Hutongi hwejekerere inzira yekufambisa hurumende apo masimba anopatsanurwa pakati pemapazi akasiyana nevakuru. Pfungwa iyi ndeyekuita kuti hurumende ishande nemazvo kuburikidza nekuita kuti bazi rega rega ritarise rimwe basa. Nekudaro, muchokwadi, hutongi hunogona kukonzera kunonoka uye mamwe mapepa nekuti vakuru vakuru vazhinji vanofanirwa kuita sarudzo. Mumwe wemienzaniso yehutungamiriri ihurumende yeU.S., iyo ine madhipatimendi akawanda nemasangano, rimwe nerimwe richibata mabasa akasiyana. Chimwe chiitiko iSangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzapasi Pose, iro rine kurongwa kwakaoma kunzwisisa nenhengo dzakasiyana-siyana nemakomiti.
Chinangwa chehurumende ndechekushanda, asi zvinowanzokonzera kunonoka kuita sarudzo nekuda kwekubatanidzwa kwevakuru vakuru vakawanda. Zvisinei nezvinangwa zvehunyanzvi, iyo sisitimu inogona kutungamira kune red tepi uye zvipingamupinyi zvekutonga. Muchokwadi, nepo hutongi hune chinangwa chekugadzirisa hutongi, kuita kwayo kunoshanda dzimwe nguva kunokonzeresa kuti zvinhu zviitwe nekukurumidza.
Hunhu hwe Bureaucracy
Mune Weber's bureaucratic theory, hutongi hune akati wandei akakosha maficha.
- Chekutanga, ine chimiro chehierarchical, zvichireva kuti pane yakajeka cheni yekuraira nedanho rega rega rine mabasa chaiwo.
- Chechipiri, kune kupatsanurwa kwevashandi, uko basa rinogovaniswa pakati pemadhipatimendi akasiyana nevakuru, kuve nechokwadi chekuti munhu wega wega anoshanda mune imwe nzvimbo.
- Chechitatu, kune mitemo yakanyorwa nemirairo, inopa nhungamiro dzakajeka dzinofanirwa kutevedzwa.
- Chekupedzisira, kuita sarudzo kwepamutemo chinhu chakakosha, nesarudzo dziri kuitwa zvichitevera maitiro akatarwa, zvichisiya nzvimbo shoma yekuzvisarudzira.
Zvakanakira uye Zvakaipa zve Bureaucracy
Muhutongi hwakakodzera, mitemo yakajeka, ine musoro, uye haina kukanganiswa nehukama hwemunhu kana zvematongerwo enyika. Nekudaro, mahofisi chaiwo epasirese anowanzo kutadza pane iyi yakanaka, zvichitungamira kune zvese zvakanaka uye zvakaipa mhedzisiro.
Advantages:
Mahofisi ehurumende ane chimiro chakajeka, achivimbisa kuti mabasa anonyatsotsanangurwa. Iyi hierarchical setup inogonesa kutungamira manejimendi, ichibvumira kugadzirisa matambudziko nekukurumidza.
Hunhu husina hunhu hwehutongi, kunyangwe huchishoropodzwa, hunovimbisa kushandiswa kwakafanana kwemitemo, kudzivirira kusarurana kwakavakirwa pahukama hwemunhu. Ma Bureaucrats, kazhinji akadzidza, anodzidziswa kuita mabasa nguva dzose uye nekuremekedza. Ivo vanoita basa rakakosha mukuita mutemo nekupa data rakakosha kune vakasarudzwa mutemo.
payakaipira:
Bureaucracies inogona kunonoka kupindura uye kugadzirisa nekuda kwemitemo yakaoma. Kusachinja-chinja kunogona kukonzera kuvhiringidzika pakati pevashandi, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kunaka kwesevhisi. Iyo hierarchical chimiro inogona kutungamira kune zvisina kufanira pasi, kuderedza kubereka.
Pasina kutariswa kwakakodzera, vakuru vakuru vanogona kushandisa simba ravo kuti vawane pfuma yavo, kusanganisira kugamuchira chiokomuhomwe. Maitiro ehurumende, anowanzoshoropodzwa se "red tape," anogona kutora nguva uye kudhura, achitadzisa veruzhinji kuita zvakanaka.
Uyewo Verenga: 39 Kuzvimiririra Mienzaniso
Mienzaniso yeBusimende
1. Masayunivhesiti
Makunivhesiti masangano makuru anogona kuve akanyanya kurongeka sezvaanokura. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vane mitemo yakawanda uye maitiro akaoma. Vadzidzisi vanowanzonyunyuta kuti vanopedza nguva yakawandisa pamapepa uye kutevera mitemo, pane kudzidzisa. Chirevo chakaitwa neForbes chinoti vadzidzisi vanopedza kusvika 15% yezuva ravo pamabasa ekutonga.
