Aia ʻoe i ke kula haʻahaʻa a i ʻole ke kula waena a ʻaʻole ʻoe i ʻike i ke ʻano o ka hoʻonaʻauao postgraduate, eia kahi ʻatikala e wehewehe ana i ka huaʻōlelo, a wehewehe pū i nā ʻano, nā kūpono a me nā kaʻina noi e aʻo ai ma ka pae postgraduate.
ʻO ka hoʻonaʻauao ke kumu o ka lāhui holomua. Hāʻawi ia i ka waiwai a me ke alakaʻi ʻana mai nā pae mua o ke aʻo ʻana ma ka lumi papa. Hoʻonui ka hoʻonaʻauao i nā mākau a me nā kālena, hoʻonui i ka ʻike kamaʻilio kamaʻilio, a me ka noʻonoʻo.
He mea nui ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hoʻonaʻauao ʻana mai ka wā kamaliʻi no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pūʻulu akamai e ulu aʻe i ke ʻano ʻoihana.
Wahi a Wikipedia, ʻo nā pae hoʻonaʻauao he mau māhele ia o ka hoʻonaʻauao kūlana a loaʻa i ka hoʻonaʻauao kamaliʻi mua, ka hoʻonaʻauao mua, ka hoʻonaʻauao kula kiʻekiʻe, a me ke kula kiʻekiʻe.
Hāʻule ka hoʻonaʻauao postgraduate ma lalo o ka māhele o ka hoʻonaʻauao kula kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kēia ka pae i loaʻa ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke kula haʻahaʻa. Hāʻawi ʻia nā kekelē hoʻonaʻauao ma kēia pae, loaʻa ke kēkelē laepua, palapala puka puka, a i ʻole diploma, a me ke kauka.
He aha ka Postgraduate Education?
ʻO ka hoʻonaʻauao postgraduate kekahi hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe i hoʻopau ʻia ma hope o ke kēkelē laepua a i ʻole diploma. He mea maʻamau kēia no ke komo ʻana i kahi papa puka. He hoʻomaikaʻi ia i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka mea a ka haumāna i aʻo ai, a he manawa kūpono ia e nānā ai i kahi ʻāpana.
I loko o kahi ʻano hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū no nā haumāna puka kula, hiki i ke kēkelē laepua ke hoʻokaʻawale iā ʻoe mai nā mea noi ʻē aʻe e ʻimi nei i ka like. hana.
Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻōlelo ʻia he "hoʻonaʻauao puka" a lawe ʻia e kahi haumāna puka.
ʻO kahi ʻē aʻe, hiki i nā haumāna ke hele i ke kula lapaʻau, ke kula kānāwai a i ʻole ke kula ʻoihana e aʻo i kēia mau wahi, a laila e hāʻawi ʻia kahi palapala puka puka ma ka diploma a i ʻole ka haku e like me ka hihia.
Nā ʻano o ka Postgraduate Qualification (palapala palapala a me ke aʻo ʻana)
I kēia manawa ke neʻe mālie nei mākou i ka pahuhopu nui o kēia ʻatikala, ʻo ia hoʻi i nā ʻano a me nā pae o ka hoʻonaʻauao postgraduate, a me ke aʻo ʻana; mai ka haku a i ka PhD, ka palapala puka puka, ke kēkelē ʻole, a me nā makana hanohano.
He aha ka Postgraduate Certificate a me ka Diploma?
ʻO nā diploma a me nā palapala hōʻoia he ʻano o nā degere postgraduate i ʻoi aku ka ʻoihana a kūpono i kahi ʻoihana kikoʻī.
He pōkole a emi ka ikaika ma mua o ke kēkelē. Hiki i nā haumāna ke manaʻo e loaʻa kahi palapala hope loa ma hope o 15 mau pule a me kahi diploma hope ma 6 a 12 mau mahina (inā lākou e aʻo i ka manawa piha).
He aha ke kēkelē laepua?
