Switzerland muaj npe nrov rau nws lub neej zoo, txhim khu kev qha zoo, thiab kev cog lus rau ib puag ncig kev ruaj ntseg.
Tus yuam sij rau Switzerland txoj kev vam meej thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib raug zoo yog nyob rau hauv nws cov nplua nuj ntau haiv neeg, ntaus nqi rau lub teb chaws plaub yam lus. Lo lus nug yog; Cov lus dab tsi tau hais hauv Switzerland?
Tsis zoo li lwm cov zej zog muaj ntau hom lus, Switzerland tau ua tiav zam kev ntxhov siab hauv zej zog. Cov neeg Swiss lub peev xwm hais plaub yam lus ua haujlwm yog lub zog loj.
Txawm hais tias cov lus no tau hais thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws, lawv feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam tshwj xeeb. Qhov kev sib txawv ntawm cov lus no ua rau Switzerland cov kab lis kev cai tshwj xeeb mosaic, txhawb kev sib koom siab thiab kev nkag siab ntawm nws cov neeg.
Cov neeg Swiss tuav lawv cov lus ntau yam lus, tsim kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb uas cov zej zog sib txawv ntawm kev sib koom ua ke nyob sib haum xeeb. Txoj kev koom ua ke no tsis yog tsuas yog txhim kho kev sib raug zoo hauv zej zog xwb tab sis kuj qhia txog lub teb chaws txoj kev mob siab rau kev txhawb nqa ntau haiv neeg raws li qhov tseem ceeb ntawm nws tus kheej.
Cov lus hais hauv Switzerland
Swiss German Lus
Swiss German yog hom lus feem ntau hais hauv Switzerland. Kwv yees li 60% ntawm cov neeg hais nws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau sab qaum teb, nruab nrab, thiab sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub tebchaws. Cov neeg hauv zos hu nws Schwyzerdütsch, thiab nws tau ua los ntawm Alemannic dialects tsis siv ntxiv lawm hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees lossis Austria.
Cov menyuam Swiss kawm Standard German hauv tsev kawm ntawv, yog li lawv tuaj yeem tham tau yooj yim nrog Germans, Austrian, thiab lwm tus neeg hais lus German. Lawv hloov mus rau Standard German yooj yim thaum tham nrog ib tug neeg uas tsis hais lus Swiss German.
Txij li tsis yog txhua yam lus Swiss German muaj cov qauv sau ntawv, kev cai lij choj, phau ntawv, thiab ntawv xov xwm raug sau ua Standard German. Tias yog vim li cas feem ntau Swiss Germans hu nws Schriftdeutsch, uas txhais tau tias "sau German."
Swiss German tsis yog ib hom lus xwb - nws txawv heev nyob ntawm seb koj nyob qhov twg. Piv txwv li, cov lus nyob rau hauv Zurich txawv ntawm Basel, thiab nws tseem txawv dua nyob rau hauv lub zos Alpine.
Cov xwm txheej raug cai feem ntau siv Standard German, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias muaj cov neeg tsis yog Swiss German hais lus nyob ib puag ncig. Tab sis nyob rau hauv ntiag tug thiab ntawm Swiss Germans, dialects yog tus qauv.
Swiss Fabkis Lus
Fabkis yog hom lus tseem ceeb nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm lub tebchaws, ib cheeb tsam hu ua Swiss Fabkis.
Raws li Wikipedia, kwv yees li 22% ntawm cov neeg Swiss hais lus Fab Kis, ua rau nws muaj kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb hauv cov nroog xws li Geneva thiab Lausanne. Yog tias koj tab tom npaj taug kev mus rau cov chaw Swiss no, muaj phau ntawv txhais lus Fab Kis tuaj yeem ua ke, vim lawv feem ntau yog cov neeg hais lus Fab Kis.
Piv nrog rau qhov sib txawv ntawm Swiss German thiab Standard German, qhov sib txawv ntawm Swiss Fabkis thiab Fabkis hais lus nyob rau Fabkis yog tsawg dua. Txawm hais tias muaj qee qhov sib txawv ntawm cov lus thiab cov lus qhia, cov tib neeg uas paub zoo hauv Standard French yuav tsum pom tias nws yooj yim los khaws Swiss Fabkis.
Kev nthuav dav ntawm Fabkis nyob rau hauv Swiss nroog tsim ib qho chaw sib txawv ntawm kev hais lus, ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov neeg taug kev kom muaj kev paub txog hom lus. Txawm hais tias koj tab tom tshawb nrhiav kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Geneva lossis txaus siab rau qhov zoo nkauj ntawm Lausanne, muaj kev nkag siab yooj yim ntawm Fabkis tuaj yeem txhim kho koj qhov kev paub thiab kev cuam tshuam nrog cov neeg hauv zos.
Kuj nyeem: Cov Lus Tseem Ceeb Tshaj Plaws Kawm Kom Tau Txais Txoj Cai Ntxiv
Swiss Italian Lus
Swiss Italians nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Switzerland, nyob ze ciam teb nrog Ltalis. Nrog rau cov pejxeem ntawm 673,000 tus neeg hais lus, lawv suav nrog yuav luag 8% ntawm lub tebchaws cov pejxeem.
