Fiat mari ndeye mari iyo hurumende inogadzira uye inotsigira. Inosanganisira mari huru inoburitswa nehurumende, senge dhora kana euro. Zvakare, chero mari inogadzirwa nemabhangi ekutengesa uye kushandisa inonzi fiat mari. Saka, kana hurumende ikaunza mari itsva kana mabhanga achiburitsa mari yavo, inowira muchikamu chefiat currency.
Rudzi urwu rwemari haruna ukoshi hwekuzvarwa segoridhe kana sirivha; pachinzvimbo, kukosha kwayo kunobva pakuvimba uye kuvimba nevanhu muhurumende kana hurongwa hwemari.
Mumashoko akajeka, paunoshandisa mari yepepa kana mari iyo hurumende kana mabhangi inopa, uri kushandisa fiat currency. Ndiyo mhando yemari yatinowanzo shandisa mazuva ese kutenga zvinhu nekutengesa, asi zvakakosha kuti tizive kuti kukosha kwayo kwakabatana nekugadzikana uye kuvimbika kwehurumende kana masangano emari.
Chii chinonzi Fiat Currency?
Fiat currency imhando yemari isina kukosha kwenyama segoridhe kana sirivha. Pane kudaro, inowana kukosha kwayo nokuti hurumende inoitsigira uye inoidzora. Mienzaniso yemari yefiat inosanganisira US dollars, euros, uye British pounds.
Pane imwe mari inonzi commodity money, kana mari inomiririra. Muhurongwa uhu, kukosha kwemari kunobatanidzwa nechinhu chemuviri, segoridhe. Semuenzaniso, chiyero chegoridhe chinosungira huwandu hwegoridhe huripo kune kukosha kwedhora. Kana paine goridhe rakawanda, kukosha kwedhora kunogona kukwira.
Saka, mumashoko akapfava, fiat money imari inonzi nehurumende yakakosha, ukuwo mari yezvinhu ichitsigirwa nechimwe chinhu chaicho, segoridhe. Mari yatinoshandisa mazuva ese, semadhora nemaeuro, inowanzova mari yefiat.
Uyewo Verenga: 10 Economic Capital Mienzaniso
Nhoroondo yeFiat Mari muUS
Dhora rekuAmerica imari yakakosha. Inonzi "fiat money" uye inozivikanwawo se "mutemo nyoro," zvichireva kuti inogamuchirwa kubhadhara marudzi ese ezvikwereti. Legal tender imari inonzi nehurumende haina kunaka kushandisa.
Kare, mari yeU.S. yakanga yakabatana negoridhe (uye dzimwe nguva sirivheri). Asi zvinhu zvakachinja muna 1933 hurumende payakaita mutemo unonzi Emergency Banking Act. Mushure maizvozvi, vanhu havana kukwanisa kutengesa mari yavo negoridhe rehurumende. Muyero wegoridhe, waireva kuti goridhe rehurumende raitsigira mari, wakapera muna 1971 apo U.S. yakamira kupa goridhe kune dzimwe nyika nemari yeU.S.
Ikozvino, madhora eU.S. haana hukama hwakananga kune goridhe kana sirivha. Pane kudaro, vanotsamira pa“kutenda kuzere nokurumbidzwa” kwe Hurumende yeUS. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanhu vanovimba nehurumende kuti inotsigira mari iyi. Madhora eU.S. ari pamutemo kubhadhara marudzi ese ezvikwereti, zveveruzhinji neakavanzika. Asi kusiyana nekare, haugone kuvatsinhanisa negoridhe kana sirivheri kuUnited States Treasury kana Federal Reserve Bank. Saka, ivo "vari pamutemo nyoro" ikozvino, kwete "mari yepamutemo" yaunogona kuchinjanisa nesimbi dzinokosha.
Mienzaniso yeFiat Mari
Mari yeFiat inosanganisira mari dzakaita sedhora rekuAmerica, euro, British pound, yen yeJapan, uye Indian rupee. Izvi hazvitsigirwe nezvinhu zvenyama asi zvinovimba neruvimbo rwehurumende iri kuburitsa.
