Cov kab lus thiab clauses zoo li lub tsev thaiv rau kab lus. Lawv ob leeg ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, tab sis cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb vim lawv yog cov tswv yim ua tiav uas tuaj yeem sawv ib leeg. Xav txog lawv ua cov kab lus tiav hauv kab lus loj dua.
Cov kab lus yog pab pawg ntawm cov lus uas ua haujlwm ua ke tab sis tsis qhia qhov kev xav tiav. Lawv feem ntau ua raws li ib feem ntawm kab lus, ntxiv cov ntsiab lus lossis cov ntaub ntawv.
Clauses, ntawm qhov tod tes, muaj cov ntsiab lus (leej twg lossis kab lus dab tsi yog hais txog) thiab cov lus qhia (qhov kev kawm ua dab tsi lossis qhov tshwm sim tshwm sim). Lawv tuaj yeem nkag siab ntawm lawv tus kheej thiab tsis tso siab rau lwm cov kab lus kom nkag siab.
Kev nkag siab cov kab lus thiab kab lus yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov qauv sau ntawv Askiv vim tias lawv pab peb tsim cov kab lus meej thiab muaj txiaj ntsig. Lawv muab cov qauv thiab qhov tob rau peb cov ntawv sau, cia peb nthuav tawm cov tswv yim zoo dua. Kev paub siv lawv li cas kom raug tuaj yeem ua rau koj qhov kev sau ntawv muaj zog thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov neeg nyeem.
Dab tsi yog kab lus?
Ib kab lus yog ib phau ntawm cov lus uas muaj peev xwm suav nrog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kab lus, xws li lub npe lossis cov lus qhia. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis zoo li ib kab lus tiav, ib kab lus tsis muaj ob qho tib si (tus ua qhov kev txiav txim) thiab cov lus qhia (uas qhia koj tias qhov kev kawm ua dab tsi). Hloov chaw, nws ntxiv cov ntsiab lus lossis cov ntaub ntawv rau ib kab lus los ntawm kev tham txog cov ntsiab lus, khoom, lus qhia, lossis cov ntsiab lus.
Piv txwv li, yog tias koj hais tias, "lub tsev qub los ntawm tus dej," pawg lus no tsim ib kab lus, muab cov ntsiab lus ntxiv txog lub npe "tsev." Cov kab lus ua cov kab lus piav qhia ntau dua los yog tshwj xeeb.
Nco ntsoov tias thaum cov kab lus raug tsim los ntawm cov kab lus, tshem tawm ib kab lus los ntawm kab lus yuav tsis ua kom tiav kab lus ntawm nws tus kheej. Cov kab lus ua hauj lwm ua ke nrog lwm cov lus kom qhia tiav kev xav thiab kev xav.
Kev nkag siab cov kab lus yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov kab lus uas qhia cov lus xav tau zoo. Lawv ua raws li lub tsev tseem ceeb uas ntxiv qhov tob thiab nthuav dav rau peb cov lus, pab peb qhia peb tus kheej kom meej dua.
8 Hom kab lus hauv Lus Askiv Lus Askiv
Hauv ntiaj teb cov qauv lus Askiv, ntau hom kab lus ua si ntau lub luag haujlwm. Cov kab lus no, qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov kab lus, tuaj nyob rau hauv yim hom ntawv:
1. Noun kab lus
Ib kab lus noun suav nrog lub npe thiab cov lus uas piav txog nws. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv kab lus "Tus txawj ntse, txawj ntse tub kawm ntawv yuav kawm tiav," kab lus no yog "tus txawj ntse, txawj ntse tub kawm ntawv." Nws zoo li ib pawg lus uas qhia peb txog ib tus neeg, qhov chaw, yam, lossis lub tswv yim.
Adjectives, cov lus uas piav txog lub npe, yog ib feem ntawm cov kab lus noun ib yam nkaus. Lawv pab muab cov ntsiab lus ntxiv txog lub npe. Kev nkag siab cov lus noun pab peb tsim cov kab lus zoo dua, ua rau peb cov ntawv sau piav qhia ntau thiab nthuav. Nws zoo li muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb los tsim cov duab meej dua hauv peb lub siab thaum peb nyeem lossis sau.
