Switzerland ine mukurumbira nekuda kwehupenyu hwayo hwepamusoro, zvivakwa zvakagadziridzwa, uye kuzvipira kukuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza.
Chinokosha pakubudirira kweSwitzerland uye kugarisana kwevanhu kuri mukusiyana kwayo kwakapfuma, kunonzi kunobva mumitauro mina yepamutemo yenyika. Mubvunzo ndouyu; mitauro ipi inotaurwa muSwitzerland?
Kusiyana nedzimwe nharaunda dzine mitauro yakawanda, Switzerland inobudirira kudzivirira kusawirirana kunowanikwa munharaunda. Kugona kwevanhu veSwitzerland kutaura mitauro mina yepamutemo inoshanda sesimba guru.
Kunyange zvazvo mitauro iyi ichitaurwa munyika yose, inonyanya kutaurwa munzvimbo chaidzo. Kusiyana-siyana kwemitauro uku kunoita kuti Switzerland ive netsika yakasiyana nedzimwe, zvichiita kuti vanhu vayo vanzwe vakabatana uye vanzwisisane.
VaSwiss vanotambira mitauro yavo yakawanda, vachigadzira nharaunda inowirirana umo mitauro yakasiyana-siyana inogarisana murunyararo. Iyi nzira yekubatanidza haingosimudziri kubatana kwevanhu asi inoratidzawo kuzvipira kwenyika kutambira kusiyana-siyana sechinhu chakakosha pakuzivikanwa kwayo.
Mitauro Inotaurwa muSwitzerland
Swiss German Mutauro
Swiss German ndiyo inonyanya kutaurwa mutauro muSwitzerland. Vanenge 60% yevanhu vanozvitaura, kunyanya kuchamhembe, pakati, uye kumabvazuva kwenyika. Vagari vemo vanoti Schwyzerdütsch, uye inoumbwa nemitauro yeAlemannic isingachashandiswi kuGermany kana kuAustria.
Vana veSwitzerland vanodzidza Standard German muchikoro, kuti vagone kutaura zviri nyore nemaGerman, maAustria, nevamwe vatauri veGerman. Vanoshandura ku Standard German zviri nyore kana vachitaura nemunhu asingatauri Swiss German.
Sezvo asiri ese maSwiss German dialects ane yakajairwa yakanyorwa fomu, mitemo, mabhuku, uye mapepanhau akanyorwa mu Standard German. Ndicho chikonzero nei vazhinji vekuSwiss Germany vachidana Schriftdeutsch, zvinoreva kuti "chiGerman chakanyorwa."
Swiss German haisi mutauro mumwe chete - inosiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nokuti uri kupi. Semuenzaniso, mutauro weZurich wakasiyana neBasel, uye wakatonyanya kusiyana mumusha weAlpine.
Mamiriro ezvinhu anowanzo shandisa Standard German, kunyanya kana paine vasiri veSwiss German vatauri vakatenderedza. Asi pachivande uye pakati pevaSwiss Germany, madimikira ndiwo akajairika.
Swiss French Mutauro
ChiFrench ndiwo mutauro unonyanya kutaurwa kumadokero kwenyika, dunhu rinozivikanwa seSwiss French.
Maererano ne Wikipedia, inenge 22% yevagari veSwitzerland vanotaura chiFrench, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakosha zvemitauro mumaguta akaita seGeneva neLausanne. Kana uri kuronga rwendo kuenda kunzvimbo idzi dzeSwiss, kuva neduramazwi rechiFrench kunogona kubatsira, sezvo vari kunyanya nzvimbo dzinotaura chiFrench.
Zvichienzaniswa nemisiyano iri pakati peSwiss German neStandard German, misiyano iri pakati peSwiss French neFrench inotaurwa muFrance hainyanyi kutaurwa. Kunyangwe paine misiyano yemazwi uye mataurirwo, vanhu vane hunyanzvi muStandard French vanofanirwa kuzviwana zviri nyore kutora Swiss French.
Kuwanda kwechiFrench mumaguta eSwiss kunogadzira mamiriro emitauro yakasiyana, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakanaka kuti vafambi vave neruzivo rwemutauro. Kunyangwe iwe uri kuongorora hupfumi hwetsika yeGeneva kana kunakidzwa nerunako rweLausanne, kuve nekunzwisisa kwekutanga kweFrench kunogona kuwedzera ruzivo rwako uye kudyidzana nevanhu veko.
Uyewo Verenga: Mitauro Yakanyanya Kukosha Kuti Udzidze Kune Mikana Yakawanda
Mutauro weSwiss Italian
MaSwiss Italians anogara kumaodzanyemba kweSwitzerland, padyo nemuganhu neItari. Nehuwandu hwevatauri 673,000, vanoumba ingangoita 8% yehuwandu hwenyika.
Kune ani zvake anoziva chiItalian kana kudzidza mutauro, Swiss Italian iri nyore kunzwisisa, yakafanana neSwitzerland French. Musiyano mukuru uri mune mashoma akakosha mazwi echikwereti kubva kuGerman neFrench.
