Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb tau tham txog Greek theatre, xya qhov tseeb muaj txiaj ntsig rau cov tub ntxhais kawm, thiab ntau dua.
Peb yuav tsum lees paub qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab kev tshoov siab ntawm Greek cov xwm txheej thaum ub thiab lawv txoj kev koom tes rau kev lom zem niaj hnub no. Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm Greek tragedy thiab comedy hnub rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua 6th BCE.
Ua ntej peb mus rau hauv cov ntsiab lus, cia peb tham txog Greek theatre thiab keeb kwm ntawm Greek tragedy thiab comedy.
Greek Theatre yog dab tsi?
Peb txhua tus paub txog keeb kwm ntawm ancient Greece thiab Greek mythology. Ntawm no, peb xav nkag siab tias nws yog dab tsi thiab ntau dua.
Keeb kwm ntawm Greek theatre hnub rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua 6th BC. Nws pib nyob rau hauv lub ancient nroog ntawm Athens nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 6th. Nws pib nrog kev ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua yeeb yam hauv kev ntseeg hauv Athens.
Greek theatre tau tshoov siab rau ib hom ntawv ntawm Greek comedy plays ib yam nkaus. Raws li lub sijhawm dhau mus, Greek kev xwm txheej thiab kev ua yeeb yam tau nrov heev. Nws thiaj li nrov tias lawv tau ua yeeb yam thoob plaws hauv Mediterranean thiab cuam tshuam rau Hellenistic thiab Roman theatre.
Vim tias muaj koob meej ntawm ob qho yeeb yam Greek no, kev ua yeeb yam zoo li Euripides thiab Aristophanes tau los ua lub hauv paus rau kev ua yeeb yam niaj hnub no. Tam sim no, niaj hnub ua yeeb yam thiab playwrights tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txiv neej zoo.
Sophocles, Euripides thiab Aristophanes yuav ploj mus ntev, tab sis lawv txoj haujlwm tseem yog kev tshoov siab rau ntau tus.
Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm Tragedy
Cov kws tshawb fawb tau sib cav txog qhov keeb kwm ntawm kev xwm txheej, thiab tau muaj ntau qhov kev xav. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb tau txuas lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm kev txom nyem mus rau ib daim duab ua ntej, tab sis qhov tseeb yog txhua yam tseem ceeb.
Qee qhov xwm txheej, qee cov kws tshawb fawb xav tias muaj kev sib txuas zoo ntawm kev xwm txheej thiab kev ua yeeb yam hauv kev pe hawm Dionysus. Cov kws tshawb fawb no qhia txog kev txi ntawm tshis rau Greek vajtswv Dionysus, zaj nkauj hu ua tra-odia thiab hnav lub ntsej muag.
Vim li no, Dionysus tau los ua tus vajtswv ntawm kev ua yeeb yam. Kuj tseem muaj lwm qhov kev sib txuas rau Dionysus, uas yog kev haus dej haus cawv uas coj cov neeg pe hawm kom tsis txhob tswj hwm lawv txoj kev xav. Kev sib txuas ntawm kev haus dej haus cawv thiab cov neeg pe hawm poob lawv txoj kev xav yog txhua yam cuam tshuam nrog kev ua yeeb yam thiab cov neeg ua yeeb yam.
Thaum ib tug neeg tab tom ua tus cwj pwm ntawm theem, lawv nyiam ua raws li kev xav, ib yam dab tsi txawv ntawm lawv tus kheej li qub.
Greek theatre hnub rov qab mus rau lub hnub qub, nrog cov xwm txheej zoo li Euripides, thiab Aristophanes.
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Keeb kwm ntawm Greek Comedy
Keeb kwm ntawm Greek comedy plays hnub rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua 6th. Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tau sim nrhiav lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm Greek comedy plays, raws li nws tau ntseeg tias tau ploj mus nyob rau hauv prehistory.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias cov kev ua ntawm cov txiv neej ua si cov cim ntawm theem thiab ua raws li lwm tus hnub rov qab mus rau lub sijhawm ua ntej sau cov ntaub ntawv.
Raws li keeb kwm, thawj qhov qhia ntawm Greek comedy ua si hauv Greek thaum ub yog los ntawm cov tais diav. Rov qab thaum xyoo pua 6 BCE, qee qhov kev kho kom zoo nkauj feem ntau sawv cev rau cov neeg ua yeeb yam hnav khaub ncaws ua las voos, nees, thiab satyrs.
Cov paj huam ntawm Archilochus thiab Hipponax kuj yog lwm qhov chaw ntawm Greek comedy nyob rau hauv lub 6th thiab 7th centuries BCE. Raws li cov khoom siv, cov paj huam ntawm Archilochus thiab Hipponax muaj kev lom zem thiab lom zem.