2. Cov lus qhia
Ib kab lus qhia suav nrog cov lus qhia thiab nws cov lus uas piav qhia lossis hloov kho qhov ua. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv "Tus miv pw tsaug zog," cov lus qhia yog "yog pw tsaug zog." Cov kab lus no qhia txog kev ua, xeev, lossis tshwm sim hauv kab lus. Lawv tuaj yeem muaj cov lus txhawb nqa (xws li "yog," "yog," lossis "yuav yog") thiab cov lus qhia (xws li "ceev," lossis "zoo siab") uas qhia meej ntxiv txog qhov ua.
Kev nkag siab txog cov lus qhia ua lus pab hauv kev nkag siab tias yuav ua li cas tshwm sim thiab lawv cov nuances hauv kab lus. Piv txwv li, "Nws tau mob siab rau kev xyaum" qhia tau hais tias cov lus qhia "tau siv zog ua haujlwm," piv txwv li kev siv dag zog tsis tu ncua uas nws tau xyaum.
Kuj nyeem: Cov lus American Slang
3. Gerund lus
Ib kab lus gerund pib nrog ib qho kev qhia xaus hauv -ing, ua raws li lub npe. Piv txwv li, "Nyeem cov phau ntawv yog kev lom zem." Ntawm no, "nyeem ntawv" ua haujlwm raws li cov kab lus gerund. Cov kab lus no ua hauj lwm raws li cov ntsiab lus, khoom, los yog ntxiv hauv kab lus. Lawv tuaj yeem suav nrog kev hloov pauv, xws li adjectives lossis adverbs.
Paub txog cov kab lus gerund pab kom nkag siab lawv lub luag haujlwm hauv kab lus. Lawv qhia txog kev ua lossis kev ua ub ua no thiab tseem ceeb heev hauv kev tsim cov kab lus meej, luv luv. Kev txheeb xyuas thiab siv cov kab lus gerund kom raug kev sib txuas lus txawj, pab kev sau ntawv thiab hais lus zoo. Mastering cov qauv no pab txhawb kev nkag siab zoo ntawm kab lus thiab kab lus.
4. Cov kab lus tsis kawg
Ib kab lus infinitive, pib nrog lo lus "rau," muaj ib qho lus qhia tsis kawg. Nws qhia tias ib tug neeg xav li cas los yog xav ua. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv kab lus "Gerard tus npau suav yog kawm cov classics," cov lus infinitive yog "mus kawm cov classics." Nws piav txog Gerard lub siab xav kawm txog cov ntaub ntawv classic lossis cov ncauj lus. Cov kab lus tsis kawg tuaj yeem qhia lub hom phiaj, kev xav, lossis lub hom phiaj hauv txoj hauv kev kom meej thiab meej.
Cov kab lus no feem ntau ua raws li cov lus qhia xws li "xav tau," "kev npaj," lossis "kev cia siab." Kev nkag siab lawv pab kom paub txog ib tus neeg lub siab xav lossis lub hom phiaj hauv kab lus.
5. Cov lus pom zoo
Ib kab lus pom zoo ntxiv cov ntsiab lus ntxiv txog lub npe. Nws yog ib pab pawg ntawm cov lus teeb tsa los ntawm commas uas muab cov lus qhia ntxiv txog lub npe. Piv txwv li, hauv kab lus "Kuv tus tij laug, Malcolm, yog tus kws tshawb fawb," "Malcolm" yog cov lus pom zoo uas qhia ntxiv txog "kuv tus kwv."
Cov kab lus no muab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb lossis tsis tseem ceeb. Lawv pab qhia meej lossis ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv nthuav dav rau kab lus. Txawm hais tias nws tau txheeb xyuas tus neeg los ntawm lawv txoj kev sib raug zoo lossis muab qhov tseeb ntxiv, cov lus pom zoo ua rau cov kab lus piav qhia ntau dua thiab koom nrog.
