Thetha into ongayi kuyenza malunga nenkqubo yezikolo zikarhulumente ekhoyo ngoku, kodwa akukho nto iphikayo. I-United States ivelise ezinye zeengqondo ezingcono kwihlabathi. Zininzi izigxeko ezisemthethweni malunga nemfundo yelizwe. Nangona kunjalo, kukwafanelekile ukuba sikhe sinqumame rhoqo kwaye sicinge ukuba sihambe kangakanani na.
Ukucamngca okunjalo kunokunceda ukuphepha ukwenza iimpazamo ezinokuphepheka ngokulula kwaye uqaphele iindlela eziye zaphumelela kakhulu. Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlola imbali yemfundo eMelika.
Ukususela kwizikolo zexesha lobukoloniyali ukuya kutsho kwinkqubo yale mihla yeSayensi, iThekhinoloji, ubuNjineli, neMathematika (STEM) esinayo ngoku. Ininzi imbali ekufuneka igutyungelwe, kodwa siza kujonga ngokufutshane kwixesha ngalinye elibalulekileyo kunye notshintsho olubalulekileyo oluzise kwimfundo.
Ixesha lobuKoloniyali (iinkulungwane ze-17-18)
Umgangatho wemfundo ngexesha leekoloni ezilishumi elinesithathu wawuthandabuzeka kakhulu. Bekukho ootitshala abaqeqeshiweyo abambalwa kwindawo yokuqala. U-Edward Janak, unjingalwazi kwiYunivesithi yaseToledo, uchaze ukufundisa ngeli xesha “njengomzamo worhwebo”. Nabani na wayenokuxhoma umqondiso aze aqalise ukufundisa.
Imfundo yaqala kancinci ukutshintsha, nangona kunjalo. Ngowe-1642, kwawiswa uMthetho oSinyanzelo wokuya eMassachusetts. Ngokutsho kwayo, intloko yekhaya ngalinye yayinembopheleleko yokuqinisekisa ukuba abantwana abaphantsi kophahla lwabo bafundiswa ukufunda, unqulo nemithetho. Imfundo ngeli xesha nayo enxulumene ngokusondeleyo nonqulo. Ukukwazi ukufunda iBhayibhile kwakuyeyona nto iphambili kumaPuritans.
Ngokuthe ngcembe, ugqaliselo lwemfundo lwanwenwela ukuqeqesha abantwana kurhwebo nezakhono ngokuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi. Isohlwayo sokubethwa sasiqhelekile yaye sasiya kuhlala siyinto eqhelekileyo njengendlela yoluleko ukuya kutsho kwinkulungwane yama-20.
Okubangela umdla kukuba, iikholeji ezininzi esizaziyo namhlanje zasekwa ngeli xesha. IKholeji eNtsha, eyasekwa ngo-1636, iya kuqhubeka yaziwa njenge Harvard. Ngokukwanjalo, iSikolo seCollegiate, esasekwa ngo-1701, siya kuqhubeka saziwa ngokuba yiYale. Ezinye iikholeji ezifana nePrinceton, Columbia, Penn, kunye neDartmouth nazo zazalwa ngeli xesha.
Funda kwakhona: 10 Ukufundiswa kwaBantu abaneeglasi
Uguquko lwaseMelika kunye noMbono wooTata abaSiseko (ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18)
Izikolo ngeli xesha zaphenjelelwa kakhulu ngumbono wabaseki. UThomas Jefferson, umzekelo, wayefuna bonke abantwana bafikelele kwimfundo yasimahla ubuncinci iminyaka emithathu. Le mfundo yayiza kugxininisa ekuqeqesheni ukufunda, ukubhala nokubala.
NgokweNdlela eya kwiMfazwe yamakhaya, uJefferson wayefuna indlela yamanqanaba amabini kwimfundo. Enye ilungiselelwe abasebenzi kwaye enye yeyabafundileyo. Abo babonakalisa izithembiso babeza kufumana uqeqesho olungakumbi. Isenokubonakala isahlula kwiimvakalelo zale mihla, kodwa yayivakala kumxholo weMelika yamandulo.
UJefferson wayenethemba lokuba indlela yakhe entlantlu-mbini kwezemfundo iya kunceda ukudala iinkokeli zexesha elizayo zelizwe.
Ngokufanayo, uBenjamin Rush, omnye ubawo owasekayo, wayekholelwa ukuba injongo yemfundo yayikukudala abemi abalungeleleneyo—kungekhona abaphengululi.
Ezi ngcamango zazinengqiqo, xa kujongwe izixhobo ezinqongopheleyo zelo xesha kunye nesidingo sokuphuhlisa ngokukhawuleza ilizwe emva kwenkululeko.
Amava okwenene abafundi axhomekeke kakhulu kwinkumbulo egciniweyo kunye nengqalelo endaweni yokuphuhlisa ukucinga okunzulu nokuqonda. Noko ke, njengoko iminyaka yayihamba, kwabakho uhlaziyo oluninzi ekwathi ngalo kwaveliswa iinkqubo ezintsha.
Ezi ziquka inkqubo yePestalozzian (eyayichasene nokubhora nokunkqaya) kunye nenkqubo yeLancacastrian (eyazisa ingcamango yabafundi abajongisisayo.)
