Vadetembi vanoshandisa nhetembo dzakawanda munhetembo dzavo, senge nhetembo dziri mukati memitsetse, dzinenge nhetembo, nhetembo dzakafanana, uye nhetembo chaidzo. Vanouya nenzira dzakasiyana dzekuita kuti mazwi aite zvakafanana. Imwe nzira yavanoita nayo izvi ndeyokutevera patani apo mamwe manzwi anodzokororwa kumagumo emitsetse. Iyi pateni yemanzwi inonzi rhyme scheme.
Kune boka remhando dzerhyme kunze uko: mamwe rhymes anonzwika zvakafanana, nepo mamwe akafanana chaizvo. Vadetembi vanogadzira nemavhawero kana makonzonendi anofambirana panoperera mitsetse. Zvakafanana nekugadzira kodhi yakavanzika yemanzwi akafanana anoita kuti nhetembo inzwe yakabatana uye ichiimba. Somuenzaniso, kana mutsetse mumwe uchipera nezwi rinoita sekuti “katsi,” mutsetse unotevera unogona kupera neshoko rinoita se“chiremwaremwa.”
Zvirongwa zvenhetembo zvakaita sepurani inoratidza kuti ndeipi mitsara mudetembo inofanira kuva nemanzwi anoenderana. Vanobatsira vananyanduri kuronga mazwi avo uye kupa mutinhimira wenhetembo. Zvakafanana nemepu yemugwagwa inotungamira manzwi emashoko munhetembo, zvichiita kuti inakidze uye inakidze kuverenga zvinonzwika.
Chii chinonzi Rhyme Schemes muNhetembo
Munhetembo, hurongwa hwenhetembo hwakafanana nemutinhimira wemumhanzi unodzokorora kumagumo emitsara kana nhanho. Mutauro wemanzwi unoshandiswa nanyanduri kugadzira mutinhimira uye mutinhimira mundima dzavo. Zvirongwa izvi zvinogona kusiyana, zvichichinja kubva mumutsara kuenda kumutsara kana stanza kuenda kustanza, kana kuti zvinogona kuramba zvakamira mudetembo rose.
Zvirongwa zverhyme zvinowanzowanikwa mundima yepamutemo, inonamira kumita yakaomesesa - chimiro chakananga chezvinyaudzo zvakasimbiswa uye zvisina kusimbiswa zvinoita kuti nhetembo irambe ichiyerera zvakanaka. Aya marongero anomiririrwa nemabhii earufabheti, bhii rimwe nerimwe richiratidza patani yenzwi. Semuyenzaniso, kana nhetembo ichitevera chirongwa chenhetembo yeABAB, inoreva mitsara yekutanga neyechitatu rhyme (inoratidzwa na“A”), uye mutsetse wechipiri newechina rhyme (inoratidzwa na“B”).
Mavara aya anotibatsira kuona kuti manzwi anobatana sei mudetembo rose. Zvakafanana nekodhi yakavanzika inoratidza kuti ndeapi mitsara inogovera manzwi akafanana. Kunzwisisa zvirongwa zvenhetembo kunogona kudzamisa kukoshesa kwedu mumhanzi nemaumbirwo ari mukati menhetembo, zvichiita kuti tikwanise kuvhura runako rwakarukwa mundima dzayo.
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8 Rhyme Schemes muNhetembo
Nhetembo hadzidi nguva dzose kuomerera kumitemo yakafanana yekuridza mutinhimira. Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekugadzira mapatani uchishandisa rhyme dzakasiyana mudetembo. Dzimwe nhetembo dzine mitemo yakanangana nenhetembo uye nhamba yemitsara yaanofanira kuva nayo.
Mumwe muenzaniso ndeye Shakespearean sonnet. Imhando yenhetembo ine mitsara gumi nemina yakakamurwa kuita nhanho nhatu dzemitsara mina imwe neimwe, ichiteverwa neyekupedzisira mitsetse miviri. Mune soneti yeShakespearean, chirongwa cherhyme chinotevera ABAB CDCD EFEF GG. Iyi pateni ndiyo inoita kuti Shakespearean sonnet ive yakasiyana.