6. Cov nqe lus koom nrog
Ib kab lus koom nrog pib nrog cov lus qhia uas hloov pauv ua ib yam li adjective lossis tus npe. Nws pab piav qhia kev ua lossis piav qhia tej yam hauv kab lus. Piv txwv li, hauv kab lus, "Tom qab ua tiav nws cov ntawv ua tom tsev, Jack tau mus pw," cov kab lus koom nrog yog "Tom qab ua tiav nws cov ntawv ua tom tsev." Nws ntxiv cov ntsiab lus ntxiv los ntawm kev tham txog dab tsi tshwm sim ua ntej Jack mus pw.
Cov kab lus no, tsim los ntawm cov neeg koom nrog tam sim no lossis yav dhau los, ua cov kab lus nthuav dav dua thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv txog kev ua lossis kev kawm. Lawv zoo li cov khoom zais zais uas qhia txog qhov peb qhia peb tus kheej hauv kev sau ntawv.
7. Prepositional kab lus
Ib kab lus prepositional siv cov lus xws li "on," "in," lossis "nrog" los qhia qhov twg lossis ib yam dab tsi zoo li cas. Siv cov kab lus no: "Tus neeg ua mov ci tau ntim rau ntawm lub ncuav mog qab zib." Ntawm no, kab lus prepositional yog "ntawm lub ncuav mog qab zib," qhia peb qhov twg icing mus. Cov kab lus no tuaj yeem qhia txog qhov chaw, sijhawm, kev taw qhia, lossis kev sib raug zoo. Piv txwv li, "hauv qab rooj," "thaum hnub," lossis "nrog kuv tus phooj ywg."
Lawv ntxiv cov ntsiab lus rau kab lus, ua kom pom tseeb dua. Kev nkag siab txog cov kab lus prepositional pab sau ntawv thiab hais lus vim lawv muab cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv txog cov ntsiab lus thiab nws ib puag ncig, ua rau cov kab lus piav qhia ntau dua thiab koom nrog.
8. Cov lus tsis meej
Ib kab lus meej muaj ib qho kev kawm yam tsis muaj kev qhia ua haujlwm thiab hloov tag nrho kab lus. Piv txwv li, xav txog kab lus, "Nws tawm hauv chav, nws lub duav viav vias." Ntawm no, cov lus tseeb "nws lub duav viav vias" tsis muaj lus qhia tab sis ntxiv cov lus piav qhia.
Cov kab lus no feem ntau muaj cov npe thiab kev koom tes (ib qho -ing lossis -ed daim ntawv ntawm kev qhia). Lawv muab cov lus qhia ntxiv txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, feem ntau qhia ib txhij ua los yog tej yam kev mob. Txawm hais tias tsis yog ib kab lus tiav ntawm nws tus kheej, cov kab lus meej ua rau kev nkag siab los ntawm kev muab cov ntsiab lus ntxiv lossis piav qhia. Lawv tuaj yeem nqa vividness thiab tob rau kev sau ntawv, pleev xim rau cov duab kom ntxaws ntxiv rau cov neeg nyeem.
Kuj nyeem: 85 Similes piv txwv
Clause yog dab tsi?
Ib kab lus yog ib pawg ntawm cov lus uas tsim ib feem ntawm kab lus thiab qhia txog lub tswv yim tiav. Txhua kab lus muaj ob qhov tseem ceeb: ib qho kev kawm (tus neeg tseem ceeb, yam, lossis lub tswv yim) thiab lus qhia (qhov ua lossis lub xeev ntawm kev ua). Lawv tuaj yeem sawv ib leeg ua kab lus lossis ua haujlwm ua ke hauv kab lus loj dua. Cov kab lus muaj cov kab lus ywj pheej, uas tuaj yeem sawv ib leeg, thiab cov kab lus nyob, uas tso siab rau cov lus ywj pheej los ua kom tiav lawv lub ntsiab lus.
Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv kab lus "Tus miv caum nas," "Tus miv" yog cov ntsiab lus, thiab "chased" yog cov lus qhia, ua rau nws cov lus ywj pheej vim nws tuaj yeem sawv ib leeg. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kab lus "Thaum miv caum tus nas," "Thaum miv caum nas" yog cov lus nyob rau hauv uas xav tau cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv los ua kom tiav kev xav.