Ixesha lokukhula komntwana (phakathi kwiNkulungwane yama-20)
Ngexesha lee-1950 kunye nee-1960s, iMelika yafumana ukwanda okubukhali kwabemi. Kungekudala iMfazwe Yehlabathi II yaphela, yaye ukubhaliswa kwasesikolweni kwakusele kuphelile inyuke ngaphezulu kwe-30%. IMelika ibingazimiselanga ukujongana nokwanda kwesiphumo abafundi, yaye kangangethuba elithile, zombini izikolo nabafundisi-ntsapho babesonganyelwa.
Isohlwayo sokubethwa sasisoloko sisetyenziswa njengoko kwakunzima kootishala ukugcina amagumbi okufundela anabafundi abaninzi bephantsi kolawulo.
Ngokubhekiselele kwezemfundo, kukho inqanaba apho ikharityhulamu yayizama ukugxila kwimfundo eqhubela phambili nequka konke konke. Oku kwakusekelwe ekuzameni ukuvuselela ukukhula ngokwasemzimbeni, ngokwasengqondweni nangokweemvakalelo. Iiklasi zefilosofi ziye zaduma ngakumbi ngelixa isayensi enzima ithatha isihlalo esingasemva.
Nangona kunjalo, konke oku kwathatha i-U-turn ngo-1957, xa abantu baseMelika babona ukujikeleza okuyimpumelelo kweSputnik, isathelayithi yeSoviet. Abaninzi baqala ukoyika ukuba iMelika ibanjwe yiteknoloji yiSoviets.
Ke ngoko, umdaniso omfutshane onemfundo egcweleyo uye waphumla. IMfazwe ebandayo ezayo iya kuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yemfundo yaseMelika iya kugxila ekukhupheni izazinzulu kunye neenjineli ukuba zikhuphisane neeSoviet.
Funda kwakhona: Imizekelo eyi-20 eMihle yeNkcubeko (Iingcebiso kubafundi)
Imfundo yangoku ye-STEM (uMhla wangoku)
Emva kokuba iMelika iphumelele imfazwe ebandayo yaza yaba lelona gunya libalaseleyo ehlabathini, imfundo kweli lizwe yaba nenguqu. Izibonelelo ngoku zazininzi ngokwaneleyo kangangokuba uninzi lwabantu baseMelika babenokufikelela kuzo zombini izikolo zikarhulumente zasimahla kwaye babenokukhetha nezikolo zabucala ezihlawulwayo.
Endaweni yokufuna ikharityhulamu yesizwe, ilizwe ngalinye linekharityhulamu nezikhokelo zalo. Nangona kunjalo, i-2010s yabona ukungeniswa "kweMigangatho yeSizwe eQhelekileyo." Lo ibiyinzame yokwenza imfundo ibe yekumgangatho ofanayo kuwo onke amazwe ahlukeneyo.
I-Common Core ayikhange ibekho ngaphandle kwempikiswano, nangona kunjalo, kwaye kukho izigxeko ezininzi zenkqubo eziphakamisa amanqaku afanelekileyo. Kutshanje, amanye amazwe akhethe ukuyishiya le nkqubo. Ezi ziquka Indiana, Oklahoma, eArizona, eLouisiana, naseWest Virginia.
Abantu baseMelika namhlanje banokhetho oluninzi ngakumbi malunga nokhetho lwesikolo. Inkxaso yemfundo eyodwa ikhona, kwaye ukudityaniswa kobuchwepheshe kwimfundo kudale izinto ezintsha nokukhula okukhulu.
Ugxininiso lweSTEM aluzange lube lukhulu kwaye lugxininiswa kakhulu kwikharityhulam yezikolo ezininzi. Kukho nenani elikhulayo lezikolo ezigxile kwi-STEM ezijolise ekulungiseleleni abafundi kwimfundo ephakamileyo kunye nemisebenzi kwiinkalo ezinxulumene ne-STEM.
Ngokunyuka kwe-AI kunye namanqanaba okuqala okuhlola indawo enkulu, ukubaluleka kobuchwepheshe, i-aeronautics yasemkhathini, kunye nemimandla yeenkwenkwezi kunokwenzeka ukuba ibone ukwanda kwiminyaka ezayo. Kukhuselekile ukuthi ukugxila kwi-STEM kuya kukhula ngakumbi ukusuka apha ukuya phambili.
Funda kwakhona: Ithiyetha yamaGrike-Izibakala ezi-7 eziluncedo kubafundi
isiphelo
Ewe, kusoloko kukho indawo yokuba inkqubo yemfundo iphucule. Sinokuhlala sijolise kwimigangatho ephezulu kunye nomgangatho. Ngamanye amaxesha, kunokubonakala ngathi senze iimpazamo ezininzi kwixesha elidlulileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, xa sijonga emva kwimbali yemfundo eMelika, kubalulekile ukugcina umxholo wembali engqondweni. Ukhetho oluninzi olubonakala lungekho ngqiqweni namhlanje lwaluyimfuneko ngaloo maxesha.
Kumashumi eminyaka ukususela ngoku, sinokujonga emva kwimfundo yethu yangoku egxile kwi-STEM kwaye sifumanise iziphene esingaziboniyo ngoku. Emva koko, injalo uhlobo lokujonga emva.
Shiya iMpendulo