Kunze kweiyo Shakespearean sonnet, kune zvimwe zvakawanda zvakajairika rhyme zvirongwa munhetembo. Zvimwe zvacho zvinosanganisira:
1. Alternate Ryme
Mumhando yenhetembo inonzi alternate rhyme, mitsara yekutanga neyechitatu ine rhyme, uye mutsara wechipiri newechina une rhyme zvakare. Izvi zvinotevera patani: mitsara yekutanga neyechitatu rhyme (ngatidaidze iyo A), uye yechipiri neyechina mitsara ine mutinhimira wakasiyana (ngatidaidzei B). Rudzi rwechirongwa chenhetembo urwu runowanikwa munhetembo dzine mitsetse mina muboka rega rega.
Somuenzaniso, in Nhetembo yaHenry Wadsworth Longfellow "Pisarema reHupenyu," pane chikamu chinoenda seizvi:
"Usati hupenyu ingori rwiyo runosuruvarisa, / Kana hope dzisina chinhu dzatinorota kwenguva refu! / Mweya unorara wakafanana neguva, / Zvinhu hazvisi nguva dzose sezvazvinokarira.”
Rudzi urwu rwenhetembo inobatsira kuronga maumbirwo enhetembo uye inogona kuwedzera kuyerera kwemimhanzi kumazwi. Zvakafanana nekugadzira patani yemanzwi anodzokorora mune imwe nhevedzano mudetembo rose, zvichiita kuti rinzwike zvine mutinhimira uye zvine mwero. Longfellow akashandisa nzira iyi munhetembo yake kuburitsa shoko pamusoro pezvinoreva upenyu uye kukosha kwekuramba wakamuka uye uchishanda pane kungodzungaira nehupenyu.
2. Ballade
Ballade imhando yenhetembo ine patani chaiyo yenhetembo: ABABBCBC. Kazhinji, ine mitsara mitatu, imwe neimwe iine mitsetse misere, uye inopera nemitsara mina. Muchikamu chimwe nechimwe, mutsara wekupedzisira unodzokororwa, unonzi refrain.
Imwe yakakurumbira ballade ndeye Andrew Lang's "Ballade yeOptimist.” Munhetembo iyi, Lang anotaura nezvekuti dzimwe nguva, pazuva rinodziya rezhizha, vanhu vanotiza sei kubva mumatambudziko avo nenhamo. Vanofamba-famba pedyo nerukova rune rugare. Munguva idzi, vanokanganwa nezvematambudziko ekukwegura uye mitoro inokonzera kukuvadza. Panzvimbo pezvo, vanonyura murunako rwomusikirwo, vachinzwa kunzwa kwokugutsikana.
Lang anorondedzera kukomberedzwa nezvirimwa semutsvairo pamusoro pechikomo, kuwana nyaradzo nomufaro mukupfava kwoupenyu. Shoko rinotaurwa nderokuti panguva dzakadai, vanhu vangada kurarama upenyu, nezvinofadza kana kuti nenhamo, pane kusatombosangana nahwo.
Rudzi urwu rwenhetembo, nechimiro chayo chinodzokororwa uye matauriro epamwoyo, anotora pfungwa yekuti mukati mematambudziko ehupenyu, pane nguva dzerunyararo nerufaro zvakakosha kukosheswa.
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3. Coupled Rhyme
Rhyme inobatanidzwa kana mitsetse miviri munhetembo inoungana pamwechete. Zvakafanana nemitsara miviri apo mazwi ekupedzisira anonzwika zvakafanana, sekuti "ona" uye "iwe" mu. Sonnet yaShakespeare 18. Rudzi rwerhyme urwu runowanzo kuuya nepateni, apo mitsara miviri ine rhyme, ichiteverwa nemimwe mitsetse miviri ine rhyme kune mumwe nemumwe zvakare. Inonzi AA BB CC kana yakafanana mhando yerhyming pateni.