Kev nkag siab clauses pab peb tsim cov kab lus zoo thiab qhia cov tswv yim meej. Lawv pab peb piav qhia txog kev nqis tes ua, xeev, qhov chaw, thiab ntau ntxiv txog cov ncauj lus uas peb tham.
4 Hom Clauses hauv Lus Askiv Lus Askiv
Hauv lus Askiv cov qauv sau ntawv, muaj plaub hom kab lus tseem ceeb, txhua qhov ua haujlwm sib txawv hauv kev tsim cov kab lus. Cov kab lus no ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev nthuav tawm cov tswv yim thiab sib txuas cov kev xav hauv kab lus.
1. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv kab lus
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv kab lus yog tsim los ntawm ib qho kev kawm thiab ib qho lus qhia. Nws tuaj yeem yog kab lus ntawm nws tus kheej lossis koom nrog lwm qhov kom muab cov ntsiab lus ntxiv. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Leo Tolstoy phau ntawv Tsov Rog thiab Kev Thaj Yeeb, muaj ib kab lus yooj yim, "Drops dripped." Ntawm no, "poob" yog lub npe, thiab "dripped" yog cov lus qhia, tsim cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb.
Thaum ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ua ke nrog lub cim cim thiab kev sib koom ua ke, lawv tsim cov kab lus sib txuas. Ib qho piv txwv yuav yog, "Kuv tus dev nyob tsis tswm, yog li peb mus taug kev."
Main clauses yog lub tsev blocks ntawm kab lus. Lawv muaj cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas qhia cov kev xav tiav. Piv txwv li, "Tus miv pw" yog ib nqe lus tseem ceeb vim tias nws muaj cov ntsiab lus ("tus miv") thiab cov lus qhia ("pw"), ua kom tiav lub tswv yim.
Kev nkag siab txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb pab tsim cov kab lus muaj txiaj ntsig. Lawv muab cov qauv thiab qhia meej rau qhov peb sib txuas lus, cia peb qhia peb cov tswv yim zoo dua.
2. Cov nqe lus hauv qab
Ib nqe lus subordinate, feem ntau txuas los ntawm cov lus xws li "vim," "raws li," lossis "thaum," yog ib feem me me ntawm kab lus txuas nrog lub tswv yim tseem ceeb. Nws tuaj yeem koom nrog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas siv cov lus sib koom ua ke xws li "los yog," "tab sis," lossis "tsis tau." Thaum sawv ntsug ib leeg, cov lus hais hauv qab yuav zoo li ib kab lus tiav, tab sis nws xav tau cov lus sib txuas kom nkag siab hauv cov ntsiab lus loj dua.
Piv txwv li, coj cov kab lus "Nws poob vim nws tau poob." Ntawm no, "vim nws tau poob qis" yog cov lus hauv qab, ntxiv cov ntsiab lus ntxiv rau vim li cas nws poob. Nws tsis qhia qhov kev xav tiav ntawm nws tus kheej tab sis ua tiav lub tswv yim tseem ceeb hauv kab lus.
Subordinate clauses muab cov lus qhia ntxiv, qhia meej cov ntsiab lus, lossis qhia kev sib raug zoo ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm kab lus. Lawv ntxiv qhov tob thiab nyuaj rau peb cov kev sib txuas lus los ntawm kev muab cov ntsiab lus ntxiv thiab kev piav qhia. Kev nkag siab tias cov kab lus no ua haujlwm li cas hauv ib kab lus yuav pab tsim kev sib txuas lus meej dua thiab meej dua.
3. Adjective Clauses
Ib qho adjective clause qee zaum hu ua adverbial clause, yog ib feem ntawm kab lus uas tsis tuaj yeem sawv ib leeg thiab txuas nrog cov kab lus tseem ceeb los ntawm cov lus xws li "leej twg," "leej twg," "nws," "uas," lossis "uas. ” Nws tuaj yeem txuas los ntawm cov lus xws li "thaum twg," "qhov twg," lossis "vim li cas." Hauv cov ntsiab lus yooj yim, nws muab cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv txog tus lej lossis tus lej hauv kab lus tseem ceeb.