Kunyangwe kuvepo kwemitauro yemunharaunda yakadai seTicinese uye mamwe maLombard-anopesvedzerwa misiyano, Swiss Italian yakada kufanana neStandard Italian muSwitzerland.
Kusiyana neS Standard Italian, Swiss Italian inomira pachena nekushandisa kwayo "calques," mitsara inoita seshanduro chaiyo kubva kuFrench neGerman.
Semuyenzaniso, nepo izwi rechiItalian rekuti “rezinesi rekutyaira” riri “Patente,” maSwiss Italians vanoshandisa “Licenza di condurre,” dudziro yakananga kubva paizwi rechiFrench rokuti “permis de conduire.” Zvisinei nemitauro iyi, kutaurirana kwese pakati peSwiss Italians nevatauri veStandard Italian kunoramba kwakatsetseka.
Mutauro weRomansh
Romansh mutauro mudiki unotaurwa nevanhu 37,000 1938 chete. Yakava mutauro wenyika muSwitzerland muna 1996, asi haina kusvika muna XNUMX iyo yakawana kuzivikanwa kwepamutemo.
Kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweganti reGrisons, chiRomansh mutauro wepamutemo unoshandiswa mukutonga nedzidzo, pamwe nekutaura kwemazuva ese mukati menharaunda.
Pasinei nekutarisana nemakwikwi kubva kuItaly neGermany, Romansh yakapona kusvika muzana remakore rechi21. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti vazhinji vatauri veRomansh vanobva kunzvimbo dziri kwadzo, dzine makomo kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweSwitzerland.
Kurudziro yemutauro wechiGerman pa Romansh yakakosha. Pasinei nechigadziko chemutauri, chiRomansh chine mitauro mishanu inoshandiswa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kuedza kwakaitwa nehurumende kusimudzira "pan-Romansh" yakabatana yakave nemhedzisiro yakasanganiswa padanho renzvimbo.
Mitauro Yakasiyana-siyana muSwitzerland
Switzerland inosimbisa kukosha kwekutora mutauro wenyika kuti ubatanidzwe. Zvisinei, nhamba huru yevakatamira munyika yacho vachiri kuda kutaura nemitauro yavo.
Maererano ne iyo Swiss Federal Statistical Office, mitauro inowanzotaurwa munyika iyi inosanganisira Chirungu, Portuguese, Albanian, nezvimwe.
Chikamu chinozivikanwa chevagari vemuSwitzerland vanonyanya kutaura mumitauro isiri yenyika. Inenge 5.8% yevanhu vanotaura Chirungu, 3.5% vanotaura Portuguese, 3.2% vanotaura nechiAlbania, 2.3% muSerbo Croatian, uye 2.4% muchiSpanish. Pamusoro pezvo, kune chikamu che8.2% chinoshandisa mitauro inowira pasi pechikamu che "Zvimwe."
Kusiyana kwemitauro muSwitzerland kunoratidza kugarisana kwemitauro yakasiyana-siyana mukati memiganhu yayo. Zvisinei nekusimbiswa kwemutauro werudzi rwenyika, kuvapo kwemitauro yakawanda kunoratidza hupfumi hwetsika hunoenderana neruzhinji rwevanhu vanobva kune dzimwe nyika. Huwandu uhu hunosimbisa kukosha kunoramba kuripo kwekucherechedza nekugamuchira kusiyana kwemitauro muSwitzerland.
Uyewo Verenga: Chii Chinonzi Cultural Assimilation?
Kwaziso Mumitauro Yakasiyana Inotaurwa muSwitzerland
Mitauro mina yakasiyana yepamutemo inotaurwa muSwitzerland. Heano mamwe makwaziso ari nyore aungashandisa:
Mhoro:
- MuchiSwiss German, unoti "Hallo."
- MuSwiss French, zita rekuti "Bonjour".
- MuSwitzerland Italian, unogona kuti "Ciao."
- MuchiRomansh, une mashoma sarudzo: "Cia," "Tgau," kana "Allegra."
Sara mushe:
- Kuonekana neSwitzerland German, unoti "Auf Wiedersehen."
- MuSwitzerland French, inonzi "Au revoir."
- MuSwitzerland Italian, ungati "Addio."
- MuchiRomansh, inonzi "Ade."
Ndapota:
- Kana iwe uchida kutaura ndapota muchiSwiss German, unoti "Bitte."
- MuSwiss French, inonzi "S'il vous plaît."
- MuSwitzerland Italian, unogona kuti "Per favour."
- MuchiRomansh, inonzi "Per plaschair."
Ndatenda:
- Kuti uti mazvita muchiSwiss German, unoti "Danke."
- MuSwiss French, zvinoreva "Merci".
- MuSwitzerland Italian, unoti "Grazie."
- MuchiRomansh, inonzi "Grazia."
Leave a Reply