Kodi zizindikiro 14 zopumira, zizindikiro ndi mfundo m'Chingerezi ndi chiyani ndipo munthu angazigwiritse ntchito bwanji bwino?
Zizindikiro zopumira zimatha kuwonjezera kutsindika ndi kamvekedwe ka ziganizo zomwe tikulemba kapena zomwe tikufuna kulemba. Komabe, zingakhale zosangalatsa kudziwa kuti anthu ambiri, kuyambira olankhula Chingerezi mpaka omwe amalankhula ndi kulemba. chilankhulo chachingerezi monga chinenero chachilendo, sadziwa nthawi ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito zizindikiro.
Ngati muli m'gulu la anthu omwe amasokonezabe kugwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zopumira, musadandaule, si inu nokha. Anthu ambiri, ngakhale omwe amalankhula Chingerezi, komabe, zimawavuta kugwiritsa ntchito zilembo zolondola polemba ziganizo.
Kudziwa kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro chilichonse ndikofunikira ngati mukufuna dziwa kulemba kwako, kaya ndi prose kapena buku logulitsidwa kwambiri.
Kodi pali zizindikiro zonse 14 zopumira mu Chingerezi?
Pazonse, pali zizindikiro zopumira 14 zokha m'Chingerezi ndipo zonse zakambidwa m'nkhaniyi.
Zizindikiro zopumirazi ndi monga ma hyphens, zizindikiro zofunsa, mawu obwereza, koma, nthawi, ellipsis, colon, dash, bulaketi, mawu ofuula, semicolons, mabatani, mabatani, ndi apostrophes.
Ngati kupanga zinthu zomwe mumalemba kukhala zosavuta kuziponda ndi zomwe mukufuna, kapena mukufuna kuti zolemba zanu ziwoneke ngati zaukadaulo, ndikofunikira kuti mudziwe ndikumvetsetsa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito zizindikiro zopumirazi.
Zomwe muyenera kuchita ndikutenga botolo lachakumwa ndikuwerenga nkhaniyi mpaka kumapeto pomwe takambirana momwe mungadziwire zizindikiro zopumira ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito.
Kodi Zizindikiro 14 Zopuma Zomwe Zili ndi Zolemba ndi Chiyani?
Tikhoza kugawa zizindikiro m'magulu asanu, monga momwe tachitira pansipa. Izi zidzakuthandizani kumvetsetsa bwino nkhani ndi zochitika zomwe zizindikirozi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi momwe zimagwirizanirana.
- Zizindikiro zopumira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto kwa chiganizo: chilengezo, nthawi, funso,
- Colons, semicolons, koma,
- mizere ndi ma hyphens
- Makatani, Mabulaketi ndi Makabati
- Zizindikiro, ma ellipses ndi apostrophes.
Gulu lirilonse la zizindikiro pamwambapa lili ndi cholinga chake mu chiganizo kapena malemba. Ngakhale mungazindikire kusiyana pakati pa kalembedwe ka zilembo mu American ndi British English, apa taganiza zongoyang'ana pa zitsanzo zodziwika bwino m'malo moyesera kuzigawa kuti zikhale zosiyana.
Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane chizindikiro chilichonse chopumira komanso kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake.
Komanso Werengani: Momwe Mungalembere Nkhani ya Scholarship
Mndandanda wa Zizindikiro 14 Zopumira
- Koma (,)
- ZINTHU (-)
- Nthawi (.)
- Zolemba Zake (“)
- ELLIPSIS (…)
- CHIPEMBEDZO/MFUNDO (!)
- Funso Mark (?)
- Semicolon (;)
- DASH (-)
- Colon (:)
- ma rackets ([])
- Zingwe ({})
- Makolo (( ))
- Apostrophe (')
COMMA (,)
Koma comma imagwiritsidwa ntchito poika kupuma m'masentensi. Cholinga chachikulu cha kuika kupuma m’chiganizo chingakhale pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, monga kulekanitsa malingaliro, kusiyanitsa ziganizo, kapenanso kusintha kalembedwe ka chiganizo.
Koma monga chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zopumira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino mu Chingerezi zimakhala ndi ntchito zingapo. Koma makoma atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pama adilesi achindunji, mwachitsanzo:
- James, ndasangalala kwambiri kuti ndakuonanso.
Ngati muli ndi ziganizo ziwiri zathunthu zomwe mukufuna kuzilekanitsa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito koma kuti muchite zimenezo.
- Iye anapita ku tchalitchi, ndiyeno anatuluka kukalandira mamembala atsopanowo.
Komanso, mumagwiritsa ntchito Commas, ngati mukufuna kulemba zinthu mu sentensi.
- Amapita kokagula ndi kugula diresi, malaya awiri, nsapato, ndi buluku.
Mungafune kufunsa; comma splice ndi chiyani? Uku ndiko kugwiritsa ntchito koma m'malo mwa zolumikizira kulumikiza ndime ziwiri zosiyana. Mwachitsanzo:
- Yatsala pang'ono kupemphera, sindikufuna kupemphera.
- Ziganizo zisagwiritse ntchito koma, m'malo mwake:
- Yatsala pang'ono kupemphera. Ine sindikufuna kupemphera.