Xav txog qhov no: thaum koj ntxiv cov ntsiab lus rau ib kab lus hais txog ib tus neeg, khoom, lossis txawm tias qhov xwm txheej, koj yuav siv tau cov lus qhia. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv kab lus, "Nws quaj thaum Brad pov tseg nws," ntu "thaum Brad pov tseg nws" yog cov lus qhia. Nws piav qhia ntxiv txog lub sijhawm lossis qhov xwm txheej ua rau lub suab quaj.
Cov kab lus no pab ua kom peb cov kab lus nplua nuj thiab meej dua. Lawv muab cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb ntxiv uas pab peb nkag siab txog leej twg, dab tsi, thaum twg, qhov twg, vim li cas, lossis qhov xwm txheej zoo li cas. Txawm hais tias nws piav txog ib tus neeg, qhov chaw, lossis qhov xwm txheej, cov lus qhia ntxiv ntxiv qhov tob thiab cov ntsiab lus rau qhov peb hais.
4. Noun Clauses
Lub npe clause zoo li ib feem tshwj xeeb ntawm kab lus uas siv qhov chaw ntawm lub npe. Xav txog tias koj muaj ib kab lus: "Qhov khoom plig kub mus rau tus yeej." Zoo, koj tuaj yeem hloov nws me ntsis thiab hais tias, "Qhov khoom plig kub mus rau leej twg yeej qhov kev sib tw." Saib dab tsi tshwm sim nyob ntawd? "Leej twg yeej qhov kev sib tw" nce mus rau "tus yeej." Qhov no yog lub npe clause ua nws qhov!
Xav txog lub npe kab lus raws li kev hloov pauv rau lub npe tsis tu ncua, tab sis nws yog me ntsis fancier. Nws tsis yog ib lo lus xwb; nws yog tag nrho pawg ntawm cov lus ua raws li lub npe. Yog li, tsis txhob hais tej yam yooj yim xws li "tus neeg" lossis "qhov chaw," koj siv tag nrho cov kab lus me me los ua txoj haujlwm.
Thaum koj pom ib lub npe clause, nws zoo li nrhiav tau ib nqe lus zais cia hauv kab lus. Nws nyob ntawd, ua haujlwm ntawm lub npe, tab sis nws ntev me ntsis thiab nthuav dav dua. Nws zoo nkauj npaum li cas peb tuaj yeem hloov tej yam nyob ib puag ncig hauv kab lus kom lawv nthuav ntau dua, puas yog?
Kuj nyeem: 59 Metaphors Piv txwv
Clauses vs. Cov kab lus hauv kab lus
Thaum peb sau cov kab lus, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab lus thiab kab lus. Ib kab lus yog ib lub tswv yim ua tiav nrog cov ntsiab lus thiab cov lus qhia. Ntawm qhov tod tes, ib kab lus yog ib phau ntawm cov lus uas ntxiv cov ntsiab lus rau cov ntsiab lus lossis cov khoom hauv kab lus tab sis tsis tsim ib qho kev xav ntawm nws tus kheej.
Clauses, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog subordinate los yog cov txheeb ze, feem ntau xav tau kev sib koom tes los koom lawv mus rau kab lus tseem ceeb. Txawm hais tias qhov sib ntxiv no, lawv tseem muaj cov ncauj lus thiab cov lus qhia. Hauv cov kab lus nyuaj, clauses yuav muaj ib lossis ob kab lus, tab sis cov kab lus no tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm nws tus kheej.
Piv txwv li, xav txog qhov no: "Tus miv, zaum ntawm lub lev, caum tus nas." Ntawm no, "sab saum lub lev" yog ib kab lus hloov cov ntsiab lus "miv." Txawm li cas los xij, "Tus miv chased nas" yog ib nqe lus tiav uas tsim lub tswv yim tag nrho.
Kev nkag siab txog kab lus thiab kab lus yuav pab tsim cov kab lus uas qhia cov kev xav tiav thiab muab cov ntsiab lus ntxiv. Clauses muab cov qauv kab lus thiab sib koom ua ke los ntawm kev nthuav tawm cov tswv yim ua tiav, thaum cov kab lus txhim kho cov kab lus los ntawm kev ntxiv cov ntsiab lus piav qhia yam tsis muaj kev xav tiav lawv tus kheej.
Sau ntawv cia Ncua