Muchinyorwa chino, takurukura nezve theatre yechiGiriki, zvinhu zvinomwe zvinobatsira kuvadzidzi, nezvimwe.
Tinofanira kubvuma pesvedzero yakanaka uye kurudziro yengwavaira dzekare dzechiGiriki uye kubatsira kwavo kuvaraidzo yemazuva ano. Mavambo enhamo yeGreek uye komedhi inodzokera kuzana ramakore rechitanhatu BCE.
Tisati tapinda mune zvakadzama, ngatitaure nezve theatre yeGreek uye matangiro enhamo yeGreece uye kusetsa.
Chii chinonzi Greek Theatre?
Isu tose tinoziva nhoroondo yekare yeGreece neGreek mythology. Pano, tinoda kunzwisisa kuti chii nezve uye nezvimwe.
Nhoroondo yemitambo yechiGiriki inotangira muzana remakore rechitanhatu BCE. Yakatanga muguta rekare reAtene muzana remakore rechitanhatu. Yakatanga nokuitwa kwemitambo yenhamo pamitambo yechitendero muAtene.
Theatre yeGreek yakafuridzira mhando yemitambo yemakodhi echiGiriki zvakare. Sezvo nguva ichifambira mberi, dambudziko rechiGiriki uye kutamba kwemakwikwi zvakave zvakakurumbira zvikuru. Dzakakurumbira zvekuti dzakaitwa mhiri kweMediterranean uye dzakapesvedzera dzidziso dzechiGiriki nedzeRoma.
Nekuda kwekukurumbira kusingaperi kwemadhirama maviri echiGiriki aya, basa revatambi vakuru vakaita saEuripides naAristophanes rakava hwaro hwemitambo yemitambo yemazuva ano. Parizvino, mitambo yemitambo yemazuva ano nevanyori vemitambo vanokurudzirwa nemabasa evarume vakuru ava.
Sophocles, Euripides naAristophanes vanogona kunge vaenda kare, asi basa ravo rinoramba riri kukurudzira kune vakawanda.
Mavambo Enhamo
Nyanzvi dzave dzichikakavadzana nezvekwakabva njodzi, uye kwave kune fungidziro dzakawanda kwazvo. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzakabatanidza mabviro enhamo kune yekutanga art fomu, asi chokwadi ndechekuti zvese zvinoramba zvisingaite.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, dzimwe nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti pane batano yakasimba pakati penhamo netsika dzinoitwa mukunamatwa kwaDionysus. Nyanzvi idzi dzinokarakadza chibayiro chembudzi kuna mwari wechiGiriki Dionysus, tsika yenziyo inozivikanwa setra-odia uye kupfeka masiki.
Nokuda kweizvi, Dionysus akava mwari wemitambo. Panewo imwe batano kuna Dionysus, inova miitiro yokunwa iyo yakatungamirira vanamati kurasikirwa nokudzora mirangariro yavo. Kubatana pakati pemitambo yekunwa uye munamati achirasikirwa nemanzwiro ezvese zvine chekuita nekuita nevatambi.
Kana mumwe munhu ari kutamba hunhu pachikuva, vanowanzotevedzera manzwiro, chimwe chinhu chakasiyana kubva kune yavo yakajairika.
Theatre yeGreek yakadzokera kumazuva ekare, nenjodzi huru dzakaita seEuripides, naAristophanes.
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Mavambo eMakodhi echiGiriki
Kwakatangira mitambo yemakomedhi yechiGiriki inodzokera kuzana ramakore rechitanhatu. Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzakaedza kutsvaga kwakabva mitambo yemakodhi echiGiriki, sezvaifungidzirwa kuti yakarasika munhoroondo yekare.
Zvisinei, nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti zvaiitwa nevarume vachitamba vatambi pachikuva uye vachitevedzera vamwe zvakatanga kare kare marekodhi asati anyorwa.
Zvinoenderana nenhoroondo, chiratidzo chekutanga chekutamba kwechiGreek comedy muchiGiriki chekare chinobva muhari. Kareko muzana remakore rechitanhatu BCE, mamwe mashongedzero aiwanzomiririra vatambi vakapfeka sevatambi, mabhiza, uye satyr.
