Psychology ine zvikoro zvakati wandei zvekufunga kana dzidziso uye ivo vanowanzopa maonero akasiyana ekuti ungadzidza sei psychology sechidzidzo.
Psychology yakatanga kubuda sesainzi yayo pakaita gakava pamusoro pemashandiro anoita pfungwa dzemunhu. Pakutanga, pakanga paine dzidziso dzakati wandei asi chiremba wechiGerman Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt ndiye aive muzivi wekutanga kuvhura rabhoritari yepfungwa muna 1897.
Wilhelm Wundt anozivikanwa nemabasa ake uye nhasi anoonekwa semuvambi wepfungwa. Wundt akatangawo chikoro chekutanga chepfungwa chatinoziva nhasi sechimiro.
Chikoro chepfungwa chinosanganisira vanhu vane pfungwa imwechete vanogovana kunzwisisa kwakafanana. Zvikoro zvakasiyana zvepfungwa zviripo nhasi uye zvakadzidzwa kuti zvinzwisise zvine musoro kuti pfungwa dzemunhu dzinoshanda sei.
Chii Chinonzi Chikoro Chekufunga?
Psychology chidzidzo chepfungwa dzemunhu uye chikoro chepfungwa chinotsanangura boka revanhu vanogovana pfungwa yakafanana, huzivi, uye njere.
Rinozivisa vanhu vari veboka rakati maererano nezvavanotenda kana kuti miitiro ine chokuita nenyaya yakati.
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Zvikoro Zvikuru zvePfungwa muPsychology
Ngationgororei zvikoro zvitanhatu zvikuru zvepfungwa zvepfungwa.
Structuralism
Structuralism ndiyo yaive yekutanga chikoro chepfungwa chepfungwa chakanangana nekudzidza maitiro epfungwa nekuapatsanura muzvikamu zvakakosha.
Sekureva kwaValentinasolci.medium.com, Wilhelm Wundt, muvambi weichi chikoro chepfungwa aizivikanwa zvakanyanya nebasa rake uye akagamuchira akawanda ezvikwereti.
Mudzidzi waWundt Edward B. Titchener anozivikanwawo semumwe wevafungi vakuru vezvimiro.
Chikoro chekutanga chepfungwa chepfungwa chinotarisa pakuongorora chimiro chepfungwa dzemunhu. Chinangwa chekunzwisisa kuti pfungwa dzakagadzirwa sei kuti dzishande uye kuti vanhu vanojairana sei nezvinotendwa zvitsva.
Kuve chikoro chekutanga chekufunga, chimiro chinoongorora maonero evanhu uye maonero akasiyana. Ichi chikoro chepfungwa chaita kuti nyanzvi dzepfungwa dzive nechido chekuongorora nekunzwisisa zvakakosha zvikamu zvepfungwa.
Wilhelm Maximillian Wundt aive nyanzvi yezvepfungwa uyo akatarisana nepfungwa iyi. Maitiro ake ekunzwisisa chinangwa ichi aive ekushandisa chishandiso chekuongorora.
Introspection inosanganisira kuedza kuona zviitiko zvedu zvemukati pachedu uye kufungisisa nezvekuziva kwedu.
Vatsoropodzi vazhinji vaive nemafungiro akasiyana nezvekushandisa introspection sechombo, zvisinei nechikoro ichi chekufunga kuvandudza psychology panguva iyoyo. kashoma kuti vanhu vaviri vaone chinhu chimwe chete nenzira yakafanana.
Kushanda basa
American psychologist uye muzivi William James inyanzvi yekushanda, chimwe chezvikoro zvepfungwa mune zvepfungwa. William James aive muzivi aive nemafungiro akasiyana nezve basa uye chimiro.
Nyanzvi yeAmerica uye muzivi akatenda mukudzidza mashandiro anoita munhu pane kudzidza chimiro.
Ichi chikoro chepfungwa chinotsanangura mashandiro anoita pfungwa pamwe nemaitiro epfungwa anokurudzira kuchinjika.
Vanoshanda vanoona pfungwa dzemunhu sekombuta uye kuti vanzwisise kuti pfungwa dzinoshanda sei, vanodzitarisa sesoftware. Pfungwa dzemunhu dzakaoma uye kuti unzwisise kushanda kwayo kwepfungwa, inoda kuongororwa zvakasiyana.