Shakespeare, nyanduri ane mukurumbira, akashandisa rudzi urwu rwenhetembo mumasoneti ake. Paunenge uchiverenga nhetembo dzake, unoona kuti dzimwe dzinopera nemitsara miviri ine nhetembo, semuenzaniso unobva kuSonnet 18. Musonnet iyoyo, mitsetse miviri yekupedzisira inogadzira rhyming couplet, ichipa pfungwa yekupedzisa kana pfungwa yekupedzisira nhetembo. Vanhu vachiri kunakidzwa nenhetembo dzaShakespeare nhasi nekuti vanoita kuti nhetembo dzinzwike mumhanzi uye dzakakwana. Zvakafanana nepikicha diki apo mazwi ekupedzisira anopindirana uye kuita kuti nhetembo inzwe yapera.
4. Monorhyme
Monorimu (monorhyme) kana mutsara wega wega uri muchikamu kana nhetembo yose uine rhyme yekugumisa yakafanana. Tora Nhetembo yaWilliam Blake "Chinyarara, Chinyararire Husiku” semuenzaniso. Munhetembo iyi, mutsara wega wega unopera nemazwi ane mutinhimira wekuti “husiku”.
Munhetembo yaBlake, anotaura nezvekuti husiku hwakanyarara hunofanira kubudisa sei mazhenje ayo akajeka. Anotaura kuti mukati mezuva, mweya mizhinji inodzungaira uye inonyengera sei nguva dzinofadza. Blake anobvunza kuti sei mufaro uchiwanzouya nekunyengera kana kusanganiswa nekusuwa.
Anokarakadza kuti mufaro wechokwadi unozviparadza umene kana wakavhenganiswa nezvitarisiko zvenhema, achiuenzanisa nenyowani kana kuti mukadzi akavanzika. Zvikurukuru, iye anorangarira rudzi rwomufaro, kutendeseka, uye nzira dzaunogona kuderedzwa kana kuti kuparadzwa.
Rudzi rwenhetembo urwu, nerhyme rwarwo runodzokororwa, runogona kugadzira mutinhimira wakasimba uye kusimbisa mamwe mazano kana manzwiro. Kushandiswa kwaBlake kwe monorhyme mu "Silent, Silent Night" kunobatsira kuratidza kudzika kwemafungiro ake pamusoro pekuoma kwemufaro uye kuvimbika kwayo.
5. Yakavharirwa Rhyme
Sonnet VII, yakanyorwa naJohn Milton, inotevera imwe rhyme chirongwa chinonzi "yakavharirwa rhyme." Iyi pateni, inozivikanwa seABBA, inosanganisira mitsara yekutanga neyechina inorira mumwe nemumwe, pamwe neyechipiri neyechitatu mitsara inorira pamwechete. Muchigadziro ichi, A-mitsetse inovhara iyo B-mitsara.
Musonnet iyi, Milton anofunga nezvekufamba kwenguva uye kuti zvakamutorera sei chinyararire gore rake remakumi maviri nematatu rehupenyu. Anoona kumhanya kunoita mazuva ake, achifambira mberi nekukurumidza. Zvisinei nekumhanya uku, anochema-chema kuti nhanho yake yazvino muhupenyu, senge mukupera kwechirimo, hairatidze chero zviratidzo zvekutungira kana kutumbuka. Pane pfungwa yekurasikirwa kana kushaikwa mukukura uye vibrancy zvinowanzoenderana neiyo nhanho.
Kufunga kwaMilton pamusoro pekufamba kwenguva uye zvazvinoita pakufambira mberi kweupenyu hwake zvinomutsa manzwiro ehujaya hunokurumidza kupera uye kusavapo kwezvinhu zvinotarisirwa muchikamu chake chazvino. Kushandiswa kwechirongwa chenhetembo chakavharirwa musonnet iyi kunosimbisa manzwiro aya nekugadzira mitsetse yenhetembo nenzira chaiyo, yakarukwa zvakasimba inotsinhira madingindira ekufamba kwenguva nezvinotarisirwa zvisina kuzadzikiswa.