Nhetembo dzaArchilochus naHipponax zvakare ndeimwe yekutanga sosi yechiGiriki museki mu6th uye 7th mazana emakore BCE. Zvinoenderana nekwakabva zvinhu, nhetembo dzeArchilochus neHipponax dzine zvinosetsa uye zvisina kuchena zvebonde.
Zvino, ngatitaurei nezve theatre yechiGreek uye nezvezvinomwe zvakakosha zvevadzidzi.
# 1. Nhoroondo
Sezvatakambotaura, maGreek theatre anodzokera kuzana ramakore rechitanhatu BCE, uye ndiyo nheyo yemitambo yekumadokero. Sekureva kwenyanzvi, mutambo wekare weGreek theatre wakatanga muna 6 BC. Wakatanga pamutambo wokuremekedza mwari wechiGiriki Dionysus, mwari wewaini nembereko.
Mitambo yemitambo yechiGiriki yaiitwa pamutambo weDionysus kwemazana emakore, uye yaitongawo nharaunda dzeMediterranean.
MuAtene, mutambo wekutamba weguta reDionysia waiitwa gore rega rega pakupera kwaKurume uye wakaenderera kwemazuva akati wandei. Mukati meiyi nhambo, mitambo yakaratidzwa kuvateereri vakawanda, uye wakanga uri zvose zviri zviviri mutambo worudzi noworudzidziso.
Guta reDionysia mutambo wekutamba unoonekwa sechiitiko chekutengesa uye kwete nharaunda. Mukuru wemagistrate weAtene ane mutoro wekuronga mutambo weguta reDionysia. Pamutambo wekutamba weGuta reDionysia, mibairo yakapihwa kune akati wandei akahwina vanyori vemitambo mukusetsa uye njodzi.
#2. Tamba uye Vanyori vemitambo
Muzana ramakore rechitanhatu BC, maive nevanyori vemitambo vakati wandei mumitambo yekare yeGreek, asi vanyori vatatu chete venhamo uye vanyori vaviri vekomedi vakatonga mutambo wekutamba. Tataura vamwe vevanyori vakuru ava mugwaro rino. Euripides, Sophocles naAristophanes mamwe emazita anozivikanwa pane rondedzero.
Munhamo yekare yechiGiriki, yaitongwa naAeschylus naEuripides. Nepo Aristophanes naMenander vaitonga museki wechiGiriki. Ngatisakanganwe tenzi wehuzivi pachake, Aristotle.
Aeschylus
Pakazara, Aeschylus akanyora nezve 70 kusvika 90 mitambo inosuruvarisa panguva yake. Nhasi, 7 chete yemitambo inosuruvarisa yakanyorwa naAeschylus iripo.
Aeschylus anowanzoonekwa sababa venjodzi uye basa rake rinoyemurwa zvakanyanya nevakawanda. Chimwe chezvakanyanya kuvandudzwa naAeschylus kwaive kuiswa kwemutambi wechipiri kuti agonese kunetsana kumeso. Iyo Agamemnon uye Prometheus Bound yaive zvakare rimwe reakakurumbira mabasa eAeschylus.
Sophocles
Sophocles akanyora mitambo inosuruvarisa inodarika zana nemakumi maviri uye akapawo zvakawanda kumitambo yechiGiriki. Akasuma mutambi wechitatu, achigadzira chiitiko chakaoma kunzwisisa pachikuva.
Rimwe remabasa ake akakurumbira raiva Oedipus, Mambo anozivikanwawo saOedipus Rex naMambo Oedipus. Basa rake rinosanganisira Antigone uye Electra. Vanyori vezvakaitika kare veTheatre vanoona Oedipus the King senjodzi yakakwana.
Euripides
Njodzi yekare yechiGiriki Euripides akanyora nezvenjodzi 95, uye 18 chete kana kuti 19 chete dziripo nhasi. Euripides akaderedza basa rekwaya mumitambo yake, uye aivewo nebasa guru.
Mamwe emabasa ake anosanganisira Bacchae, Medea uye Trojan Woman, anozivikanwawo seMukadzi weTroy.
Aristophanes
Aristophanes aive mumwe wevanyori vakuru vekomiki muAtene yekare. Akanyora nezve 40 comedies, uye 11 yacho iripo nhasi.
Mabasa ane mukurumbira aAristophanes anosanganisira Frog, Lysistrata, Cloud, Shiri, uye Wasps.
