Assimilation inosanganisira kubatanidza zvinhu zvitsva muhurongwa. Inowanzokurukurwa mumashoko akapoteredza e“kubatanidzwa kwetsika,” apo mapoka evatorwa anokurudzirwa kugamuchira tsika, miitiro, uye tsika dzenzanga dzenyika dzavanogara. Ikoku kunobatanidza kurega kana kuti kuvanza mativi etsika yomunhu amene, zvakadai sezvokudya zvakati, zvipfeko, mutauro, uye magamuchidzanwa orudzidziso, ayo angave asina kurovedzeka kurudzi rwaunogamuchira.
Vatsigiri vekuenzanisa vanopikisa kuti kunosimudzira kuzivikanwa kwetsika kwakabatana, kunoderedza kukakavara kwetsika, uye kunopa vanobva kune dzimwe nyika mikana yakawedzerwa yemagariro nehupfumi. Ichi chinyorwa chinoongorora mhando dzedzidziso dzekufananidzwa uye inoongorora kuti kufananidzwa kunotaridzika sei mumashoko anoshanda. Mubvunzo wepakati wakatariswa ndewekuti vatsigiri vekufananidzwa vakarurama here mukusimbisa mabhenefiti ako, kana kuti kufananidzwa kunotungamira murusarura uye kuparara kwetsika dzakasiyana.
Kunzwisisa Theory of Cultural Assimilation
Pfungwa yekufananidza tsika yave iripo chero vanhu vabva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe. Kare mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20, nyanzvi dzezvemagariro evanhu muUnited States dzakatanga kugadzira dzidziso pamusoro pekufananidzwa. Dr. Nicki Lisa Cole akatsanangura idzi dzidziso mu 2018 chinyorwa pa ThoughtCo.
Kune matatu makuru edzidziso mamodheru ekufananidzwa, uye imwe neimwe inopa akasiyana maonero ekuti tsika dzinosanganiswa uye kugadzirisa sei.
Iyo Melting Pot Model: Yechinyakare uye Itsva
Muenzaniso wekutanga unoona United States sehari inonyunguduka, uko kufananidzwa idanho-ne-nhanho maitiro. Maererano nepfungwa iyi, chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe chinowedzera kufanana netsika inotonga. Kunyange zvazvo vana vevakabva kune dzimwe nyika vangaomerera kutsika dzevabereki vavo, vana vavo vamene, uye zvizvarwa zvinovatevera, vangangosiya mamwe mativi etsika dzavanasekuru vavo. Chinangwa chekupedzisira ndechekuti munhu wese munharaunda anogovana tsika imwechete.
Zvisinei, dzidziso iyi yakatarisana nokushoropodzwa. Vamwe vanhu vanozvidaidza kuti "Anglo-conformist." Izvo zvinoshandawo zvakanyanya kana iyo inotonga tsika yakajeka uye inotsanangurwa zviri nyore.
Kukanganisa Kwerudzi/Marudzi: Zvinhu Zvinokosha
Imwe dzidziso inotarisa kufananidzwa kuburikidza nelenzi yedzinza, dzinza, uye chitendero. Inopa zano kuti assimilation haisi imwe-saizi-inokodzera-ese maitiro. Zvichienderana nemamiriro akaita munhu, vanogona kunge vaine ruzivo rwakapfava, kana kuti vanogona kusangana nematambudziko nekuda kwerusaruraganda uye xenophobia, kunyanya kune vasiri Vachena vanobva kune dzimwe nyika.
Kungodzidza mutauro uye kutora tsika dzinokosha dzetsika kungasakwana kana rusarura rwuri chipingamupinyi chikuru. Dzidziso iyi inosimbisa mhedzisiro yemunhu nemagariro kana mamwe mapoka aine zvakanakira asi mamwe achitarisana nezvakashata.
Segmented Assimilation: Nzira Dzakasiyana dzeMapoka Akasiyana
The segmented assimilation model inotaura kuti mapoka akasiyana-siyana evatorwa anopindirana muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvevanhu. Kana munhu asvika munyika itsva, kuwana kwavo kune zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvevanhu kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakadai semamiriro ehupfumi hwevanhu. Vamwe vanhu vanotevedzera tsika yechinyakare yekutevedzera, zvishoma nezvishoma vachiva chikamu chevazhinji.
Kune rumwe rutivi, vamwe vangapinda munzanga dzine urombo mune zvemari, vachiganhurira mikana yavo. Nyanzvi dzezvemagariro evanhu dzinodzidzawo nzira yechitatu, apo vanhu vanochengeta zvakawanda zvetsika dzavo apo vachibudirira kuenzanisa upfumi. Nyanzvi dzinotarisa pane yakakamurwa modhi dzinowanzoongorora zviitiko zvechizvarwa chechipiri vanobva kune dzimwe nyika.