A ke kēkelē kumu he palapala maʻamau loa ia ma ka pae postgraduate a ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he kekelē puka ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
Hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka noiʻi, kahi papa e pili ana i ke aʻo ʻana, a i ʻole ka hui pū ʻana o nā mea ʻelua. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ua aʻo ʻia nā papa Master of Science (MSc) a me Master of Arts (MA), aʻo nā Masters e pili ana i ka noiʻi ʻo Philosophy (MPhil).
Akā hiki i kahi MSc ke lilo i papa noiʻi). ʻO "MBA" kahi huaʻōlelo i hoʻohana ʻia no ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kēkelē master ma ka ʻoihana.
ʻO ke kēkelē laeoʻo maʻamau ka lōʻihi o 1 a 2 mau makahiki ma ke kumu manawa piha. Inā he papa i aʻo ʻia, ua like ia me ke kēkelē laepua i hāʻawi ʻia ma o nā seminar, nā haʻawina, a me nā haʻiʻōlelo. I ka pau ʻana o ka papa, ʻike ʻia ka thesis master.
He aha ka Degree Licentiate?
ʻO kēia kekahi o nā ʻano haʻawina postgraduate, ʻaʻole i kamaʻilio ʻia i nā manawa a pau.
Ma nā ʻāina, e like me Suedena a me Finland, aia kahi Licentiate Degree i ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ke kēkelē master, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ke kauka.
ʻO nā hōʻaiʻē pono e pili ana i ka hapalua o nā hōʻaiʻē i koi ʻia no ke kauka. ʻO nā koi no ka papa hana e like me ka doctorate, akā ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o ka noiʻi mua e like me ke kauka. ʻO nā kauka i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, no ka laʻana, he laikini ma mua o nā kauka.
Ma United Kingdom a ma nā ʻāina e like me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa nona nā ʻōnaehana hoʻonaʻauao i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ke kumu hoʻohālike Pelekane.
Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻo ke kēkelē laepua wale nō ka papa puka maʻamau i hāʻawi ʻia, ʻoiai ma ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina ʻEulopa koe wale nō ʻo United Kingdom, ua aneane nalowale ke kēkelē laepua.
Eia nō naʻe, i ka hapalua ʻelua o ke kenekulia 19, ua hoʻomaka nā kulanui ʻAmelika e hahai i ke kumu hoʻohālike ʻEulopa ma o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke kauka, a laha kēia hana ma United Kingdom.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hāʻawi ka hapa nui o nā kulanui ʻEulopa i nā haku like ʻole a i ʻole nā mea pani e hāʻawi i kā lākou mau haumāna i nā manawa kūpono e hoʻokūkū ai i kahi mākeke honua i hoʻomalu ʻia e ka hoʻohālike ʻAmelika no nā makahiki. I ka pau ʻana o kēia haʻawina, hāʻawi ʻia kahi palapala puka puka.
He aha ka Doctorate (PhD)?
ʻO ke kauka a i ʻole ka PhD he kekelē noiʻi i aʻo ʻia ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke kēkelē master. He 3-4 mau makahiki piha ke kauka kauka a ua hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka noiʻi mua loa a ka haumāna.
ʻOkoʻa i ka haʻawina mua, kahi i ʻoi aku ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā polopeka a me nā haumāna, hana nā haumāna kauka me kā lākou luna noiʻi ma ka noiʻi, e pili ana i ka mea a ke keʻena o kēia kula e kālele nei.
Ua ʻae ʻia nā haumāna PhD e hana ma ke ʻano he kumu aʻo, kahi e ʻae ʻia ai lākou e aʻo i nā papa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a hōʻailona i nā hana i hana ʻia e nā haumāna lae pua.
He aha ka papa hanohano?
Hāʻawi ka nui o nā kulanui i nā degere hanohano, ʻo ka hapa nui ma ka pae postgraduate. Hāʻawi ʻia kēia mau makana i nā poʻe e like me nā mea pena, nā mea kākau, nā mea mele, nā kālai'āina, nā ʻoihana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole hoʻohana ka poʻe i loaʻa i kēia mau degere i nā poʻo inoa a i ʻole nā leka pili e like me "Dr."
Pehea e aʻo ʻia ai nā haʻawina Postgraduate?