6. Nyore Ina-Mutsetse Rhyme
Munhetembo pfupi iyi zvishoma kubva mudetembo refu raSamuel Taylor Coleridge "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner," tinosangana nemutyairi wechikepe, Mufambisi. Anomisa mupfuuri obvunza chikonzero nei ari kumiswa, achicherechedza ndebvu refu dzepfumbu dzomunhu wacho uye maziso anopenya.
Nhetembo iyi chikamu cherimwe bhuku hombe rinonzi “The Rime of Ancient Mariner,” iro rinotaura nyaya kuburikidza nenhetembo. Ndezvemutyairi wechikepe akatarisana nezviitiko zvinoshamisa uye zvinotyisa mugungwa uye anomanikidzwa kugovera ngano yake nevamwe.
Kushandiswa kwechirongwa chenhetembo ABCB kunoreva kuti mutsetse wega wega wechipiri newechina muchikamu chimwe nechimwe uchaita rhythm pamwe chete, zvichiita kuti mutinhimira mudetembo rose. Ichi chidimbu chinogadzirisa chiitiko nekuunza asinganzwisisike Mariner, achimutsa kuda kuziva nezvezvinangwa zvake uye nyaya yaave kuda kutaura.
7. Katatu
“Ttatu” zvinoreva boka rakakosha remitsara mitatu mukati medetembo. Mitsetse iyi inodaidzwa kuti “tercet,” uye ine chimwe chinhu chinotonhorera chakafanana: yese inopera nemazwi ane rhyme.
Semuenzaniso, mudetembo raWilliam Shakespeare rinonzi "The Phoenix neTurtle," anoshandisa katatu kutaura chimwe chinhu chakadzika. Anonyora, "Chokwadi chingaratidzika, asi hachigone kuva, / Runako runozvikudza, asi 'haasi iye, / Chokwadi uye runako zvakavigwa."
Izvi zvinoreva kuti mashoko okupedzisira emumwe nomumwe wemitsara mitatu iyoyo—sakuti “iva,” “iye,” uye “iva”—anonzwika zvakafanana. Zvakafanana nekodhi yakavanzika yekuita kuti nhetembo ive yakanaka uye yakabatana.
Munhetembo yaShakespeare, ari kutaura nezve dzimwe pfungwa huru, achitaura kuti chokwadi uye runako hazvisi nguva dzose zvavanoita, uye zvakavanzwa kana kurasika. Imhando yezvisinganzwisisike uye inoita kuti ufunge nezve zvakadzama zvinhu kana iwe uchiverenga. Matatu, seaya akashandiswa naShakespeare, wedzera mhando yemimhanzi kudetembo uchisimbisa imwe pfungwa kana manzwiro.
8. Terza rima
Terza rima imhando yenhetembo yekuItaly. Inoumbwa nemapoka emitsara mitatu. Nemanyorerwo aya, mutsara wechipiri weboka rega rega une nhetembo nemitsara yekutanga neyekupedzisira yeboka rinotevera. Detembo rinopera nechikamu chemitsetse miviri apo mutsara wekupedzisira une nhetembo nemutsara wepakati weboka rechipiri kusvika kunekupedzisira. Ichi chimiro chinotevera pateni: ABA BCB CDC DED EE.
Mumwe muenzaniso wakakurumbira ndiPercy Shelley's "Ode to the West Wind." Munhetembo iyi, Shelley anotaura nezvesimba rine simba remhepo yematsutso. Anourondedzera semweya unosunda mashizha akafa semidzimu iri kutiza n’anga. Mhepo inotakura mbeu kunzvimbo yadzo yokuzororera yomuchando, kwainomirira kusvikira machirimo. Kana chirimo chasvika, chinodzorera upenyu kupasi nemabukira ane mavara ane mavara uye hwema hunonhuhwirira.
Shelley anofananidzira mhepo semweya wemusango uyo uri muparadzi uye muchengeti. Anodaidza simba iri kuti riteerere chikumbiro chake. Nhetembo inotaridza hunhu huviri hwemhepo, kugona kwayo kuunza kuparadzwa nekuvandudzwa kwenyika.
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