Uyewo Verenga: Chii chinonzi Nationalism uye Kuda nyika (Nationalism Vs Patriotism)
Assimilation muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva
Assimilation ipfungwa yakaoma sezvinoratidzwa nemamodheru, uye zvakare maitiro echisikigo muhupenyu chaihwo. Zvinowanzoitika sevanhu vanojairana nemhoteredzo itsva, uye vana vavo vanojaira tsika dzakasiyana. Zvakadaro, nhoroondo yekufananidzwa yakasvibiswa nezvinhu zvinonetsa.
Kumanikidzwa kufananidzwa kwakaiswa kune vagari veko uye vabvakure munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, uye izvi zvinoratidzira divi rakasviba rechiitiko ichi. Pamusoro pezvo, kufananidzwa kwakabatana zvakanyanya nemafungiro edzinza uye maonero e "imwe." Zviitiko zviviri zvinoenzanisira zvakaipa zvekusimudzira:
1. Nhaka Yakasviba yeCanada's Residential Schools
Apo vaEurope vakagara muCanada, vaidavira kuti tsika dzavo dzakakwirira. Mukuedza "kuponesa" uye "kugadziridza" vanhu veIndigenous, vakagamuchira chirongwa chisina kunaka nemigumisiro inoparadza. Tichitora kurudziro kubva kuUnited States, chirongwa chechikoro chekugara chakavambwa muma1880 uye chakasungirirwa vana veIndigenous muna 1920, zvichivasiya vasina imwe nzira.
Chirevo chaive chekuti chete kuburikidza nekumanikidzirwa kutevedzera vanhu veIndigenous neCanada vanogona kubudirira. Zvikoro zvacho zvakamanikidza vanhu kuti vatevedzere mapfekero evaEurope, kugera bvudzi revana, uye kubvumidza chiRungu chete, zvichigura ukama hwemhuri netsika.
Vana vakatsungirira kubatwa zvisina kufanira mumuviri, mupfungwa, uye mumudzimu, pamwe chete nokusawana zvokudya zvakakwana uye kutarisira utano. Pakati pa1883 na1997, vana vanopfuura 150,000 1996 vakatorwa nechisimba mudzimba dzavo. Chikoro chekupedzisira chekugara chakavhara magonhi acho chete muna XNUMX, zvichisiya vakapona vachiri kunetsekana nekushungurudzika.
Muna 2015, mushumo wekupedzisira weKomisheni yeChokwadi nekuyananisa yakaratidza mhedziso inokatyamadza yekuti chikoro chekugara chakaedza "kupondwa kwetsika," nehumbowo hunoratidza chokwadi chakatoipisisa chekupondwa chaiko, sezvo makuva makuru akawanikwa muzvikoro zvakasiyana. Muna 2021, Tk'emlúps te Secwépemc Rudzi Rwekutanga yakashuma nzvimbo dzinosvika mazana maviri dzinogona kuvigwa paichimbova Kamloops Indian Residential School, dzakafukunurwa kuburikidza neradar inopinda pasi.
Mushandirapamwe weCanada wokutevedzera, unonzi unobatsira, panzvimbo pezvo wakaguma nokuparadzwa kwetsika dzeMarudzi, kushungurudza, uye kurasikirwa neupenyu hwevana. Parizvino, Canada yakatarisana nemhosva yekutyorwa kwayo kwakanyanya kwekodzero dzevanhu.
2. Kupesana kwevaAsia America muUnited States
Nhoroondo yevaAsia muAmerica inoburitsa nyaya yakaoma yekufananidza, achibudisa zvinonetsa muUnited States. Kunyange vachiwanzorumbidzwa se "vashoma vemuenzaniso," vanhu vekuAsia America panguva imwe chete vanotarisana nekunyorwa se "vasingafananidzi."
Kangaidzo iyi inotangira muzana remakore rechi19 apo vanhu vokuChina vakanga vabva kune dzimwe nyika, vakasvika kuma1850, vakaitwa rusaruro runopesana neAsia. Vachionekwa sevashandi vakachipa, vakaita mabasa sevarimi vegadheni, vashandi vekuwachira, uye vashandi venjanji panguva yekuvakwa kweTranscontinental Railroad. Kusawirirana kwakawedzera, zvichiguma neChinese Exclusion Act ye1882, iyo yakangobviswa neMagnuson Act muna 1943, ichibvumira kutama kweChinese.
Muhurukuro ya2012 yakanzi "VaAsia muAmerica: The Paradox ye'The Model Minority' uye 'Mutorwa Asingagumi,'” Dr. Min Zhou vakasimbisa maonero asina kunaka evakabva kuAsia WWII isati yasvika, vachivaratidza sevatorwa “vanonyengera” vane tsika dzavasina kujaira. Kusarura kwakawedzera panguva yeWWII, kunyanya kurwisa maJapan ekuAmerica, zvichitungamira kumisasa yevasungwa. Dr. Zhou vanoratidza nguva iyi sekutanga kwe "vashoma muenzaniso" ngano, sezvo veChinese vekuAmerica vakatsvaga kusimbisa kuvimbika kwavo kuU.
