Inā kānalua ʻoe i ka mea e hoʻokaʻawale ai i nā kaulahao meaʻai mai nā pūnaewele meaʻai, ʻaʻole ʻoe wale nō. Mai hopohopo, eia mākou e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā mea no ʻoe. E hoʻokaʻawale kākou i nā kumu o nā kaulahao meaʻai a me nā pūnaewele meaʻai ma nā ʻōlelo maʻalahi. He mea nui kēia mau manaʻo no ka poʻe ʻepekema i ko lākou wehe ʻana i ka pilina paʻakikī ma waena o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona i loko o kahi kaiaola.
ʻO ke kaulahao meaʻai e like me ka moʻolelo e pili ana i ka mea nāna e ʻai ma ka laina pololei. E kiʻi i kahi liona e ʻai ana i ka zebra, a loaʻa iā ʻoe ka manaʻo. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ʻoi aku ka like o ka pūnaewele meaʻai me kahi pūnaewele paʻakikī o nā moʻolelo pili. Hōʻike ia i nā pilina ma waena o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona i loko o kahi kaiaola, e hōʻike ana i nā pilina paʻakikī e mālama i ke ola.
Ma ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau manaʻo, loaʻa i ka poʻe ecologists nā ʻike koʻikoʻi i ke ʻano o ka hilinaʻi ʻana o nā ʻano like ʻole i kekahi i kekahi no ke ola. No laila, e luʻu kākou i loko o ka honua o nā kaulahao meaʻai a me nā punawelewele meaʻai e hoʻokaʻawale i ke kuleana o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona i loko o ko kākou kaiaola.
He aha ka meaʻai?
Ua like ke kaulahao meaʻai me kahi laina e hōʻike ana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka ikehu mai kekahi mea ola a i kekahi ma ke ʻano. Hoʻomaka ia me ka ikehu mai ka lā. A laila, hele kēia ikehu ma nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, kekahi ma hope o kekahi.
Eia kekahi laʻana, e nānā kākou i kahi kaulahao meaʻai maʻalahi: Lā → Mauu → Zebra → Lion. Hāʻawi ka lā i ka ikehu i ka mauʻu, i ʻai ʻia e ka zebra. A laila, ʻai ka liona i ka zebra.
Aʻo mai nā kaulahao meaʻai iā mākou pehea e loaʻa ai i nā mea ola a pau ka ikehu mai ka meaʻai. Hōʻike pū lākou i ka hele ʻana o nā meaʻai mai kekahi ʻano a i kekahi ma ke kaulahao.
I kēia manawa, e noʻonoʻo i kahi kaulahao meaʻai paʻakikī: Lā → Mauʻu → ʻūpepa → Iole → Snake → Hawk. Ma kēia kaulahao, ʻai ka ʻūhini i ka mauʻu, ʻai ka ʻiole i ka ʻūhini, ʻai ka nahesa i ka ʻiole, a ʻo ka hope, ʻai ka hawk i ka nahesa.
No laila, kōkua nā kaulahao meaʻai iā mākou e hoʻomaopopo i ke kahe ʻana o ka ikehu a me nā meaʻai nā kaiaolaola, mai nā mea kanu a hiki i nā holoholona, nui a liʻiliʻi.
Nā pae Trophic i loko o kahi kaulahao meaʻai
I loko o kahi kaiaola, ua hui pū ʻia nā mea ola a pau i nā pae like ʻole i kapa ʻia nā pae trophic. Kōkua kēia mau pae i ka poʻe ʻepekema e aʻo a hoʻomaopopo i nā kuleana kikoʻī o nā mea ola i loko o kahi kaiaola. E nānā kākou i kēlā me kēia pae trophic ma kahi kaulahao meaʻai.
1. Na Mea Hana
I loko o nā kaiaola, noho ʻia ka pae mua e nā mea hana. Kapa ʻia kēia mau mea ola he mea hana no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke hana i kā lākou meaʻai ponoʻī. ʻAʻole like me nā mea ola ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole lākou hilinaʻi i kekahi no ko lākou ikaika.
Hoʻohana nui nā mea hana i ka ikehu o ka Lā ma kahi kaʻina i kapa ʻia ʻo photosynthesis e hana i ko lākou ikehu a me nā meaʻai. Hāʻule nā mea kanu i kēia ʻāpana, e like me nā algae, phytoplankton, a me kekahi ʻano ʻaʻano bacteria.
He kuleana koʻikoʻi kēia mau mea i ka mālama ʻana i ke koena o ka ikehu i loko o kahi kaiaola, e lilo ana i kumu no ke koena o ke kaulahao meaʻai. ʻO ko lākou hiki ke hana kūʻokoʻa i kā lākou meaʻai e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou ma ke ʻano he mea kōkua nui i ke olakino holoʻokoʻa a me ka hana o ka kaiaola.
2. Ka poe kuai
ʻO nā mea kūʻai aku i ke kaulahao meaʻai
He kuleana koʻikoʻi nā mea kūʻai aku i ke kaulahao meaʻai, e hōʻike ana i ka pae trophic aʻe ma hope o nā mea hana. ʻEkolu ʻano nui o nā mea kūʻai: herbivores, carnivores, a me omnivores.