Menander
Menander akanyora anopfuura zana emitambo yemakomiki muzana ramakore rechina BC. Kubva pamabasa ake ose, Dyskolos chete anopona kusvikira nhasi.
Aristotle
Tichiri kukurukura nezvemitambo yechiGiriki uye zvinhu zvinomwe zvinobatsira kuvadzidzi. Asi, tichataura pamusoro pemuzivi mukuru wechiGiriki, Aristotle.
Aristotle aive muzivi wechiGiriki wekare uye mumwe wevafungi vakurusa vati vamboona nyika. Muzivi wechiGiriki anorangarirwa sababa wouzivi hwokuMadokero, uye nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinobvumirana nazvo.
Muzivi mukuru wechiGiriki akamboronga nzira yekunyora kunoshamisa. Zvinoenderana nekwakabva nyaya, Aristotle's Three Units akakurudzira chiitiko chemutambo chinoitika munzvimbo muzuva rimwe chete.
Iyi pfungwa yakataurwa nomuzivi mukuru wechiGiriki yaizivikanwa sezvibatanidzwa zvitatu zvenguva, nzvimbo, uye chiito.
#3.Theatre Architecture
Kazhinji, nzvimbo yekutamba yemitambo yekare yechiGiriki inoonekwa seyochestra. Iyi nzvimbo yekuita inotambanudzira nzvimbo yemamita makumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu mudhayamita.
Orchestra ishoko rechiGiriki riri nyore rinoreva nzvimbo yekutamba. Kubva ku "orkheisthai" zvinoreva kutamba uye "tra" iyo inoshandura nzvimbo.
Pamusoro pezvo, "scene" ishoko rechiGiriki rinobva pa "skene". Vatambi vemitambo vanochinja mapfekero avo nemasiki paorchestra.
Chiitiko chacho chinoshandiswawo pamitambo yakawanda. Semuenzaniso, skene inoshanda munzvimbo yemuchina unodzikisa uye unosimudza zvitunha nevamwari. Hazvizivikanwe kana skene yakashandiswa senzvimbo kana kwete.
Mitambo yakawanda muchiGiriki chekare yakaiswa pamberi peimba yamambo, temberi kana zvivakwa uko skene chimiro chaigona kukwana.
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#4. Vataridzi
MuAtene yekare, nzvimbo dzekunze dzemitambo yechiGiriki dzainzi amphitheatre. Kare muzana ramakore rechitanhatu BC, maGiriki ekare akadana amphitheatre "theatrons" kana "nzvimbo dzekuona".
MuchiGiriki chekare, mitambo yaiitirwa pasi pezvikomo, paine vaoni vanenge 15,000 20,000 kusvika kuXNUMX XNUMX. Kare ikako, vaoni vaigara pahuni, uye pane imwe nguva, vakagara pamatombo. Kugara kwacho kwainge kwakarongwa kuita semi-denderedzwa kuitira vaoni.
Kutamba pachikomo kunosimudzira inzwi remutambi sezvazviri uye kunoitawo kuti vaoni vanzwe vatambi mumitambo.
# 5. Kuita
Munguva yezana ramakore rechitanhatu BC, vatambi vese vaitamba mumitambo yechiGiriki vaive varume. Paivawo nevatambi vechikadzi mumitambo panguva iyoyo. MuchiGiriki chekare, vaimbi vaikwanisa kuita mabasa akawanda pazuva rimwe chete.
Panguva iyoyo, vatambi vaionekwa sevadiki kune vaiona nekuti vairidza mujinga megomo. Izvi zvinowanzoonekwa mumitambo yemazuva ano yekumadokero.
Kare ikako muzana ramakore rechitanhatu BC, mabasa ekutanga aive nezve mutambi uye korasi yevakadzi, iyo inoridzwawo nevarume. Zvikamu zvakati wandei zvaiwanikwa mumitambo iyi uye zvese zvaiitwa nemutambi.
Mutambi wekutanga mumitambo iyi aive mutambi anozivikanwa saThespis. Nekuda kweizvi, vatambi nhasi chimwe chinhu chinonzi thespians.
Kazhinji, korasi mumatambudziko ekare echiGiriki inoumbwa nevanhu vanosvika gumi nevashanu. Korasi inoitwa panguva imwe chete, asi dzimwe nguva inoparadzaniswa kuva maviri semi-chorus.