Tam sim no, cia peb tham txog Greek theatre thiab xya qhov tseeb muaj txiaj ntsig rau cov tub ntxhais kawm.
# 1. Keeb Kwm
Raws li peb tau hais ua ntej, Greek theatre hnub rov qab mus rau xyoo pua 6 BCE, thiab nws yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua yeeb yam sab hnub poob. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, qhov ua yeeb yam Greek ua yeeb yam ntxov tshaj plaws pib hauv 534 BC. Nws pib ntawm kev ua si ua koob tsheej qhuas Greek vajtswv Dionysus, uas yog tus vajtswv ntawm cawv thiab fertility.
Greek theatre tau ua nyob rau hauv Dionysus kev ua koob tsheej rau ntau pua xyoo, thiab nws kuj tseem nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Mediterranean.
Nyob rau hauv Athens, lub nroog ntawm Dionysia ua si festival tau tuav txhua xyoo thaum kawg ntawm lub Peb Hlis thiab txuas ntxiv rau ob peb hnub. Lub sijhawm no, kev ua yeeb yam tau nthuav tawm rau cov neeg tuaj saib coob, thiab nws yog ob qho tib si pej xeem thiab kev ntseeg kev ua koob tsheej.
Lub nroog ntawm Dionysia ua si festival yog suav tias yog kev lag luam kev tshwm sim thiab tsis yog zej zog. Tus thawj tswj hwm pej xeem ntawm Athens yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev teeb tsa lub nroog Dionysia ua si lom zem. Nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Dionysia ua si festivals, khoom plig tau muab tsub rau ob peb yeej playwrights nyob rau hauv comedy thiab xwm txheej.
#2. Ua si thiab Playwrights
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 6th BC, muaj ob peb playwrights nyob rau hauv ancient Greek theatre, tab sis tsuas yog peb tus kws sau ntawv ntawm kev xwm txheej thiab ob tug kws sau ntawv comedy dominated play festival. Peb tau hais txog qee tus kws sau ntawv zoo hauv phau ntawv qhia no. Euripides, Sophocles thiab Aristophanes yog qee cov npe paub hauv cov npe.
Nyob rau hauv ancient Greek tragedy, nws yog dominated los ntawm Aeschylus thiab Euripides. Thaum Aristophanes thiab Menander dominated Greek comedy. Cia peb tsis txhob hnov qab tus tswv ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm nws tus kheej, Aristotle.
Aeschylus
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, Aeschylus sau txog 70 mus rau 90 tragic plays thaum lub sij hawm nws lub sij hawm. Niaj hnub no, tsuas yog 7 ntawm kev ua yeeb yam tu siab sau los ntawm Aeschylus muaj.
Aeschylus feem ntau suav hais tias yog leej txiv ntawm kev xwm txheej thiab nws txoj haujlwm tau qhuas los ntawm ntau tus. Ib qho kev tsim kho tshiab tshaj plaws ntawm Aeschylus yog qhov kev taw qhia ntawm tus neeg ua yeeb yam thib ob los ua kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb ntawm lub ntsej muag. Lub Agamemnon thiab Prometheus Bound kuj yog ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm nto moo ntawm Aeschylus.
Sophocles
Sophocles tau sau ntau dua 120 zaj yeeb yaj kiab thiab nws kuj tau pab nyiaj ntau rau Greek theatre. Nws qhia ib tug thib peb actor, tsim ib tug complex ua yeeb yam scene nyob rau theem.
Ib qho ntawm nws cov haujlwm nto moo tshaj plaws yog Oedipus, Vaj Ntxwv kuj hu ua Oedipus Rex thiab King Oedipus. Nws txoj haujlwm kuj suav nrog Antigone thiab Electra. Theatre historians xav txog Oedipus tus Vaj Ntxwv yog qhov xwm txheej zoo kawg nkaus.
Cov Hlwb Pob Tsuas
Cov neeg Greek thaum ub Euripides tau sau txog 95 qhov xwm txheej, thiab tsuas yog 18 lossis 19 muaj hnub no. Euripides txo lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev hu nkauj hauv nws cov yeeb yam, thiab nws kuj tau ua haujlwm zoo.
Qee qhov ntawm nws cov haujlwm suav nrog Bacchae, Medea thiab Trojan Woman, uas tseem hu ua Tus Poj Niam ntawm Troy.
Aristophanes
Aristophanes yog ib tus neeg ua yeeb yam zoo tshaj plaws hauv Athens thaum ub. Nws sau txog 40 zaj dab neeg, thiab 11 ntawm lawv muaj hnub no.
Aristophanes cov hauj lwm nto moo muaj xws li Qav, Lysistrata, Huab, Noog, thiab Wasps.