- Nā mea kanu lāʻau: ʻO kēia nā mea kūʻai mua e hoʻopau wale i nā mea kanu. ʻO nā laʻana, ʻo ia nō ka dia, nā lapiti, nā lio, nā bipi, nā hipa, a me nā mea ʻokoʻa like ʻole. Hiki i nā herbivores ke ʻai i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o nā mea kanu, e like me nā lau, nā lālā, nā hua, nā hua, nā nati, ka mauʻu, nā pua, nā aʻa, a i ʻole pollen.
- Kanivore: ʻO ka carnivores nā mea kūʻai aku e hānai wale ana i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā laʻana o nā mea ʻai ʻai, ʻo ia hoʻi nā pōpoki, nā hawks, nā manō, nā rana, nā pueo, a me nā nalu.
- Omnivores: He meaʻai nā Omnivores e pili ana i nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona. ʻO nā bea, nā kānaka, nā raccoons, nā primates, a me nā manu he nui i manaʻo ʻia he omnivores.
Ke piʻi nei nā mea kūʻai i ke kaulahao meaʻai, puka mai nā pae like ʻole. ʻAi nā mea kūʻai mua, e like me nā herbivores, i nā mea kanu wale nō, ʻoiai nā mea kūʻai lua e hopu i nā mea kūʻai aku. Ma kahi laʻana, ʻo ka ʻiole ka mea kūʻai lua, a ʻai nā mea kūʻai kula kiʻekiʻe i nā mea kūʻai lua - e like me ka snake i ka laʻana.
Hoʻopau ke kaulahao meaʻai i ka piko predator, e noho ana ma luna. Ma ka laʻana i hāʻawi ʻia, ʻo ka hawk ka piko predator. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe o nā mea ʻaihue kiʻekiʻe ma nā ʻano kaiaola like ʻole he liona, bobcats, liona mauna, a me nā manō keʻokeʻo nui. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā kuleana o nā mea kūʻai aku e kōkua i ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana i ka pūnaewele paʻakikī o nā pilina i loko o nā kaiaola.
3. Nā mea hoʻoheheʻe
He kuleana koʻikoʻi nā decomposers ma ke ʻano he loulou hope loa i ke kaulahao meaʻai. ʻO kēia mau mea ola kino, ka nui o ka bacteria a me nā haʻi, e ulu ana i ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea palaho e like me nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona i make. I ko lākou hānai ʻana, wāwahi nā mea hoʻoheheʻe i kēia mau mea a hoʻololi iā lākou i lepo momona. Pono kēia kaʻina hana no ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana i nā meaʻai i loko o ke kaiapuni.
ʻO ka lepo momona momona i hana ʻia e nā mea hoʻoheheʻe e lilo i kumu waiwai no nā mea kanu. Hoʻopili nā mea kanu i kēia mau meaʻai e hana i kā lākou meaʻai ponoʻī ma o photosynthesis, e hoʻomaka ana i kahi pōʻai hou o ke kaulahao meaʻai. ʻO ka mea nui, hana nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ma ke ʻano he hui hoʻomaʻemaʻe kūlohelohe, hana hou i nā koena o nā mea ola hoʻokahi i mau kumuwaiwai waiwai e hoʻomau i ke kaʻina ola e mau nei i loko o nā kaiaola.
Ma nā ʻōlelo maʻalahi, kōkua nā mea hoʻoheheʻe i ka mālama ʻana i ke koena o ke ʻano ma o ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka ʻōpala i mau meaʻai pono no nā mea kanu, e hana ana i kahi pōʻai hoʻomau e kākoʻo ana i ke ola ʻana o nā mea ola like ʻole i ka kaiaola.
He aha ka Pūnaewele Meaʻai?
Ua like nā pūnaewele meaʻai me ke kiʻi nui o ka mea ʻai i ka mea ma kekahi wahi. Ma kahi o ka hōʻike ʻana i kahi laina maʻalahi mai ka lā a i nā mea kanu i nā holoholona, hōʻike lākou i ka pili ʻana o nā mea ola a pau o kahi wahi. E noʻonoʻo ʻoe he pūnaewele nunui me nā lola he nui - hōʻike kēlā me kēia milo i ke ala ʻokoʻa e loaʻa ai i nā holoholona kā lākou meaʻai.
Ma nā ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ka pūnaewele meaʻai he pūʻulu o nā kaulahao meaʻai pili. Hōʻike kēia mau kaulahao iā mākou e pili ana i ka pilina ma waena o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole ma a kaiapuni kiko'ī. Ma ka nānā ʻana i kahi pūnaewele meaʻai, hiki i nā kānaka ʻepekema ke hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano o nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu like ʻole i hilinaʻi kekahi i kekahi no ke ola. Ua like ia me ka ʻike ʻana i ka puʻupuʻu paʻakikī o ke ola ma ke ʻano.
No laila, ma kahi o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ke ʻano he laina pololei, e kiʻi iā ia ma ke ʻano he pūnaewele paʻakikī kahi e hilinaʻi ai nā mea a pau. Kōkua nā pūnaewele meaʻai iā mākou e ʻike i nā pilina kupaianaha ma waena o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona, e hōʻike ana i ke koena palupalu o ke ola i loko o kā mākou kaiaola.
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