Mutungamiriri wekwaya, inova "choragos" yakataura mitsara yega. Mushure mechirevo chepakutanga kwemutambo, korasi inopinda pakarepo mu orchestra. Nhanganyaya inoramba iri pachikuva kusvika mutambo wapera.
#6. Mimhanzi uye Dhanzi
Muzana remakore rechitanhatu BC, mimhanzi yakanga yakakosha zvikuru mumitambo yekare yechiGiriki. Mimhanzi yaishandiswa muhurukuro chaidzo mumitambo uyewo panguva yemashoko ekwaya.
MuchiGiriki chekare, zvakanga zvakaoma kuparadzanisa mimhanzi nemashoko anotaurwa. Vanoshandisa mimhanzi kune yakakosha mhedzisiro uye zvimwe zvinangwa.
Vakashandisa zviridzwa zvemimhanzi kugadzira zvakakosha panguva dzemadhirama. Zvimwe zvezviridzwa zvinoshandiswa zvinosanganisira nyere nehwamanda.
Munguva iyoyo, kutamba mumitambo muchiGiriki chekare chairatidza mavara chaiwo, pamwe chete nemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu.
#7. Costume uye Mask
Mumitambo yemitambo yechiGiriki yekare, vatambi munjodzi vaipfeka masiki. Aya masikisi aigadzirwa nerineni, huni kana cork. Vatambi vanotamba zvinogutsa vaoni vakapfeka masiki aya.
Kwemakore, pane shanduko huru mune zvipfeko zveactor. Kunyange zvazvo vatambi muchiGiriki chekare vaipfeka nguo refu yakashongedzwa kusvika kumawere, kuita zvipfeko zvakasiyana nhasi.
MuchiGiriki chekare, shangu dzaivapo panguva iyoyo yaiva shangu yakapfava kana bhutsu yevatambi. Munzvimbo yemitambo yemazuva ano, pane zvakawanda zviripo zvevatambi.
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Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa paGreek Theatre- 7 Inobatsira Chokwadi kune Vadzidzi
Iyi inotevera mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa pamusoro pemitambo yechiGiriki.
Chii chinonzi Greek Theatre?
Giriki theatre inoonekwa senzira yekutamba. Ndiko uko vatambi vakati wandei nekwaya vanoita nhamo kana kusetsa zvichibva pamabasa evanyori vemitambo vekare vechiGiriki. Mamwe ezvinyorwa zvekare zvechiGiriki zvinosanganisira Euripides, Sophocles uye Aristophanes.
Ndiani Akasika Greek Theatre?
Mabviro emitambo yeGreek theatre inodzokera kuzana ramakore rechitanhatu BC. Zvakabva pamutambo wechitendero umo vanamati vaipfeka masiki uye vaimbira Dionysus.
Sekureva kwenyanzvi, Thespis ndiye mutambi wekutanga kutaura kune vateereri uyezve kuchinja zvipfeko pachikuva.
Ndeapi marudzi maviri eMitambo yechiGiriki?
Mumitambo yemitambo yechiGiriki yekare, njodzi uye kusetsa ndiyo yaive mitambo miviri yekutanga. Pamitambo yenhamo, vatambi vatatu nekwaya yevanhu gumi nevashanu vanoita nyaya kubva mungano dzechiGiriki.
Mitambo yemitambo yekare yechiGiriki yakapesvedzera varaidzo yazvino uno here?
Hungu, yakapesvedzera zvinoshamisa varaidzo yazvino uno munzira dzakasiana-siana. Mabhuku enjodzi dzekare dzechiGiriki akapesvedzera zvakanaka varaidzo nhasi.
mhedziso
Mitambo yemitambo yekare yechiGiriki yakapesvedzera zvakanaka varaidzo yemazuva ano. Mabasa evarume vakuru vakaita saEuripides, Sophocles, Aeschylus, Menander, naAristophanes anokurudzira vanhu vazhinji nhasi.
Mavambo engwavaira yechiGiriki ane chokuita nemiitiro yaiitwa mukunamatwa kwamwari wechiGiriki Dionysus. Komedhi yekare yeGreek yakatanga muzana ramakore rechitanhatu apo vaimbi vaipfeka semabhiza, vatambi uye satyr mumapfekero.
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