Vanoshanda vakatsunga kuona kuti sei mamwe maitiro epfungwa achiwanzoitika. Izvi zvakaita kuti pave nekunyatsodzidza nezvekuchinja, kukurudzira, vana, uye mhuka.
Vanoshanda vakaita ongororo yavo vachishandisa introspection sechombo.
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Behaviourism
Pakati pezana ramakore rechi20, kuzvibata kwakabuda sechikoro chikuru chepfungwa, chinopfuura kushanda nesimba uye kurongeka.
Behaviourism chimwe chezvikoro zvekufunga mune psychology yakawedzera mukati me1950s. Icho chikoro chepfungwa chinotarisa pakudzidza pfungwa dzevanhu nekuongorora kwezvinokurudzira uye mhinduro.
Behaviourism inongotsanangura kudzidza kwemaitiro anooneka. Nyanzvi yepfungwa yekuAmerica John B. Watson akabudirira papfungwa nekutanga maitiro.
Achipawo kumabasa aWatson, mumwe weAmerican psychologist B.F. Skinner aiva mumwe wenyanzvi dzemaitiro akabvuma pfungwa yehunhu hwevanhu kuti iongororwe.
Skinner akakurudzira pfungwa yekuongorora maitiro evanhu kuburikidza nekusimbisa uye kurangwa uye zvinokonzera zvakatipoteredza, panzvimbo yezvikonzero zvemukati.
Watson aive akatsunga kudzidza pfungwa dzemunhu zvakanyanya uye nehunyanzvi hwepfungwa dzepamusoro kuti ave chikamu chesainzi. Vatsoropodzi vechikoro ichi chepfungwa zvisinei vaive nemafungiro akasiyana.
Vaitenda kuti kumwe kupesvedzera kwepfungwa kunoitika nekuzvarwa, saka kudzidza maitiro ane chinangwa kwakakosha pakunzwisisa pfungwa dzemunhu zvakanyanya.
Gestalt psychology
Gestalt psychologists vanotenda kuti pfungwa dzemunhu dzinoshanda zvakasiyana nekutora nekududzira ruzivo kuburikidza nemitemo yakasiyana, mitemo, kana kuronga misimboti.
Idzi ndidzo nyanzvi dzepfungwa dzakatenda mukudzidza pfungwa dzemunhu uye ruzivo pamwe chete pachinzvimbo chekuitsemura kuita zvikamu zvidiki. Idzi nyanzvi dzepfungwa dzinozivikanwa nekutaura kwavo kwakakurumbira "Iyo yese yakakura kupfuura huwandu hwezvikamu zvayo".
Mimwe mienzaniso yeGestalt psychologists inosanganisira Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, uye Wolfgang Köhler.
Gestalt psychologists vane chokwadi chekuti zvakakosha kuti utarise chiitiko chose, pane kuchiputsa kuita zvakakosha zvikamu. Optical illusion chiitiko uye kunzwisisa maitiro ayo papfungwa dzemunhu muenzaniso wakajairwa we gestalt kufunga.
Cognitive Psychology
Tichiri panyaya yezvikoro zvepfungwa zvepfungwa. Ngationgororei cognitive psychology uye zvese zviripo.
Saka, chii chinonzi cognitive psychology?
Ibazi repfungwa rine chekuita nekudzidza maitiro epfungwa dzevanhu kusanganisira marangarira, maonere, kudzidza, uye kufunga kwevanhu.
Iri bazi re psychology rine hukama kune zvimwe dzidziso dzakadai seyeuroscience, linguistics, uye uzivi sezvo chiri chikamu chechinyorwa chakakura chekuziva sainzi.
Cognitive psychology sechikoro chepfungwa chinosanganisira akati wandei dzidziso. Dzidziso ine simba kubva pachikoro ichi chepfungwa yaive thesis yaJean Piaget pa "chikamu chekukura kwepfungwa".
Inotaura kuti vana vanowanzopinda mumatanho akawanda anofambira mberi ekukura kwepfungwa.