Zvakare, mayunivhesiti anoshandisa mari yakawanda kushambadza kukwezva vadzidzi vakawanda, pane kuishandisa pakudzidzisa. Chirevo chimwe chete cheForbes chinoti pavadzidzisi vashanu voga voga, pane 5 vashandi vehurumende. Uye, zvinoshamisa, 2% yemari yese inoshandiswa nemayunivhesiti inoenda kune manejimendi, kwete kudzidzisa. Izvi zvinoitika nekuda kwemaitiro evatungamiriri vanomhanyisa yunivhesiti. Saka, iyo yunivhesiti inoshandisa yakawanda pamapepa uye kushambadzira pane kudzidzisa chaiko. Iri idambudziko iro vanhu vazhinji vari munyika yezvidzidzo vari kutaura nezvaro.
2. Mapurisa
Mauto emapurisa mumwe wemienzaniso yehutongi hwejekerere munyika yezvemitemo. Mapurisa anowanzozviwana ivo vachifamba kuburikidza nemitemo yakaoma nemirairo, zvichikonzera kuvhiringidzika uye kuvhiringidzika. Dambudziko iri rinonyanya kuoneka pakunzwisisa uye kushandisa kushandiswa kwesimba.
Semuenzaniso, kuUnited Kingdom, mapurisa anosungirwa kuzadza fomu refu remapeji gumi pese pavanoshandisa chisimba panhengo yeruzhinji. Kunyangwe mapepa aya angaita seanorema, anoshanda chinangwa chakakosha. Mauto emapurisa vanoda imwe nhanho yehutongi hwekugadzirisa macheki uye zviyero zvinogona kudzivirira kushandiswa zvisina kunaka kwesimba nevemutemo.
Tichifunga kuti mapurisa ndiro chete sangano revanhu rinotenderwa kushandisa mhirizhonga sechikamu chebasa ravo, zvakakosha kuve nekutarisa kwakawanda uye zviyero munzvimbo. Matanho aya akakosha kuti tive nechokwadi chekuzvidavirira uye kudzivirira chero kushandiswa zvisizvo kwesimba rinoshamisa rinoshandiswa nemapurisa.
3. Local Government
Mashandiro ehurumende yemunharaunda anopa mufananidzo wakajeka wezvirongwa zvehutongi zviri kuitika. Kana iwe uchida kuita mabasa akaita sekuwana mvumo yekupaka kana kuvaka imba nyowani, unofanirwa kufamba nematanho akati wandei uye kupedzisa mapepa akaongororwa nehurumende yeko.
Funga nezvemaitiro ekuvaka shedhi nyowani panzvimbo yako. Hurumende yemuno inoita ongororo kuti ive nechokwadi chekuyerera kwemvura, inoongorora kunaka kwezvinhu zvekuvakisa, inoongorora kuti magetsi anoenderana here, uye inotoona kana kuvakwa kwacho kuri panzvimbo inocherechedzwa nenharaunda. Pasinei nedziviriro idzi, kuwana mvumo inodiwa kunogona kuodza mwoyo, kazhinji kunosanganisira kumirira kwenguva refu.
Pamusoro pezvo, hurumende yemuno inopihwa basa rekuteedzera mirau ine chekuita nenzvimbo, kupaka, kutenderera, uye zvimwe zvinhu. Kunyange zvazvo nzira idzi dzichiita sedzakaoma kunzwisisa, dzinoshanda kuchengetedza kurongeka uye kutsigira mitemo munzanga. Naizvozvo, kunzwisisa uye kufambisa maitiro ehurumende yenzvimbo kwakakosha kana uchiita zviitiko zvakasiyana munharaunda.
Uyewo Verenga: 6 Ageism Mienzaniso
4. Mauto
Mauto ari pakati pemahofisi makuru epasirese, neChina's People's Liberation Army iri yechipiri pakukura mushure mehurumende yeUnited States, ichizvikudza nevashandi vanosvika mamirioni mazana maviri nemazana matatu. Mauto anoshanda semuenzaniso wepamusoro wehutongi nekuda kwechimiro chayo chakanyatsorongeka, chakadzorwa, uye chehutungamiriri.
Muuto reUnited States, hutongi hwakajeka huripo hune zvinzvimbo zvakasiyana zvevashandi vakanyoreswa, maofficial, nevakuru vemauto. Chinzvimbo chega chega chinoteera kune yayo yega yemitemo nemirau. Zvinonyanya kukosha, kukwidziridzwa mukati memauto kunowanzo kutevedzera hurongwa hwevakuru uye chigaro pane kuve zvichienderana nekukodzera. Nehurombo, nzira iyi inogona kutungamira mukumira uye kushaikwa kwekufunga kutsva.