E like me kā mākou i hōʻike mua ai, ʻokoʻa ka hoʻonaʻauao postgraduate ma mua o ka hoʻonaʻauao laepua. ʻAe, aia kekahi mau mea like ma waena o nā papa haʻahaʻa a me nā papa postgraduate.
Eia naʻe, ʻo ka manaʻo koʻikoʻi o nā haumāna a me ka hana ʻana i kā lākou noiʻi kumu. Hoʻoikaika hou ʻia kēia manaʻo e ka hana ʻana ma ke ʻano he mau kōkua aʻo, hele pū a kamaʻilio i nā ʻaha kūkā a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka launa pū ʻana me kā lākou mau luna aʻo.
Hiki ke loiloi ʻia nā papa postgraduate i aʻo ʻia me ka hōʻike waha ma o nā hoʻokolohua a me ka thesis. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka ʻike hope loa a me ka helu no nā haumāna PhD e pili ana i kahi thesis lōʻihi loa.
He aha nā mea e pono ai no kahi haʻawina Postgraduate?
Pono ke kēkelē laepua mai ke kulanui i kākoʻo ʻia a i ʻole ke kulanui me ka hanohano o ka papa lua kiʻekiʻe no ke komo ʻana i ke kula puka. Hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe i kahi papa pre-master inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i nā mākau a me ka ʻike pono.
Aia paha nā papa hoʻololi e kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻololi i kāu ala o ke aʻo ʻana. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi kekelē kulanui, ua hōʻike ʻoe iā ʻoe nā ʻano koʻikoʻi e aʻo ai ma ka pae aʻe. Hoʻopiha ka papa hoʻololi i ka ʻike e pono ai ke aʻo ʻana i kahi kumuhana hou ma ka pae aʻe.
- Inā ʻaʻole ʻōlelo Pelekane kāu ʻōlelo makuahine, pono ʻoe e hoʻokō i nā koi Pelekane no ka papa āu e noi nei.
- E ʻoluʻolu, ʻaʻole ia he mea maʻamau ka loaʻa ʻana o nā koi ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā papa puka no ke komo ʻana i ka ʻōlelo Pelekania ma mua o kahi papa haʻahaʻa like ʻole ma ke kulanui like.
- Pono paha kekahi mau haumāna o ka honua e lawe i nā hoʻokolohua maʻamau e pili ana i ke kumuhana a lākou e makemake ai e aʻo ai a i kahi a lākou e makemake ai e aʻo.
- Pono paha ʻoe e nīnauele iā ʻoe iho a hōʻike iā ʻoe ke kālā e hoʻolilo i kāu mau haʻawina ma waho ma ke noi ʻana a loaʻa i ka visa haumāna kūpono.
Ke kaʻina hana
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā noi no nā papahana bachelor, ʻo ka palena manawa no nā noi no ka postgraduate, mai ka haku a hiki i ka PhD hiki ke emi i ka koʻikoʻi ma nā ʻāina he nui. He liʻiliʻi nā haumāna e noi ana no ka hoʻonaʻauao postgraduate.
He mau mahina wale nō ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka papa. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka manawa hoʻoponopono no nā noi no nā haumāna puka i kekahi manawa ma mua o nā haumāna ma ke kula haʻahaʻa, no laila pono paha ʻoe e kali lōʻihi e ʻike inā ua ʻae ʻia kāu hāʻawi. Pono ʻoe e hōʻoia mau i kēia mau manawa koʻikoʻi me ke keʻena ponoʻī (hiki ke nīnau i kahi kulanui).
Manaʻo mau ʻia e hoʻouna i kāu noi i ka wā hiki loa i ʻole e piha ka papa āu e noi nei a hiki mai kāu noi i ka manawa kūpono ma mua o ka lā palena.
Panina
Hiki i nā ʻano o ka haʻawina Postgraduate ke aʻo ʻana i nā hōʻailona e like me nā diploma postgraduate, Master's (master's), a postgraduate certificates. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano he mau ʻanuʻu i ke kēkelē maʻamau, ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ke aʻo ʻana no kahi ʻoihana kūikawā, a i ʻole ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona ma kahi kula haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa e hōʻoia i kahi papa kekelē piha ma ka pae postgraduate.
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