse ndi mayiko a Nordic. Mayikowa ali ndi mbiri yofanana ya Viking, komanso nyimbo zachikhalidwe.
Mayiko a Nordic ndi ena mwa mayiko omwe akupita patsogolo kwambiri padziko lapansi omwe ali ndi miyambo yabwino ya demokalase.
#11. Global Culture
Chikhalidwe cha padziko lonse ndi chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri za chikhalidwe. Idawonekera chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20 ndipo anthu padziko lonse lapansi amavomereza.
Nthawi zambiri, chikhalidwe chapadziko lonse lapansi chimalimbikitsidwa kwambiri mothandizidwa ndi mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi. Chitsanzo ndi United Nations (UN) ndi Amnesty International.
Mabungwe apadziko lonse awa ali ndi cholinga chimodzi ndipo ndicho kuteteza ufulu wachibadwidwe wa anthu, miyambo yapadziko lonse lapansi, komanso ulemu wa anthu.
#12. Chikhalidwe cha Amish
Chikhalidwe cha Amish chimatsutsa chatsopano dziko laukadaulo ndipo amavomereza kwathunthu njira zakale za Chikhristu.
Gulu la chikhalidwe cha Orthodox limakhulupirira kuti teknoloji ndi mphamvu yowononga yomwe iyenera kupeŵedwa. Amakhulupirira kukhala m’dziko lachikale, akumakana mitundu yonse ya luso lazopangapanga.
Popeza savomereza kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono, mungangoganizira momwe zovala zawo zingawonekere.
#13. Chikhalidwe Chotchuka
Chikhalidwe chotchuka chikufanana ndi chikhalidwe chochepa. Komabe, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza nyimbo zodziwika bwino komanso zosangalatsa.
Chitsanzo ndicho mtundu wa nyimbo zimene anthu mamiliyoni ambiri amamvetsera. Chitsanzo china cha chikhalidwe chotchuka ndicho mapulogalamu a pawailesi yakanema omwe amavomerezedwa ndi kuoneredwa ndi ambiri.
American Idol ndi Britain's Got Talent ndi mapulogalamu a pa TV omwe amavomereza chikhalidwe cha pop. Mafilimu a Blockbuster ndi zitsanzo za chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino.
#14. Subculture
Ma subcultures nthawi zambiri amatuluka m'chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino.
Chitsanzo cha subcultures chimaphatikizapo hipsters, hippies, punks, ndi ojambula a graffiti. Ma subcultures nthawi zambiri amakhala kwa zaka zingapo kenako amatha.
Komabe, ma subcultures nthawi zina amakhala otchuka kwambiri ndipo amatuluka ngati chikhalidwe chachikulu.
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#15. Chikhalidwe cha Syncretic
Chikhalidwe cha Syncretic ndi chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwa zikhalidwe ziwiri. Zilipo ngati chikhalidwe chatsopano koma zimatengera zikhalidwe ziwiri za makolo.
Anthu a Metis aku Canada ndi chitsanzo cha chikhalidwe cha syncretic. Ma Metis adakhalapo chifukwa chophatikiza zikhalidwe zakubadwa zaku North America ndi Europe.
Anthu a Metis amachita chikhalidwe chawo, amakhala ndi chakudya chawo, komanso kuvina kwawo. Kukhalira limodzi ndi Azungu kunabala kusakanikirana kwa miyambo yachipembedzo ya makolo awo ndi yachikatolika yotchedwa Santeria.
Santeria ndi chipembedzo chomwe anthu amakondwerera miyambo ya makolo awo komanso oyera mtima achikatolika.
#16. Gamer Culture
Popeza masewera akhala opindulitsa kwa akatswiri angapo amasewera, chikhalidwe cha osewera chakhala chachikulu.
Osewera amapeza ndalama kusewera masewera pa intaneti ndi omvera ambiri akujowina pa intaneti. Pakhala pali nkhawa zazikulu za momwe kuthera maola patsogolo pa kompyuta kusewera masewera pa intaneti.
Matenda amisala a akatswiri ochita masewerawa amakhalabe vuto lalikulu.
#17. Zikhalidwe Zachinyamata
Ana obadwa m'zaka za m'ma 80 anali ndi zochitika zosiyana poyerekeza ndi omwe anabadwa m'zaka chikwi izi. Mbadwo uliwonse wa achichepere umakulitsa zizoloŵezi ndi zikhalidwe zawo.
Achinyamata a m’badwo uno amapanga mayendedwe awo a slang, nyimbo, mafashoni, ndi magule. Anthu achikulire angaganize kuti zizoloŵezi zatsopanozi sizikuimira makhalidwe abwino.
Zaka khumi zilizonse zimabwera ndi zochitika zatsopano, zovina, mawu, mafashoni, ndi nyimbo.
#18. Media Culture
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 20 ndi pamene mawailesi owulutsa mawu afala kwambiri m’mayiko akumadzulo.
Mayiko ena adavomereza zoulutsira mawu monga zithunzi komanso chidziwitso chofunikira chimaperekedwa kwa anthu ambiri. M'maphunziro azikhalidwe, chikhalidwe cha media chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyimira momwe media media idasinthira dziko lakumadzulo.
#19. Chikhalidwe cha ku Italy-America
Christopher Columbus anali wofufuza wa ku Italy yemwe anapita kudziko latsopano. Masiku ano, chikhalidwe cha ku Italy ndi America ndi chodziwika kwambiri m'mizinda monga Boston, New York, ndi Chicago.
Anthu ambiri aku America amadziwika ndi cholowa chawo cha ku Italy. Kusamuka kwa anthu ambiri ku kontinenti m'zaka za zana la 19 ndi chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri m'mbiri ya America.
Pizza imakondedwa ndi anthu aku America ambiri chifukwa cha kusamuka kwakukulu m'zaka za zana la 19.
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#20. Chikhalidwe cha Punk
Chikhalidwe cha Punk ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino zomwe zidatuluka m'zaka za zana la 20. Ngakhale kuti ikukhala chikhalidwe chochepa, idakondwera komanso kutchuka m'zaka za m'ma 70s.
The Ramones anali gulu la rock lomwe limalimbikitsa chikhalidwe cha punk ku America kumbuyo kwa zaka za m'ma 1970. Chikhalidwe cha Chipunk chidasowa mzaka makumi angapo zotsatira ndipo lero sitikumva chilichonse chokhudza izi.
Kutsiliza
Chikhalidwe mwachibadwa chimazindikiritsa munthu weniweni. Zinthu zake zikuphatikizapo chinenero, miyambo, zikhalidwe, ndi zizindikiro.
Pali zitsanzo zingapo za chikhalidwe ndipo chilichonse chimazindikiritsa gulu lomwe munthu ali.
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