Kazhinji, mauto anoshanda semahombe ehurumende masisitimu, anoratidzwa nehurongwa hwavo hwakarongeka uye kutevedzera mitemo. Iyo yekusimudzira sisitimu, ichivimba nehukuru pamusoro pekukodzera, inoisa matambudziko mukukurudzira hunyanzvi mukati memasangano aya.
5. Social Security Administration
The Social Security Administration (SSA) iboka guru rehurumende muUnited States uye mumwe wemienzaniso yehutongi. Inogadzirisa zvirongwa zvakaita seretirement, kuremara, uye mupukunyuki mabhenefiti. Iyo SSA inoshanda senge bureaucracy nekuti yakakura kwazvo uye ine mitemo yakawanda yekutevera.
Zvekuremara mabhenefiti kubva kuSSA, unofanirwa kuvapa mapepa. Aya mapepa anoratidza humbowo hwehurema hwako, nhoroondo yebasa, uye zvinyorwa zvekurapa. Kuwana mvumo yemabhenefiti kwakaoma, uye zvinotora nguva yakareba.
Saka, iyo SSA muenzaniso wakanaka wekuti masangano makuru ane mitemo yakawanda anogona sei kunonoka. Kana iwe uchida mabhenefiti ekuremara, unofanirwa kuve nemoyo murefu nekuti zvinotora nguva kuti uende nenzira yekubvumidzwa.
6. Kuwana Driver’s License
Kuwana rezinesi rekutyaira kunosanganisira kubata nevakuru, izvo zvinoreva kutevedzera nzira chaiyo yekutora rezinesi. Hazvisi nyore sekungopinda uchikumbira. Pane kudaro, iwe unofanirwa kupfuura nematanho akasiyana mukati meiyo bureaucratic system, senge kuwana mvumo kubva kune anoedza kutyaira uye dhipatimendi rekubhadhara. Iyi nzira inogona kutora nguva uye inosanganisira kubata nemapepa.
Kuti utore rezinesi rako rekutyaira, unofanirwa kutevedzera mirairo yakatarwa neiyo bureaucratic system. Izvi zvinosanganisira kupasa bvunzo dzekutyaira uye kuita mubhadharo unodiwa. Haisi nzira yekukurumidza; panzvimbo pezvo, zvinoda kushivirira uye kuwirirana nemiitiro yakagadzwa. Pakazere, kuwana rezenisi rekutyaira muenzaniso wekufambisa kuburikidza nehutungamiriri, apo matanho akasiyana-siyana uye kubvumidzwa kunobatanidzwa, zvichiita kuti ive yakarongeka uye yakadzorwa maitiro.
7. Health Insurance Payments
Kuva neinishuwarenzi yehutano kunoreva kubata nemapepa akawanda uye mitemo ichiita imwe yemienzaniso yehutongi. Kana iwe uchida kuti kambani yako yeinishuwarenzi ivhare mari yekurapa, iwe kazhinji unofanirwa kutevedzera mamwe matanho sekuwana mvumo pamberi kana kuenda nenzira yakaoma yekukumbira. Zvinogona kutsamwisa chaizvo, kunyanya kana usiri kunzwa zvakanaka.
Makambani einishuwarenzi anowanzo kuzvikudza pamusoro pekukurumidza kwavanoita zvichemo, kunzwisisa kuti vatengi vanogumburwa nemaitiro ese. Chinotariswa pano chiri pamusiyano uripo pakati pehutungamiri hwecapitalist, senge huri muhurongwa hweinishuwarenzi yehutano, nehutungamiri hwesocialist, zvichiratidza kuti hurongwa hwecapitalist hunoita kunge husina kunyatsoshanda.
Mumashoko akareruka, kana iwe uchirwara uye uchida inishuwarenzi yako yehutano kubhadhara chimwe chinhu, inogona kunge iri dambudziko nekuda kwemitemo yose uye matanho aunofanira kutevera. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti capitalist bureaucracy, inova mashandiro anoita inishuwarenzi yehutano, inowanzoonekwa seisina kunyatsoshanda kana ichienzaniswa nesocialist system.
8. Kutora Passport
Paunenge uchida kuwana pasipoti, iwe unofanirwa kuenda kuburikidza neiyo bureaucratic process. Izvi zvinoreva kuti unofanira kuita zvinhu zvishoma kuti zviitike. Kutanga, unofanira kuzadza mamwe mafomu. Zvadaro, unotumira mafomu aya kudhipatimendi rakakodzera. Mushure meizvozvo, iwe unofanirwa kuve nemoyo murefu uye kumirira kuti vagadzirise chikumbiro chako. Kuti uratidze kuti uri munhu waunozviti ndiwe, ungatofanirawo kuvapa mamwe magwaro.