Menander
Menander tau sau ntau tshaj 100 comic plays nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 4 BC. Tawm ntawm tag nrho nws tej hauj lwm, tsuas yog Dyskolos muaj sia nyob mus rau niaj hnub no.
Aristotle
Peb tseem tab tom tham txog Greek theatre thiab xya qhov tseeb muaj txiaj ntsig rau cov tub ntxhais kawm. Txawm li cas los xij, peb tab tom tham txog tus kws tshawb fawb Greek zoo, Aristotle.
Aristotle yog ib tug Greek philosopher thaum ub thiab yog ib tus neeg xav zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb tau pom. Greek philosopher raug suav hais tias yog leej txiv ntawm Western kev xav, thiab ntau tus kws tshawb fawb yuav pom zoo nrog qhov ntawd.
Ib tug zoo Greek philosopher ib zaug tau npaj ib tug qauv rau ua yeeb yam playwriting. Raws li cov khoom siv, Aristotle's Peb Lub Koom Haum tau thov qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev ua si tshwm sim hauv ib qho chaw hauv ib hnub.
Lub tswv yim no tau hais los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij Greek kws tshaj lij tau hu ua peb lub koom haum ntawm lub sijhawm, qhov chaw, thiab kev ua.
#3.Theatre Architecture
Feem ntau, qhov chaw ua yeeb yam ntawm Greek theatre thaum ub tau suav tias yog lub orchestra. Qhov chaw ua haujlwm no nthuav dav thaj tsam ntawm 20 mus rau 30 meters hauv txoj kab uas hla.
Orchestra yog ib lo lus Greek yooj yooj yim uas txhais tau tias ua las voos. Muab los ntawm "orkheisthai" uas txhais tau tias ua las voos thiab "tra" uas txhais mus rau qhov chaw.
Tsis tas li ntawd, "scene" kuj yog lo lus Greek los ntawm "skene". Cov neeg ua yeeb yam hloov lawv cov khaub ncaws thiab daim npog ntsej muag ntawm lub orchestra.
Lub scene kuj yog siv rau ntau qhov kev ua yeeb yam. Piv txwv li, lub skene pab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm machinery uas qis dua thiab tsa corpses thiab vajtswv. Nws tsis paub meej tias skene tau siv los ua scenery lossis tsis.
Feem ntau cov kev ua si hauv Greek thaum ub tau teeb tsa ua ntej lub palace, lub tuam tsev lossis cov tsev uas cov qauv skene tuaj yeem txaus.
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#4. Cov neeg saib
Hauv Athens thaum ub, qhov chaw ua yeeb yam sab nraum zoov ntawm Greek plays tau raug hu ua amphitheatres. Rov qab rau xyoo pua 6 BC, cov neeg Greek thaum ub hu ua amphitheatres "theatrons" lossis "pom qhov chaw".
Hauv Greek thaum ub, kev ua yeeb yam tau muaj nyob rau hauv qab ntawm toj, nrog txog 15,000 txog 20,000 tus neeg saib. Tom qab ntawd, cov neeg saib tau zaum saum ntoo, thiab qee lub sijhawm, lawv zaum ntawm pob zeb. Lub rooj zaum tau teem rau hauv ib lub voj voog ib nrab rau cov neeg saib.
Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm toj roob hauv pes ua kom nrov ntawm tus neeg ua yeeb yam lub suab thiab nws kuj ua rau cov neeg tuaj saib hnov cov neeg ua yeeb yam hauv kev ua yeeb yam.
#5. Ua yeeb yam
Thaum lub sijhawm xyoo pua 6 BC, txhua tus neeg ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam hauv Greek ua yeeb yam yog txiv neej. Kuj tseem muaj cov poj niam ua yeeb yam hauv lub sijhawm ntawd. Hauv Greek thaum ub, cov neeg ua yeeb yam tuaj yeem ua ntau lub luag haujlwm hauv ib hnub.
Lub sijhawm ntawd, cov neeg ua yeeb yam tau tshwm sim me me rau cov neeg saib vim lawv tau ua yeeb yam ntawm toj roob hauv pes. Qhov no feem ntau pom nyob rau niaj hnub no western operas.
Rov qab thaum xyoo pua 6 BC, cov hauj lwm thaum ntxov yog hais txog tus neeg ua yeeb yam thiab cov poj niam hu nkauj, uas yog cov txiv neej ua si. Ntau qhov chaw muaj nyob rau hauv cov yeeb yam no thiab lawv txhua tus tau ua los ntawm tus neeg ua yeeb yam.
Thawj tus neeg ua yeeb yam hauv cov yeeb yam no yog tus ua yeeb yam hu ua Thespis. Vim li no, cov neeg ua yeeb yam niaj hnub no yog qee yam hu ua thespians.