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Humanistic Psychology
Humanistic psychology yakabuda sechikoro chepfungwa semhinduro kune maitiro uye psychoanalysis. Inosiyana kubva kune zvimwe zvikoro zvepfungwa mune zvepfungwa sezvo ichinyanya kutarisa kubatsira vanhu kuti vavandudze rusununguko rwavo rwekuda, kuzviziva, uye kukura kwemunhu.
Nyanzvi dzepfungwa dzeAmerica Carl Rogers naAbraham Maslow ndivo vaviri vakuru vevanhu vanofunga.
Carl Rogers aiva mumwe wenyanzvi dzepfungwa dzevanhu vakanga vasingabvumirani nepfungwa yokuti zviito zvedu zvinodzorwa nemamwe masimba. Abraham Maslow kune rumwe rutivi ane mukurumbira nekuvandudza yake "Hierarchy of Needs" iyo inopa ruzivo rwakawanda mune iyi nzira.
Chikoro chepfungwa ichi chaive chiitiko chakareruka chekusabvumirana nepsychoanalysis uye maitiro. Humanistic psychology yakatungamira kune imwe nzira yekurapa ine chinangwa chekubatsira vanhu kuti vasvike pakugona kwavo kuzere.
Psychoanalysis
Iyo psychoanalytic theory inotsanangura maitiro emunhu nekuongorora iyo subconscious pfungwa.
Sigmund Freud anotenda kuti pfungwa yekutsvaga mafaro, iyo nyanzvi yezveuropi yeAustria inotsanangura sepabonde, ndiyo pamidzi yekukura kwevanhu.
Freud anotenda kuti kukura kunoitika mumatanho akasiyana-siyana. Kunyange vana vanowana mufaro uyu panguva yekukura kwekutanga. Muenzaniso chaiwo chiito chokuyamwisa pazamu raamai.
The Austrian neurologist akatendawo kuti pfungwa dzemunhu dzine zvinhu zvitatu zvakasiyana, zvinosanganisira ego, ad, uye superego.
Mwanasikana waSigmund Freud Anna Freud aivewo psychoanalyst anozivikanwa semumwe wevakuru vepfungwa vanofunga. Anna Freud, Erik Erikson, naCarl Jung ndevamwe vevafungi vakuru vepfungwa.
Mibvunzo Inonyanya Kubvunzwa
Pazasi pane mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nezve zvikoro zvekufunga mune psychology.
Chii chinonzi chikoro chepfungwa?
Psychology chidzidzo chepfungwa dzemunhu uye chikoro chepfungwa chinotsanangura boka revanhu vanogovana pfungwa yakafanana, huzivi, uye njere.
Chii chinorehwa nechikoro chepfungwa?
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Chikoro chepfungwa chinotsanangura boka revanhu vanogovana pfungwa yakafanana, njere, uye uzivi.
Ndechipi chaive chikoro chekutanga chepfungwa mune zvepfungwa?
Kune akati wandei zvikoro zvekufunga asi zvekutanga zvaive zvimiro uye mashandiro. Yekutanga yaive chikoro chekutanga chepfungwa mune zvepfungwa.
Ndezvipi zvikoro zvitanhatu zvikuru zvepfungwa mune zvepfungwa?
Zvikoro zvitanhatu zvikuru zvepfungwa mune zvepfungwa zvimiro, maitiro, mashandiro, cognitive psychology, Gestalt psychology, uye psychoanalysis.
Chii chinonzi functionalism sechikoro chekufunga mune psychology?
American psychologist uye muzivi William James inyanzvi yekushanda, chimwe chezvikoro zvepfungwa mune zvepfungwa. William James aive muzivi aive nemafungiro akasiyana nezve basa uye chimiro.
mhedziso
Structuralism uye functionalism ndizvo zvikoro zvekutanga zvekufunga muPsychology. Izwi rekuti psychology rinoongorora magadzirirwo epfungwa dzemunhu kuburikidza nezvikoro zvaro zvakasiyana zvekufunga.
Zvikoro zvemazuva ano zvePsychology, maitiro uye pfungwa dzepfungwa zvese zvine simba, nepo humanistic psychology yakagadziridzwa semhinduro kune maitiro uye psychoanalysis.
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