Zvose izvi zvepasipoti hazviitike nokukurumidza. Zvinogona kutora mavhiki, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange mwedzi. Saka, kana uri kufunga nezvekufamba uye uchida pasipoti, ipfungwa yakanaka kutanga kuronga kare. Nenzira iyi, hauzove mukumhanyisa, uye zvese zvinogona kufamba mushe.
9. Kutenga Imba Yako
Paunosarudza kutenga imba, pane mamwe matanho aunofanira kutevera, uye dzimwe nguva, zvinogona kutora nguva nekuda kwemitemo yose uye mapepa, uye izvi zvinoita kuti ive imwe yemuenzaniso wehurumende. Kutanga, iwe unofanirwa kukumbira bhangi mvumo, asi ivo vanofanirwa kutevera mitemo yehurumende. Kuti uite izvi, iwe unofanirwa kuvaratidza boka remapepa sehumbowo hwemari yakawanda yaunoita uye kuti ndiwe ani.
Zvakare, hurumende yemuno inogona kukukumbira kuti uite mamwe matanho ekuwedzera, sekuwana mvumo yakakosha usati watanga kuvaka. Iyi nzira inogona kuita zvishoma uye inogona kunzwa sekuda kupfuura yakawanda tsvuku tepi. Zvakakosha kuve nemoyo murefu uye kuve nechokwadi kuti une zvese zvakarongeka kuitira kuti ugone kuenderera mberi nekutenga nekuvaka imba yako nyowani.
Uyewo Verenga: 6 Kushamwaridzana Mienzaniso
10. The Post System
Iyo mail system inogona kunetsa kunzwisisa nekuti ine mazinga akawanda, imwe neimwe ine mitemo yayo. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive imwe yemienzaniso yehutongi, zvichireva kuti inosanganisira akawanda ehurumende maitiro. Aya maitiro anogona kunonoka kutumirwa kwetsamba dzako. Tsamba yako inofanirwa kupinda munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekugadzirisa, uye padanho rega rega, pane mitemo inosarudza kana tsamba yacho ichigona kuenda kumberi.
Paunotumira tsamba, pane zvimwewo zvinhu zvekufunga nezvazvo. Unogona kubhadhara mitero kana mitero yemuganhu, inova mari yekutumira tsamba kuyambuka miganhu. Zviremera zvakare tarisa tsamba yako kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inoteedzera mitemo nezvehuremu uye chii chinogona kutumirwa. Pane zvinhu chaizvo zvinotenderwa kutumirwa, uye zvimwe zvinhu hazvibvumidzwe.
Nekuda kwemitemo yese iyi nematanho, iyo mail system inogona kusagara ichimhanya sezvatinoda kuti ive. Zvakafanana nemazai ayo mavara ako anofanira kufamba mauri, uye dzimwe nguva zvinotora nguva yakati rebei kuti vasvike kwavari kuenda. Saka, paunotumira tsamba, zvakakosha kuti uve nemoyo murefu uye unzwisise kuti kune maitiro akawanda aripo kuti uone kuti zvinhu zvose zvinotevera mazano akakodzera.
11. United Nations
United Nations (UN) isangano repasi rose rakaumbwa muna 1945 mushure meHondo Yenyika II uye ndeimwe yemienzaniso yakajairika yehutongi. Inosanganisira nyika dziri nhengo dzakabvuma kutevedzera mitemo yakanyorwa mugwaro iri. Chinangwa chikuru cheUN ndechekuchengetedza runyararo pasi rose. Pamusoro pezvo, ine chinangwa chekuchengetedza kodzero dzevanhu, kupa rubatsiro panguva yenjodzi, uye kutsigira budiriro inoenderera.
Funga nezveUN segadziriro huru yokutonga ine mativi akawanda, seSecurity Council, General Assembly, uye Secretariat. Inoshanda senge bureaucracy, zvinoreva kuti ine chimiro chakaoma uye yakatarwa mitemo yekutevera.
Kufambisa UN kunoda mari yakawanda. Gore rega rega, inoshandisa mari inopfuura mabhiriyoni 3.12 emadhora uye inoshandisa vanhu vanopfuura 40,000. Pasinei nemari inodiwa, UN inoita basa rakakosha kugadzirisa matambudziko epasi rose uye kukurudzira kubatana pakati penyika.
Leave a Reply