Rau ib tus neeg paub Italian lossis kawm lus, Swiss Italian yog qhov yooj yim rau kev nkag siab, zoo ib yam li Swiss Fabkis. Lub ntsiab sib txawv yog nyob rau hauv ob peb lo lus tseem ceeb los ntawm German thiab Fabkis.
Txawm hais tias muaj cov lus hauv zos xws li Ticinese thiab lwm yam kev hloov pauv hauv Lombard, Swiss Italian zoo ib yam li Standard Italian hauv Switzerland.
Hauv kev sib piv rau Standard Italian, Swiss Italian sawv tawm rau nws siv "calques," cov lus uas zoo li cov lus txhais los ntawm Fabkis thiab German.
Piv txwv li, thaum lub sij hawm Italian rau "daim ntawv tso cai tsav tsheb" yog "Patente," Swiss Italians siv "Licenza di condurre," txhais ncaj qha los ntawm Fabkis lo lus "permis de conduire." Txawm hais tias cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg no, tag nrho kev sib txuas lus ntawm Swiss Italians thiab cov neeg hais lus ntawm Standard Italian tseem zoo heev.
Lus Romansh
Romansh yog ib hom lus me me uas tsuas yog 37,000 tus neeg hais. Nws tau los ua ib hom lus hauv tebchaws Switzerland xyoo 1938, tab sis nws tsis yog txog xyoo 1996 uas nws tau txais kev lees paub.
Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj canton ntawm Grisons, Romansh yog ib hom lus siv hauv kev tswj hwm thiab kev kawm, nrog rau kev sib txuas lus txhua hnub hauv zej zog.
Txawm hais tias ntsib kev sib tw los ntawm Italian thiab German, Romansh tau muaj sia nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 21st. Qhov no yog ib feem vim hais tias feem ntau cov neeg hais lus Romansh tuaj ntawm kev sib cais, thaj chaw roob hauv qab teb sab hnub tuaj Switzerland.
Kev cuam tshuam ntawm German lus ntawm Romansh yog qhov tseem ceeb. Txawm hais tias nws lub hauv paus hais lus me me, Romansh muaj tsib yam lus uas tau siv hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Kev siv zog los ntawm tsoomfwv los txhawb kev sib koom ua ke "yias-Romansh" tau muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm theem hauv zos.
Multilingual Diversity nyob rau hauv Switzerland
Switzerland hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv lub teb chaws cov lus rau kev koom ua ke. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw hauv lub tebchaws tseem nyiam sib txuas lus hauv lawv hom lus.
raws li Swiss Federal Statistical Office, feem ntau hais lus hauv lub tebchaws suav nrog Askiv, Portuguese, Albanian, thiab lwm yam.
Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov pej xeem hauv Switzerland feem ntau sib txuas lus hauv hom lus uas tsis yog lub teb chaws. Txog 5.8% ntawm cov pejxeem hais lus Askiv, 3.5% hais lus Portuguese, 3.2% sib txuas lus hauv Albanian, 2.3% hauv Serbo Croatian, thiab 2.4% ua lus Mev. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj 8.2% feem uas siv cov lus poob rau hauv qeb ntawm "Lwm yam."
Kev sib txawv ntawm cov lus hauv Switzerland qhia txog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ntau hom lus hauv nws cov ciam teb. Txawm hais tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov lus hauv tebchaws rau kev ua pej xeem, muaj ntau yam lus qhia txog kev nplua nuj kab lis kev cai tapestry zoo li lub teb chaws cov neeg tuaj txawv teb chaws ntau haiv neeg. Cov ntaub ntawv txheeb cais qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev lees paub thiab ua kom muaj kev sib txawv ntawm kev hais lus hauv Switzerland.
Kuj nyeem: Cultural Assimilation yog dab tsi?
Txais tos ua lus txawv teb chaws hauv Switzerland
Plaub hom lus sib txawv tau hais hauv Switzerland. Nov yog qee qhov kev tos txais yooj yim uas koj tuaj yeem siv:
Nyob zoo:
- Hauv Swiss German, koj hais "Hello."
- Hauv Swiss Fabkis, nws yog "Bonjour."
- Hauv Swiss Italian, koj tuaj yeem hais tias "Ciao."
- Hauv Romansh, koj muaj ob peb txoj kev xaiv: "Cia," "Tgau," lossis "Allegra."
Sib ntsib dua:
- Hais lus zoo hauv Swiss German, koj hais tias "Auf Wiedersehen."
- Hauv Swiss Fabkis, nws yog "Au revoir."
- Hauv Swiss Italian, koj yuav hais tias "Addio."
- Hauv Romansh, nws yog "Ade."
Thov:
- Yog tias koj xav hais tias thov hauv Swiss German, koj hais tias "Bitte."
- Hauv Swiss Fabkis, nws yog "S'il vous plaît."
- Hauv Swiss Italian, koj tuaj yeem hais tias "Pib nyiam."
- Hauv Romansh, nws yog "Per plaschair."
Ua tsaug:
- Txhawm rau hais ua tsaug hauv Swiss German, koj hais tias "Danke."
- Hauv Swiss Fabkis, nws yog "Merci."
- Hauv Swiss Italian, koj hais tias "Grazie."
- Hauv Romansh, nws yog "Grazia."
Sau ntawv cia Ncua