I ka ho'āʻoʻana e hoʻokumu i kaʻokoʻa ma waena o nā ululāʻau a me nā ululāʻau he mau mea liʻiliʻi ia e noʻonoʻo ai, akā pono mākou e hoʻomaka me ka mea nui e hoʻokaʻawale i kēia mau meaʻelua. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ka ululāʻau a me ka ululāʻau ʻo ia ka nui o ka uhi uhi o ka lāʻau nui o ka lāʻau.
I loko o ka ululāʻau, ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa o ka uhi uhi no ka mea ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kumulāʻau e uhi ana i ka ʻāina ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻāina ʻoiai i loko o ka ululāʻau e ʻike ʻoe i ka liʻiliʻi o nā kumulāʻau. ʻO kēia ka mea e loaʻa ai i ka ululāʻau kahi ākea ākea e hāʻawi i ka liʻiliʻi o ka malu a me ka ʻāina maloʻo.
Eia kekahi, ʻokoʻa kēia mau manaʻo ʻelua ma ke ʻano o ka kaiaola a he home lākou no nā ʻano holoholona hihiu like ʻole.
Inā makemake mākou e ʻike i ka mōʻaukala o ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka ululāʻau a me ka ululāʻau, e hoʻihoʻi iā mākou i ka wā waena a i ʻole ka pōʻeleʻele i hoʻohana ʻia nā ululāʻau no ka hahai holoholona aliʻi.
Me ka ʻole o ka liʻiliʻi, e luʻu mākou i kēia kumuhana kūpono. E kūkākūkā mākou i kēia mau manaʻo ʻelua i mea e wehewehe pono ai mākou i ke ʻano o ka nahele a me ka ululāʻau.
A e hoʻokaʻawale mākou i nā mea ʻelua ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻike i hāʻawi ʻia e ka UN Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) a me ka US National Vegetation Classification system.
He aha ka nahelehele?
Wahi a Hui Meaʻai a Mahiʻai (FAO), ʻo ka nahele he wahi me nā kumu lāʻau ʻaʻole emi ma lalo o 5 mika ke kiʻekiʻe. 'O ia ho'i, pono i loko o ka ululā'au nā lā'au ma luna o 16 kapua'i. Pono kēia mau lāʻau e uhi i kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻāina ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o 0.5 mau ʻeka a hāʻawi i kahi uhi uhi ʻaʻole i emi ma lalo o 10%.
I loko o ka ululāʻau, pono ʻoe e ʻike i nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi ma kahi o 5 mau mika ka lōʻihi a hāʻawi pū i kahi canopy ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o 10%.
Eia kekahi, ʻike ʻia ka nahele he home no nā ʻano holoholona like ʻole. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻano mea hiki ke loaʻa iā ʻoe ma ka nahele he manu, amphibians a me nā mammals.
E hoʻomanaʻo ʻaʻole pono e komo i loko o ka nahele ka ʻāina i hoʻohana mau ʻia no ka mahiʻai ʻana a i ʻole nā hana mahiʻai maʻamau.
Wahi a ka US National Vegetation Classification system, ʻo kahi ululāʻau kahi wahi me nā kumulāʻau e hāʻawi i kahi uhi pani - ʻo kēia mau lāʻau ke kiʻekiʻe ma luna o 6 mau mika a hāʻawi i kahi uhi o 60% - 100%.
Nā ʻano o ka nahele biome
Hana ʻia nā ululāʻau me nā biomes lāʻau a ʻo lākou:
Nahele Haʻahaʻa
ʻEhā mau kau like ʻole o ka nahele wela i ka makahiki, a ʻokoʻa ka mahana o kēia mau ʻano ululāʻau i nā manawa like ʻole a me nā kau o ka makahiki.
Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka nahele haʻahaʻa, e ʻike ʻoe i nā ʻano holoholona like ʻole i hiki ke hoʻololi i nā mahana like ʻole o kēia ʻano nahele. ʻO kekahi o nā holoholona hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i loko o ka ululāʻau ʻoluʻolu, ʻo ia ka deer, raccoons, ʻīlio hae, squirrels a me nā bea hibernating.
Nahelehele Tropical
ʻOi aku ka mahana a ʻoi aku ka maʻemaʻe o ka nahele wela. Hiki ke loaʻa kēia ʻano ululāʻau ma nā wahi kokoke loa i ka equator.
He ʻano ululāʻau kēia kahi e ʻike ai ʻoe i nā holoholona e like me nā rana ʻona, nā jaguars, a me nā gorila. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka nui o ka ua ma nā wahi i loaʻa ai nā ululāʻau wela. Hāʻawi ka nahele ua ʻo Tropical i nā kumulāʻau a me ka uhi mānoanoa e hana ai i kahi pōʻeleʻele a palekana no nā holoholona i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua.
Nahelehele ʻo Boreal
ʻO kēia nā ʻano hau he anuanu loa. ʻO Siberia a me Alaska kekahi mau wahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā ululāʻau e like me kēia.
Kōkua nui kēia ʻano nahele i ka hopu kalapona. ʻO kona mahana e hiki ai i nā holoholona e like me ka moose, reindeer, arctic hares, a me nā bea polar ke ulu i loko.
He aha ka lāʻau?
Wahi a ka FAO, ʻo ka ʻāina i uhi ʻia me nā kumulāʻau o 5 mau mika a ʻoi aʻe ma waena o 0.5 ʻeka o ka ʻāina e hāʻawi ana i kahi canopy o 5 - 10 pakeneka i manaʻo ʻia he ululāʻau. Hōʻike kēia i ka hāʻawi ʻana o nā lāʻau i kahi canopy ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 10% a i ʻole e manaʻo ʻia he nahele. Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia kēia uhi uhi e nā kumu lāʻau, nā kumu lāʻau a me nā mea ulu.
Wahi a kekahi ʻāpana o ka ʻike i hāʻawi ʻia e US National Vegetation Classification standards, ʻoi aku ka hāmama o ka ululāʻau ma kahi o 5 - 60 pakeneka uhi uhi i hāʻawi ʻia e ka mana o nā kumulāʻau. Inā ʻoi aʻe ka uhi ʻana ma luna o ka pākēneka i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, a laila e manaʻo ʻia he nahele.
Ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau e kū ana nā lāʻau i ola ma mua o ka makahiki 1600 ua kapa ʻia ʻo "nā ululāʻau kahiko," ʻoiai ma UK ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo "nā ululāʻau kahiko," pili ia i kahi āu e noho ai.
Noʻonoʻo ka poʻe Australia i nā mea kanu o nā kumulāʻau me kahi uhi e uhi i ka 10 - 30 pakeneka o ka ululāʻau. He mau lāʻau kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa ko lākou me nā lāʻau ma luna o 98 kapuaʻi a me nā lāʻau ma lalo o 30 kapuaʻi.
Wahi a kekahi ʻatikala paʻi ʻia e SigBusiness.com, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka uhi ʻana o ka ululāʻau a ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ka ululāʻau i ka uhi uhi - e hoʻolilo i ka ululāʻau i wahi kūpono no nā holoholona e noho ana ma ka honua a me ka ululāʻau kahi kūpono no nā holoholona e noho nei i waena o nā kumulāʻau.
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