Munguva yekufamba kwekodzero dzevanhu, muenzaniso vashoma ngano yakasimbiswa, ichiratidza maAsia America semienzaniso yekubudirira kuenzanisa. Maonero aya, zvisinei, haangopatsanuri mapoka madiki chete asiwo anorerutsa zviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvevese vekuAsia nePacific Island, vachivharidzira kusarurana kwenhoroondo.
Zviitiko zvichangoburwa, zvakaita sekuwedzera kwerusarura rwekuAsia panguva yeCOVID-19 denda, zvakafumura muganho usina kusimba pakati pekuve "vashoma vemuenzaniso" uye kuonekwa se "mutorwa" asingaperi. Pasinei nematanho ekufananidza, vanhu vekuAsia vekuAmerica vanoramba vachitarisana nerusarura uye mhirizhonga, vachimutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pekubudirira kwekufananidza sepfungwa yemagariro.
Uyewo Verenga: Chii Chinonzi Kusiyana Kwetsika Uye Nei Kwakakosha?
Biculturalism vs. Cultural Assimilation
Kana tsika inotonga ichisimbirira kune wese kuti aenderane nenzira dzayo, kuenzanisa kunova kwakakosha pakubudirira. Izvi zvinoonekwa muzviitiko zvenhoroondo sezvikoro zvekugara zveCanada uye zvakaitika kune vekuAsia America. Nekudaro, kuenzanisa kuzere haisiriyo yega sarudzo, uye haisi iyo yakanakisa nguva dzose.
Kuramba kutevedzera zvachose kunogona kukonzera kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe uye kurasikirwa nemikana. Saka, pane nzvimbo yepakati here?
Psychology Nhasi inotsanangura biculturalism sekubatanidza tsika nemagariro nezviitiko zvemunhu. Pane kuti unzwe wakaparadzana pakati petsika mbiri, ndezvekuvayananisa. Tsvagiridzo yakaitwa naSeth Schwartz, purofesa wesainzi yehutano hweveruzhinji, inoratidza kuti biculturalism inogona kutungamira mukuzviremekedza kwakakwirira, kushomeka kunetseka, uye hukama hwemhuri huri nani. Sezvineiwo, vanhu vakanyatsoenderana vanowanzotarisana nemhedzisiro yakaipa, chiitiko chinozivikanwa se "paradox yevanobva kune dzimwe nyika."
Panzvimbo pekunyatsoenderana, vanhu vanogona kubatanidza zvikamu zvetsika dzakasiyana kuti vagadzire kuzivikanwa kwakasiyana uye kunogutsa. Iyi nzira inobvumira vanhu kuchengetedza hukama kune nhaka yavo vachigamuchira zviitiko zvitsva.
mhedziso
Vanhu pavanofunga nezvekutamira kune imwe tsika, vakawanda vangasarudza dzidziso dzetsika nemagariro kana vakanzwa vachigamuchirwa. Zvisinei, dzimwe nzvimbo dzingaodza mwoyo vanhu vanobva kune dzimwe nyika kuti varambe vaine tsika dzavo, kana kuti dzine mitemo yakananga pamusoro pezvinotenderwa. Nyika ingagamuchira zvokudya zvitsva zvinounzwa nevanobva kune dzimwe nyika asi ikaisa miganhu patsika dzavo dzechitendero. Kuwanda kwezvirambidzo kuripo, ndiko kunoita kuti vanhu vanzwe vachigamuchirwa zvishoma, zvichiita kuti vasanyanyoda kuchengetedza unhu hwavo hwetsika. Pasinei nezvipingamupinyi zvacho, vamwe vangazviona zviri nyore kusiya zvakaitika kare vonyatsotevedzera.
Kuti biculturalism ibudirire, nyika dzinofanirwa kutsigira nesimba. Izvi zvinoda kugadzirisa nyaya dzakaita serusaruraganda uye rusaruraganda, kuona kuti tsika dzakasiyana dzinopembererwa kwete kudzikisirwa.
Nzira dzekutsigira dzinofanirwa kuumbwa kudzivirira kusiyana kwetsika kubva pakuva zvipingamupinyi zvebudiriro. Iyi nzira haingobatsiri chete kumufaro uye kugara zvakanaka kwevanhu asi inosimudzira tsika dzakasiyana uye dzinopfumisa pamwero mukuru. Pakupedzisira, kugamuchira biculturalism nemaune kunogadzira nzanga umo vanhu vanobva kwakasiyana kwakasiyana vanogona kugarisana zvakanaka, vachisimudzira nharaunda ine hutano uye ine hukama.
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