Feem ntau, cov chorus nyob rau hauv ancient Greek tragedies yog tsim los ntawm tsawg kawg yog 15 tus neeg. Cov chorus tau ua ib txhij, tab sis qee zaum nws tau muab cais ua ob ntu choruses.
Tus thawj coj hu nkauj, uas yog "choragos" tau hais ib tus kab. Tom qab lub prologue thaum pib ntawm kev ua si, lub chorus tam sim ntawd nkag mus rau hauv lub orchestra. Lub prologue tseem nyob rau theem kom txog thaum qhov kev ua si tiav.
#6. Nkauj thiab seev cev
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 6 BC, suab paj nruag tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv ancient Greek theatre. Suab paj nruag tau siv nyob rau hauv cov lus hais tshwj xeeb hauv kev ua yeeb yam thiab thaum lub sij hawm cov lus ntawm cov chorus.
Hauv Greek thaum ub, nws nyuaj rau cais suab paj nruag los ntawm cov lus hais. Lawv siv suab paj nruag rau cov teebmeem tshwj xeeb thiab lwm yam.
Lawv siv cov twj paj nruag los tsim cov teebmeem tshwj xeeb thaum ua yeeb yam. Qee cov cuab yeej siv suab paj nruag suav nrog flutes thiab trumpets.
Thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, kev seev cev hauv kev ua yeeb yam hauv Greek thaum ub tau hais txog cov cim tshwj xeeb, nrog rau lwm yam xwm txheej.
#7. Costume thiab Mask
Hauv Greek theatre thaum ub, cov neeg ua yeeb yam hauv kev xwm txheej yuav hnav lub npog ntsej muag. Cov qhov ncauj qhov ntswg no yog ua los ntawm linen, ntoo los yog cork. Cov neeg ua yeeb yam ua rau kev txaus siab ntawm cov neeg saib hnav cov npog ntsej muag no.
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los, muaj kev hloov pauv loj hauv cov khaub ncaws ua yeeb yam. Txawm hais tias cov neeg ua yeeb yam hauv Greek thaum ub hnav khaub ncaws zoo nkauj heev pob taws-ntev tunic, kev ua yeeb yam yog txawv hnub no.
Hauv Greek thaum ub, cov khau muaj nyob tom qab ntawd yog khau mos lossis khau rau cov neeg ua yeeb yam. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev ua yeeb yam niaj hnub no, muaj ntau ntau rau cov neeg ua yeeb yam.
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Cov lus nug nquag nug txog Greek Theatre- 7 Cov Lus Qhia Tseem Ceeb rau Cov Tub Kawm Ntawv
Cov hauv qab no yog cov lus nug nquag nug txog Greek theatre.
Greek Theatre yog dab tsi?
Greek theatre yog suav tias yog ib hom kev ua yeeb yam. Nws yog qhov twg ntau tus neeg ua yeeb yam thiab cov nkauj hu nkauj ua qhov xwm txheej lossis kev ua yeeb yam raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm Greek playwrights thaum ub. Qee cov Greek playwrights thaum ub suav nrog Euripides, Sophocles thiab Aristophanes.
Leej twg tsim Greek Theatre?
Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm Greek theatre hnub rov qab mus rau xyoo pua 6 BC. Nws hloov zuj zus los ntawm kev cai dab qhuas ceremony uas cov neeg pe hawm hnav lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg thiab hu nkauj rau Dionysus.
Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, Thespis yog thawj tus neeg ua yeeb yam hais lus rau cov neeg tuaj saib thiab hloov khaub ncaws ntawm theem.
Ob hom Greek Plays yog dab tsi?
Nyob rau hauv ancient Greek theatre, tragedy thiab comedy yog thawj ob plays. Rau kev ua yeeb yam xwm txheej, peb tus neeg ua yeeb yam thiab 15 tus neeg hu nkauj ua dab neeg los ntawm Greek mythology.
Puas yog Greek theatre thaum ub tau cuam tshuam kev lom zem niaj hnub no?
Yog lawm, nws tau cuam tshuam kev lom zem niaj hnub hauv ntau txoj hauv kev. Tej hauj lwm ntawm Greek tragedians thaum ub tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev lom zem niaj hnub no.
xaus
Ancient Greek theatre tau zoo cuam tshuam kev lom zem niaj hnub. Cov txiv neej zoo li Euripides, Sophocles, Aeschylus, Menander, thiab Aristophanes txhawb ntau tus neeg niaj hnub no.
Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm Greek tragedy yog txuas mus rau lub rituals ua nyob rau hauv lub pe hawm ntawm Greek vajtswv Dionysus. Ancient Greek comedy hnub rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua 6th thaum cov neeg ua yeeb yam yuav hnav li nees, dancers thiab satyrs hauv costumes.
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