Oxford comma ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro zopumira zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatsutsana m'masukulu ndi m'Chingerezi, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri kumatengera zomwe anthu amakonda. The Comma ya Oxford ndi pamene comma yomaliza imayikidwa pa chinthu chomaliza pamndandanda. Mwachitsanzo:
- Amakonda zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, makeke, ndi pasitala.
ZINTHU (-)
Simufunikanso kusokoneza chizindikiro chopumirachi ndi mizera, hyphen imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mawu apawiri polumikiza mawu awiri kapena kuposa. M'munsimu talembapo mawu ena omwe ali ndi hyphenate.
- Pang'onopang'ono
- Apongozi akazi
- Ex-chibwenzi
Komanso Werengani: Kalata Yolimbikitsa Ntchito Yofunsira Ntchito Chitsanzo
NTHAWI (.)
Chizindikirochi chimaonedwa kuti ndi chizindikiro cholunjika kwambiri m'Chingelezi. Kuyimitsa kwathunthu kumatchedwa ndi anthu ndipo kumatanthawuza kutha kwa chiganizo. Chiganizo chathunthu chimatengedwa kuti ndi chokwanira komanso chofotokozera.
Pano takuwonetsani zitsanzo za kuyimitsidwa kwathunthu/nthawi kumapeto kwa chiganizo:
- Mkango ukuukira nkhosa.
Nkhani ina yomwe nthawi imagwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi pamene tikufuna kupanga chidule, monga kulemba mitu ya anthu ndi zina zotero.
M'munsimu muli zitsanzo za nthawi yomwe tingagwiritsire ntchito chizindikiro cha nthawi popanga zidule:
- Dr Josephine Akwatira Mr James.
- Mr Bassey. C. James adapita ku UK atakwatirana ndi Dr Chiamaka muukwati womwe anthu anali nawo bwino.
MZIMU OTHANDIZA (“)
Mawu ndi zina mwa zizindikiro zopumira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza mawu, mawu, kapena mawu olankhulidwa ndi ena.
Malinga ndi Zolemba.com, zizindikiro zogwira mawu zimagwiritsiridwa ntchito kaŵirikaŵiri poyambira ndi pomaliza mawu.
- Mark anati: “Sindimakonda zimenezo.
- Josephine adauza James kuti "adzafuna kukwatirana naye tsiku lina".
- Osasokonezedwa ndi mawu oti apostrophe, mawu amodzi ('') amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawu omwe ali mkati mwa mawu.
- Josephine anauza amayi ake kuti "James ndi mnyamata wabwino ndipo wasonyeza kuti 'akufuna kukwatira' ndisanabwerere kunyumba."
ELLIPSIS (…)
ellipsis ndi chizindikiro cholembera chomwe chimapangidwa ndi mipukutu itatu yogwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi kusonyeza kuchotsedwa kwa mawu kapena kalata.
Nthawi zambiri timagwiritsa ntchito ellipsis kudumpha kuchokera pa sentensi kapena chiganizo kupita kwina ndikusiya mawu osafunika. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito potchula munthu wina ndikusiya mawu osafunika.
Tapereka zitsanzo m'munsimu kuti zikuthandizeni kumvetsetsa bwino kalembedwe kameneka.
- Pamene kuli pakati pausiku, Hellen akuyamba kuwerengera pansi: "khumi, zisanu ndi zinayi, zisanu ndi zitatu..." ndipo mpira ukugwa.
- Pamene Yakobo ananena kuti, “Simungathe kukhala amene simungamuone…” anali kunena za mfundo yakuti muyenera kukhala ndi chithunzithunzi cha kumene mukupita m’moyo musanakafike kumeneko.
CHIPEMBEDZO/MFUNDO (!)
Chizindikiro chokweza, mfundo kapena chilemba, chilichonse chomwe mungafune kuchitcha ndi chimodzi mwamalemba omwe mungasankhe kugwiritsa ntchito kumapeto kwa chiganizo pamene chiganizocho chikuwonetsa mawu amphamvu amalingaliro. Mawu omwe akufunsidwa angakhale chilichonse kuchokera ku chisangalalo, chisangalalo, china chirichonse, kunyansidwa kapena mkwiyo.
Mawu okweza ndi zina mwa zizindikiro zopumira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsindika ziganizo.
Malinga ndi YourDictionary.com, mawu okweza angapangitsenso kuti chiganizo cha munthu chimveke mopanda pake kuposa mmene ankafunira.
Pansipa pali zina mwazinthu zomwe titha kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiritso:
- “Yang’anani msana wanu!” akukuwa.
- Ndine wokondwa kupita ku Museum mawa!
MZIMU WA FUNSO (?)
Funso limamalizanso chiganizo, koma limamaliza chiganizo ndi funso lachindunji. Nthawi zambiri, ziganizo za mafunso zimayamba ndi kuti, ndani, chifukwa chiyani, chiyani, motani, kapena liti
M'munsimu takambirana za malo ena ogwiritsira ntchito mafunso mu sentensi.
• Kodi mukufuna kudya mkate?