Kazhinji, mari yefiat inopa kugadzikana kwehupfumi, asi pane zvisizvo. Zimbabwe, mukutanga kwema2000, yakatarisana nematambudziko makukutu munyaya dzezvehupfumi. Kugadzirisa izvi, bhangi repakati rakadhinda mari zvakanyanya, zvichikonzera hyperinflation.
Panguva yedambudziko iri, Mari yeZimbabwe yakarasika 99.9% yekukosha kwayo. Mitengo yakakwira, izvo zvakamanikidza vatengi kutakura mabhegi emari yekutenga zvakakosha. Panyaya iyi, hurumende yaifanira kuunza madhora zana emadhora emuZimbabwe. Mari dzekunze dzakazotambirwa kudarika dhora remuZimbabwe riri kuderera. Uyu muenzaniso unoshanda seyambiro ngano, inoratidza njodzi dzinogona kuitika dzefiat mari masisitimu.
Kukosha kweFiat Mari Inotsanangurwa
Fiat mari inowana kukosha kwayo kwete kubva mukusungirirwa kune zvinhu zvenyama segoridhe kana sirivheri, asi kubva mukuvimba uye kuvimba kwevanhu vane muhurumende yaiburitsa. Chimwe chikonzero chakakosha chekukosha kwayo inyaya yehurumende yekuti mitero inofanirwa kubhadharwa uchishandisa iyo fiat currency yainoburitsa. Iyi nheyo, inozivikanwa se chartalism, inovimbisa kugamuchirwa kwakapararira kwemari yefiat, sevanhu vanomanikidzwa kuishandisa pakubhadhara mutero kuti vadzivise chirango kana kuiswa mujeri.
Kusiyana nemari-yakavakirwa mari, senge mari yegoridhe kana mabhiri anodzikinurwa nesimbi dzinokosha, kukosha kwefiat mari kunongobva pakutenda kuti hurumende inotsigira yakavimbika. Chiremera chehurumende uye zvinodiwa nemutemo kugadzirisa zvisungo zvemutero nemari yefiat zvinogadzira kudiwa kwakafanana kwairi, zvichikurudzira kugamuchirwa kwayo mukutengesa kwakasiyana.
Dzimwe dzidziso, sedzidziso yechikwereti, inokurudzira kuti mari yese inosanganisira hukama hwechikwereti. Nekudaro, iyo yakasarudzika kukosha kweiyo fiat mari iri mukubatana kwayo nechiremera chehurumende, ichisimbisa kukosha kwayo mumabasa emazuva ese ehupfumi. Muchidimbu, kukosha kwemari yefiat kwakabatana zvakanyanya neruvimbo rwunoiswa nevanhu muhurumende iyo inoiburitsa uye kukosha kwekuishandisa kuzadzisa zvisungo zvemutero.
Uyewo Verenga: 15 Mabhangi eNyika Akanakisisa muAmerica
Kusiyana pakati peFiat Currency uye Cryptocurrency
Fiat mari uye cryptocurrency marudzi maviri emari, asi anoshanda zvakasiyana. Mari yenguva dzose, inozivikanwawo sefiat currency, inotsigirwa nehurumende kana chiremera chinopa. Nekune rimwe divi, macryptocurrencies seBitcoin anoshanda pane yakasarudzika system inonzi blockchain, iyo isina chiremera chepakati.
Musiyano mukuru uri pakuti ndiani ari kutonga. Fiat mari ine hurumende kana mupi ari shure kwayo, achivimbisa kukosha kwayo. Mukupesana, cryptocurrencies inotsamira munharaunda yevashandisi kuona kukosha kwavo. Iyi nharaunda pesvedzero inokanganisa zvakananga chiyero chekuchinjana kwemari yekristpto uye inogona kutungamira kune kuwedzera kana kuderera kweukoshi hwayo, pfungwa inozivikanwa se deflation kana inflation.
Saka, nepo mari yenguva dzose ichidzorwa uye ichivimbiswa nechiremera chepakati, cryptocurrencies yakafanana nenharaunda inofambiswa nedhijitari asset. Kunzwisisa mutsauko uyu kunotibatsira kuti tinzwisise zvinhu zvakasiyana zveaya marudzi maviri emari masisitimu.
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