• N’chifukwa chiyani mumakonda kudya mpunga m’malo mwa nyemba?
Nthawi zambiri, ngati awerengedwa mokweza, zizindikiro za mafunso zimasonyezanso kusintha kwa kamvekedwe ka mawu, choncho dziwani izi.
SEMICOLON (;)
Mofanana ndi ma colon, semicolons amagwirizanitsa zigawo ziwiri zosiyana. Komabe, pamenepa, ziganizozo zimagwirizana kwambiri kuposa pamene coloni ikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo:
Ndili ndi kuyankhulana kwa ntchito mawa m'mawa; Sindingathe kupita kuphwando usikuuno.
Zigawo zonse ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'chiganizo pamwambapa ndizodziimira kuti zikhale ziganizo zawo, koma m'malo mwa nthawi, semicolon ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusonyeza kuti ziganizo ziwirizi sizili zosiyana koma zogwirizana wina ndi mzake mu chiganizo.
Chinthu china chocheperako chomwe ma semicolons amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mndandanda womwe umayenera kugwiritsa ntchito koma. Yang'anani pa:
- Tinapita ku London, ku England; Berlin, Germany; Lagos, Nigeria; ndi Athens, Greece.
DASH (-)
Pali mitundu iwiri yazizindikiro za m'mizere, zomwe zimasiyana kukula ndi cholinga.
En Dash: Nthawi zambiri zazifupi mu utali, mitsetse imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza masinthidwe, monga pakati pa manambala kapena madeti. Mwachitsanzo:
- Kampani yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi Bambo James ndi Dr. Josephine akazi awo idagwira ntchito kuyambira 2025-20125.
- Mchemwali wanga anakwera sitima ya Kano-Abuja usiku watha.
Mzere wa Em: Mzerewu ndi wautali pang'ono kuposa En dash ndipo nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa zizindikiro zina zopumira, monga ma commas, colon, kapena mabatani. Nachi chitsanzo:
- Yankho lake ku funso lomwe mphunzitsiyo anafunsa linali lomveka— Ayi!
COLON (:)
Pali zochitika zazikulu zitatu zomwe ma coloni amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Imodzi mwa nkhani zake ndi pamene tikufuna kutchula chinthu, monga kufotokozera, mawu, chitsanzo, kapena mndandanda.
- Mlongo wanga adatenga ma electives anayi semester yapitayi: Marketing, Computer Programming, Nutrition and Computer math.
Colon ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kugwirizanitsa ndime ziwiri zosiyana ngati ndime yachiwiri ikufotokozera kapena kumaliza yoyamba. Mwachitsanzo:
- Alibe nthawi yoti awononge: nthawi yatha.
- Pomaliza, ma colon amatha kuwonetsa mutu wa sentensi:
- Ndimadana ndi mphunzitsi m'modzi pasukulu iyi: Mphunzitsi wa Masamu.
MABAKA ([ ])
Mabulaketi ndi zina mwa zizindikilo zopumira m'Chingerezi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pofotokozera zinthu, mawu aukadaulo kapena kufotokozera zinthu. Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kumveketsa nkhani potchula munthu wina kapena lemba. Mwachitsanzo:
- Iye [Mr. James] anavomera kutenga mnyamatayo kuti akhale wake.
- Josephine anati “[Chilimwe] ndi nthaŵi imene ndimakonda kwambiri chaka.”
MABAKA ({})
Pokhapokha ngati mukulemba masamu kapena zolemba zaukadaulo, ndizokayikitsa kuti mudzafunika kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zopindika pafupipafupi. Komabe, ndibwino kudziwa izi kuti musagwiritse ntchito mwangozi pomwe mukuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mabatani. Timagwiritsa ntchito ma Braces makamaka tikalemba opareshoni:
- 7{8x+[63+9]}=xy
MAKOLO (( ))
Mabokosi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apereke zambiri kapena zambiri kapena ngati nkhani.
Makolo nthawi zina amatha kusinthidwa ndi koma, ndipo chiganizocho chimakhalabe ndi tanthauzo lake lomwelo. Nachi chitsanzo:
• Josephine (mkazi wa James) amakonda kudya Mkate.
APOSTROPHE (')
Apostrophe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusonyeza kuti chilembo chimodzi kapena zingapo zasiyidwa, komanso kusonyeza kukhala nacho kapena chidule. Apostrophe ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchulukitsa zilembo zazing'ono.
M'munsimu tasonyeza zina mwa zitsanzo zomwe apostrophes angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Malinga ndi Zolemba.com, mawu opangidwa m’ziganizo kuchokera m’malo mwa zilembo zina amatchedwa kukomoka.
- Takhala tikukhala ndi chakudya 2 patsiku sabata yatha, ndipo zakhala zovuta.
- Zonse zomwe zatsalira Jane ndi Maria kuchita ndikukwatilana popeza apeza kuti adapangirana.
Kutsiliza
Tsopano popeza takuthandizani kudziwa zambiri za zizindikiro 14 zopumira ndi momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito bwino polemba ziganizo zanu, zidzakuthandizani kulemba bwino nthawi ina mukadzayesa kulemba.
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